Hrozba le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch pacient\u016f – prole\u017eeniny \u2013 jsou\u00a0velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 a bolestiv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, je\u017e m\u016f\u017ee komplikovat vlastn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/p>\n
Trval\u00e9 z\u010derven\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, ale i odum\u0159en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b sval\u016f a \u0161lach, je\u017e m\u016f\u017ee ve spojen\u00ed s infekc\u00ed v\u00e9st a\u017e k \u00famrt\u00ed. I takov\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt d\u016fsledky dekubit\u016f neboli prole\u017eenin, je\u017e vznikaj\u00ed u pacient\u016f dlouhodob\u011b upoutan\u00fdch na l\u016f\u017eku.<\/p>\n
Podle zdravotn\u00edk\u016f se tomuto probl\u00e9mu nelze ani p\u0159es ve\u0161ker\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v\u017edy vyhnout. N\u011bkdy prole\u017eeniny mohou vzniknout i jako d\u016fsledek naordinovan\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u pacient\u016f s prot\u00e9zou \u010di po operaci.<\/p>\n
Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prevenc\u00ed je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a pravideln\u00e9 polohov\u00e1n\u00ed. K tomu slou\u017e\u00ed i nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed polohovac\u00ed pom\u016fcky, jako v\u00e1lce a kl\u00edny \u010di speci\u00e1ln\u00ed antidekubitn\u00ed matrace. Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 dynamick\u00e9 matrace, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esouv\u00e1n\u00edm vzduchu m\u011bn\u00ed tlak pod jednotliv\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi t\u011bla. T\u011bmi nejn\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi jsou paty, okol\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 kosti, ky\u010dle, p\u00e1nev, kolena, kotn\u00edky, lopatky \u010di \u017eebra.<\/p>\n
Rizikov\u00e9 pacienty je nutn\u00e9 polohovat po dvou hodin\u00e1ch, a to postupn\u011b na z\u00e1da, prav\u00fd bok, z\u00e1da a lev\u00fd bok. Pokud u\u017e dekubit vznikne, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1ny modern\u00ed vlhk\u00e9 metody. K jejich vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je na ka\u017ed\u00e9m odd\u011blen\u00ed nemocnice vy\u0161kolena alespo\u0148 jedna sestra. Probl\u00e9m ale nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v okam\u017eiku, kdy je pacient propu\u0161t\u011bn do dom\u00e1c\u00edho o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a nemocnice s n\u00edm ztrat\u00ed kontakt. Pacient se pak m\u016f\u017ee vr\u00e1tit do nemocnice s je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00edm stupn\u011bm dekubitu, ne\u017e s jak\u00fdm byl propu\u0161t\u011bn. N\u011bkdy za to m\u016f\u017ee nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi agenturou p\u00e9\u010de a praktick\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ten toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edepsat pot\u0159ebn\u00fd zdravotnick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je p\u0159i o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pacienta nutn\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Podle celost\u00e1tn\u00edch statistik hroz\u00ed v \u010cesku vznik prole\u017eenin zhruba t\u0159iceti procent\u016fm pacient\u016f. Na nejzat\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch, jako jsou l\u016f\u017eka n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de, to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e 60 procent.\u00a0V\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etina pacient\u016f se do rukou l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f dost\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017e s prole\u017eeninami. Pokud se v nich rozvine infekce, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k celkov\u00e9 sepsi a smrti pacienta. \u00damrtnost pacient\u016f s dekubitem je \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u stejn\u00e9 skupiny pacient\u016f bez prole\u017eeniny.<\/p>\n
Hojen\u00ed r\u00e1ny urychluje i spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva. Ta by m\u011bla b\u00fdt bohat\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na na b\u00edlkoviny. Ty nejkvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve vejc\u00edch. Krom masa jsou ale obsa\u017een\u00e9 tak\u00e9 v pe\u010divu, lu\u0161t\u011bnin\u00e1ch \u010di t\u011bstovin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
Co je dekubit Po\u0161kozen\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee nebo tk\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm tlakem nebo t\u0159ec\u00edmi silami. Po\u0161kozen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozsahu od trval\u00e9ho za\u010derven\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po odum\u0159elou tk\u00e1\u0148 postihuj\u00edc\u00ed svaly, \u0161lachy a kosti. Nejn\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou m\u00edsta s kostn\u00edmi v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky pokryt\u00e9 slabou vrstvou k\u016f\u017ee, zejm\u00e9na doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st p\u00e1te\u0159e, h\u00fd\u017ed\u011b, paty. Prole\u017eeniny se tvo\u0159\u00ed velmi rychle. Dlouhodob\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed tlaku zp\u016fsobuje poruchy prokrven\u00ed dan\u00e9 oblasti a posti\u017een\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148 za\u010dne odum\u00edrat.<\/p>\n
Foto: POLOHOV\u00c1N\u00cd PACIENTA. V prostor\u00e1ch II. intern\u00ed kliniky se v\u010dera lid\u00e9 mohli informovat o prevenci vzniku prole\u017eenin u nepohybliv\u00fdch pacient\u016f.<\/p>\n
Foto: Den\u00edk\/Vlastimil Le\u0161ka<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hrozba le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch pacient\u016f – prole\u017eeniny \u2013 jsou\u00a0velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 a bolestiv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, je\u017e m\u016f\u017ee komplikovat vlastn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu. Trval\u00e9 z\u010derven\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, ale i odum\u0159en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b sval\u016f a […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13355\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}