{"id":12456,"date":"2013-10-31T10:58:36","date_gmt":"2013-10-31T09:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=12456"},"modified":"2013-10-31T10:58:36","modified_gmt":"2013-10-31T09:58:36","slug":"20-let-od-vzniku-centra-kochlearnich-implantaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=12456","title":{"rendered":"20 let od vzniku Centra kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Program kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed v vznikl na Klinice u\u0161n\u00ed, nosn\u00ed a kr\u010dn\u00ed 2. LF UK a FN Motol v roce 1993, rok po implantaci prvn\u00edho \u010desk\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte v Hannoveru prof. Dr. Dr. Ernestem Lenhardtem. Dnes u\u017e kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implant\u00e1t m\u00e1 500 lid\u00ed.<\/strong><br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nPo cel\u00fdch 20 let bylo Centrum kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed jedin\u00fdm specializovan\u00fdm centrem pro d\u011bti v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a zavedlo sluchovou neuroprot\u00e9zu v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 pacient\u016f s vrozenou \u010di z\u00edskanou ztr\u00e1tou sluchu v d\u016fsledku posti\u017een\u00ed jemn\u00fdch struktur vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha. D\u00edky implant\u00e1tu byl t\u011bmto pacient\u016fm navr\u00e1cen sluch, nau\u010dili se mluvit, z\u00edskali mo\u017enost vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch a snadn\u011bji se za\u0159adili do spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Podle vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) je ztr\u00e1ta sluchu druh\u00fdm nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bka, hned za posti\u017een\u00edm ment\u00e1ln\u00edm. Diagn\u00f3za poruchy sluchu je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 &#8211; jej\u00ed v\u00fdskyt v populaci se odhaduje na t\u0159i z 1000 nov\u011b narozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, z toho u 1\/3 se jedn\u00e1 o poruchu t\u011b\u017ekou. Sluch je p\u0159itom jedin\u00fdm smyslem, kter\u00fd lze u velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch obnovit pomoc\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho dr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nervov\u00fdch zakon\u010den\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha. Na tomto principu je zalo\u017eena l\u00e9\u010dba kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implantac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implant\u00e1t zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edmu jedinci sluchov\u00e9 vjemy p\u0159\u00edmou elektrickou stimulac\u00ed sluchov\u00e9ho nervu uvnit\u0159 hlem\u00fd\u017ed\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha. P\u0159\u00edstroj funguje na b\u00e1zi p\u0159enosu energie a sign\u00e1lu pomoc\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9 indukce,&#8220; vysv\u011btluje doc. MUDr. Zden\u011bk Kabelka, Ph.D., vedouc\u00ed Centra kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice p\u0159i FN Motol.<\/p>\n<p>Zaveden\u00ed kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed s vrozenou ztr\u00e1tou sluchu znamen\u00e1 p\u0159evrat v jejich rozvoji. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fadaje hovo\u0159\u00ed o tom, \u017ee s dobrou rehabilitac\u00ed maj\u00ed \u0161anci nau\u010dit se mluvit a zhruba 60 % pacient\u016f studuje na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch &#8211; v souboru jsou i prvn\u00ed absolventi vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol. &#8222;Nositel\u00e9 kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implant\u00e1t\u016f se zapojuj\u00ed prakticky do v\u0161ech b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed a v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b ji\u017e nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed asistenci tlumo\u010dn\u00edka. Zn\u00e1m pacienty, kte\u0159\u00ed se nau\u010dili ciz\u00ed \u0159e\u010d, dok\u00e1\u017eou poslouchat hudbu a telefonovat. Omezen\u00ed nepoci\u0165uj\u00ed ani v oblasti sportu, d\u00edky speci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00faprav\u00e1m n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f mohou s implant\u00e1tem dokonce plavat,&#8220; uv\u00e1d\u00ed doc. MUDr. Zden\u011bk Kabelka, Ph.D.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prvn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b s kochle\u00e1rn\u00edm implant\u00e1tem<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implant\u00e1ty byly u n\u00e1s poprv\u00e9 vyzkou\u0161eny na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let u ohluchl\u00fdch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159ed ztr\u00e1tou sluchu domluvili a d\u00edky mluven\u00e9mu slovu dok\u00e1zali \u010d\u00edst a ps\u00e1t. Impulzem pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby u d\u011bt\u00ed se stala implantace p\u0159\u00edstroje \u010desk\u00e9mu chlapci ohluchl\u00e9mu po z\u00e1n\u011btu mozkov\u00fdch blan, kter\u00e9ho v roce 1992 v Hannoveru operoval jeden z pr\u016fkopn\u00edk\u016f kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed, prof. Dr. Dr. Ernst Lehnhardt. O rok pozd\u011bji byly ji\u017e v Praze, na FN Motol, implantov\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b d\u011bti a v roce 1994 vzniknul program kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i FN Motol.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e9\u010dba t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch poruch sluchu v Centru kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159i FN Motol<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem uplynul\u00fdch 20 let bylo v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice operov\u00e1no v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 pacient\u016f. Rozvinula se zde pra\u017esk\u00e1 \u0161kola rehabilitace implantovan\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed s v\u00fdsledky srovnateln\u00fdmi s nejlep\u0161\u00edmi zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi centry. Postupn\u011b vznikla s\u00ed\u0165 16 specializovan\u00fdch pedagogick\u00fdch pracovi\u0161\u0165 na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed republiky, kter\u00e1 se na rehabilitaci komunika\u010dn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed u mal\u00fdch pacient\u016f pod\u00edlej\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>O vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edopera\u010dn\u00ed a poopera\u010dn\u00ed rehabilitaci a vlastn\u00ed zaveden\u00ed implant\u00e1tu se star\u00e1 t\u00fdm odborn\u00edk\u016f Centra kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice p\u0159i FN Motol. U\u017e\u0161\u00ed t\u00fdm zahrnuje foniatra, \u010dty\u0159i logopedky, klinick\u00e9ho psychologa, \u010dty\u0159i ORL l\u00e9ka\u0159e a dva klinick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdry. \u0160ir\u0161\u00ed t\u00fdm pot\u0159ebuje spolupr\u00e1ci dal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f motolsk\u00e9 nemocnice &#8211; d\u011btsk\u00e9 ORL odborn\u00edky, specializovan\u00e9 rentgenology, anesteziology, neurology, o\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e, genetiky a d\u011btsk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vhodnost l\u00e9\u010dby<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se mozek pot\u0159ebuje sluchov\u00e9 informace, jinak vlivem tzv. plasticity mozku se nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mozkov\u00e9 k\u016fry zapoj\u00ed pro jinou \u010dinnost a nedr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd sluchov\u00fd nerv atrofuje. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed implantaci prov\u00e9st mezi 1. a 3. rokem v\u011bku, kdy u\u017e je ov\u011b\u0159ena sluchov\u00e1 porucha a z anesteziologick\u00e9ho hlediska je podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed riziko komplikac\u00ed ne\u017e v 1. roce \u017eivota. Za ur\u010ditou hranici lze pova\u017eovat 6 let v\u011bku, kdy ji\u017e mozek sluchov\u00e9 centrum p\u0159epojil pro jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a implant\u00e1t nedok\u00e1\u017ee adekv\u00e1tn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>Dosud mohly b\u00fdt implantov\u00e1ny v\u0161echny d\u011bti, u kter\u00fdch byla pravd\u011bpodobnost vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje k rozvoji komunikace. Na klinice prob\u00edh\u00e1 pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, vyhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed a za\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed k operaci. Rehabilitace sly\u0161en\u00ed je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e1, proto z\u00e1kladn\u00ed n\u00e1cvik za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ji\u017e po prvn\u00edch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edch ukazuj\u00edc\u00edch velmi t\u011b\u017ekou poruchu sluchu, po nasazen\u00ed velmi siln\u00fdch sluchadel. Po zaveden\u00ed implant\u00e1tu rehabilitace pokra\u010duje a postupn\u00fd rozvoj rozum\u011bn\u00ed se vyhodnocuje ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem.<\/p>\n<p>Tiskov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va<br \/>\nParlamentnilisty.cz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Program kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed v vznikl na Klinice u\u0161n\u00ed, nosn\u00ed a kr\u010dn\u00ed 2. LF UK a FN Motol v roce 1993, rok po implantaci <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=12456\" title=\"20 let od vzniku Centra kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implantac\u00ed\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12456"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12456\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}