\u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal neboli katarakta je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. T\u00edm, jak se zvy\u0161uje d\u00e9lka do\u017eit\u00ed, p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed touto o\u010dn\u00ed chorobou trp\u00ed. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i miliony operac\u00ed katarakty, v \u010cesku je jich za rok kolem 80 tis\u00edc.<\/p>\n
\u010clov\u011bk posti\u017een\u00fd postupuj\u00edc\u00edm \u0161ed\u00fdm z\u00e1kalem si p\u0159ipad\u00e1, jako by se pohyboval ve st\u00e1le hust\u0161\u00ed mlze. P\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 rozpozn\u00e1vat obli\u010deje zn\u00e1m\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00e1tel, p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 jim odpov\u00eddat na pozdrav nebo p\u016fsob\u00ed zmaten\u011b, proto\u017ee nev\u00ed, kdo ho to vlastn\u011b zdrav\u00ed. Za\u010dne zanedb\u00e1vat \u00faklid v dom\u011b, proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dnou \u0161p\u00ednu, ani prach nevid\u00ed, zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1 i s\u00e1m sebe, proto\u017ee nezaznamen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 ne\u010distoty na sv\u00e9m oble\u010den\u00ed. I sv\u016fj obraz v zrcadle st\u011b\u017e\u00ed rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159es \u0161edob\u00edlou mlhu a b\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u0159eba \u0161patn\u011b u\u010desan\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0161patn\u011b vid\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m slunci nebo proti zapadaj\u00edc\u00edmu slunci, kdy m\u016f\u017ee snadno u n\u011bj doj\u00edt ke zran\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee nem\u00e1 osvojeny n\u00e1vyky slep\u00fdch lid\u00ed. A v t\u011bchto chv\u00edl\u00edch skute\u010dn\u011b je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 oslepl\u00fd, proto\u017ee p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky se v prost\u0159ed\u00ed zakalen\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e rozptyluj\u00ed. P\u0159itom mnohdy sta\u010d\u00ed vz\u00edt si k\u0161iltovku nebo klobouk, kter\u00fd o\u010dn\u00ed partie zast\u00edn\u00ed, a posti\u017een\u00fd kataraktou pak p\u0159ece jen v\u00fdznamn\u011b l\u00e9pe vid\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pro \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal je tak\u00e9 charakteristick\u00e9, \u017ee posti\u017een\u00fd m\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m \u010d\u00edst v denn\u00edm sv\u011btle, zat\u00edmco p\u0159i um\u011bl\u00e9m osv\u011btlen\u00ed se mu \u010dte mnohem l\u00e9pe. I ten, kdo byl do t\u00e9 doby v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdm \u010dten\u00e1\u0159em, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed o \u010detbu z\u00e1jem. Lid\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt probl\u00e9my p\u0159i nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy nakoup\u00ed i n\u011bco, co necht\u011bli, v\u010detn\u011b nahnil\u00e9ho ovoce a zeleniny. Doma st\u00e1le n\u011bco ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed, nemohou to naj\u00edt, maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m se strefit kl\u00ed\u010dem do z\u00e1mku, co\u017e jsou v\u0161echno p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 imituj\u00ed sta\u0159eckou demenci. A tak jsou i p\u0159\u00edpady, \u017ee d\u011bde\u010dek nebo babi\u010dka, o kter\u00e9 si cel\u00e1 rodina myslela, \u017ee m\u00e1 Alzheimera, za\u010dne po operaci katarakty zase norm\u00e1ln\u011b fungovat.<\/p>\n
„Po z\u00e1kroku za mnou p\u0159i\u0161la pacientka. Byla jako vym\u011bn\u011bn\u00e1, cel\u00e1 rozkvetla. ,Pan\u00ed doktorko, mus\u00edm se v\u00e1m omluvit,\u2018 hl\u00e1sila u\u017e od dve\u0159\u00ed. ,V\u017edy\u0165 j\u00e1 jsem k v\u00e1m chodila \u00fapln\u011b neupraven\u00e1, neu\u010desan\u00e1. Jen\u017ee j\u00e1 to nevid\u011bla stejn\u011b jako to, \u017ee nem\u00e1m doma uklizeno,“ uvedla MUDr. V\u011bra Kalandrov\u00e1 z O\u010dn\u00ed kliniky NeoVize.<\/p>\n
V\u011bdci zat\u00edm prokazateln\u011b nev\u011bd\u00ed, co je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu. V\u00fdznamnou roli hraje v\u011bk, genetika, u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, nap\u0159\u00edklad alkoholismus a s t\u00edm spojen\u00e1 \u0161patn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva. Studie tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed vyskytuje u obyvatel horsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a u lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed o\u010di \u010dasto vystavuj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edm paprsk\u016fm bez UV ochrany. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b v\u00fdskyt \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu nebyl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n v souvislosti s prac\u00ed na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, sledov\u00e1n\u00edm televize ani \u010dten\u00edm ve \u0161patn\u00e9m sv\u011btle.<\/p>\n
V minulosti b\u00fdval \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din slepoty. Je\u0161t\u011b dnes je jeho vinou na sv\u011bt\u011b, zejm\u00e9na v zem\u00edch t\u0159et\u00edho kontinentu, 18 milion\u016f nevidom\u00fdch. Operace a v\u00fdm\u011bna zakalen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky za um\u011blou vrac\u00ed lidem s kataraktou nejen zrak, ale i kvalitu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n
Dnes se ji\u017e d\u00edky modern\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed technice a \u010do\u010dk\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u00ed ambulantn\u011b p\u0159i povrchov\u00e9m znecitliv\u011bn\u00ed. Implantuj\u00ed se nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky z tzv. hydrofobn\u00edho akryl\u00e1tu. \u010co\u010dky jsou organismem v\u00fdborn\u011b sn\u00e1\u0161eny, velmi dob\u0159e a bezpe\u010dn\u011b se implantuj\u00ed a jsou proslul\u00e9 stabiln\u00ed centrac\u00ed v oku po dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta po operaci.<\/p>\n
Operace je u \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed terapie. Radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed stav oka k lep\u0161\u00edmu a\u017e u 98 % pacient\u016f, 90 % dos\u00e1hne dokonce vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 ostrosti. U \u010d\u00e1sti k tak v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu zlep\u0161en\u00ed nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed vlivem opera\u010dn\u00edch a poopera\u010dn\u00edch komplikac\u00ed nebo p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch chorob, jak\u00fdmi jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad cukrovka, zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal nebo v\u011bkem podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerace.<\/p>\n
„D\u0159\u00edve operace \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu trvala dv\u011b hodiny, dnes je hotov\u00e1 za sedm a\u017e deset minut,“ vysv\u011btluje V\u011bra Kalandrov\u00e1. „Chirurg vytvo\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed mikrochirurgick\u00e9ho no\u017ee \u0159ez o velikosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 mm, zkalenou \u010do\u010dku ultrazvukem rozbije na kousky a z oka je odsaje ultratenkou jehlou. Pak zavede p\u0159ipraven\u00fdm \u0159ezem um\u011blou nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dku. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby ji um\u00edstil p\u0159esn\u011b tam, kam pat\u0159\u00ed, aby p\u0159i implataci nepo\u0161kodil o\u010dn\u00ed pouzdro. \u0158ez se po skon\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdkonu s\u00e1m ut\u011bsn\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0161it\u00ed nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9.“ Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010do\u010dka m\u00e1 m\u00edt velk\u00fd dioptrick\u00fd rozsah (od -6 do +40 dioptri\u00ed), pou\u017eit\u00fd materi\u00e1l by m\u011bl obsahovat UV filtr a filtr na ochranu s\u00edtnice. „Na trhu se objevuj\u00ed levn\u00e9 asijsk\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky, kter\u00e9 vzhledov\u011b kop\u00edruj\u00ed origin\u00e1ly, ale v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedosahuj\u00ed jejich kvality,“ varuje V\u011bra Kalandrov\u00e1 p\u0159ed v\u00fdb\u011brem podle „v\u00fdhodn\u00e9“ ceny. „Dob\u0159e zvolen\u00e1 multifok\u00e1ln\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dka umo\u017e\u0148uje, \u017ee 80 % pacient\u016f po operaci nemus\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat br\u00fdle ani na bl\u00edzko, ani na d\u00e1lku. P\u0159ed operac\u00ed si l\u00e9ka\u0159 proto mus\u00ed s pacientem d\u016fkladn\u011b rozebrat, jak\u00e1 jsou jeho o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, co je pro n\u011bj d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a co m\u00e9n\u011b. Pt\u00e1m se lid\u00ed i na takov\u00e9 v\u011bci, jako kolik hodin denn\u011b str\u00e1v\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00edm televize nebo jestli jsou punti\u010dk\u00e1\u0159i, \u010di pohod\u00e1\u0159i. Ten, kdo \u010dasto \u0159\u00edd\u00ed v noci, bude mo\u017en\u00e1 pot\u0159ebovat jinou \u010do\u010dku ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd tr\u00e1v\u00ed cel\u00e9 dny na golfu. To v\u0161echno pak hraje roli p\u0159i celkov\u00e9m pocitu spokojenosti s operac\u00ed. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed m\u00e1me velk\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br. I kdy\u017e takov\u00e1 \u010do\u010dka, kter\u00e1 by \u010dlov\u011bku v seniorsk\u00e9m v\u011bku vr\u00e1tila zrak dvacetilet\u00e9ho, je\u0161t\u011b vynalezena nebyla.“<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal neboli katarakta je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. T\u00edm, jak se zvy\u0161uje d\u00e9lka do\u017eit\u00ed, p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed touto o\u010dn\u00ed chorobou trp\u00ed. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13812"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13812\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}