{"id":14213,"date":"2013-12-31T10:09:24","date_gmt":"2013-12-31T09:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14213"},"modified":"2013-12-31T11:58:58","modified_gmt":"2013-12-31T10:58:58","slug":"bbc-mladi-lide-sikanuji-i-sebe-sama-na-internetu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14213","title":{"rendered":"Mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u0161ikanuj\u00ed i sebe sama na internetu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsou lid\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1ni v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017ekami \u010di r\u016fzn\u00fdmi negativn\u00edmi koment\u00e1\u0159i na spole\u010densk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, zpravidla se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee to d\u011bl\u00e1 n\u011bkdo ciz\u00ed, ale ne v\u017edy je tomu tak. \u0158ada u\u017eivatel\u016f si t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem toti\u017e ubli\u017euje sama.<\/strong><\/p>\n

foto: stockvault.net<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

St\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161ikanuj\u00ed sebe sama na internetu, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 znepokojovat odborn\u00edky. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tento relativn\u011b nov\u00fd fenom\u00e9n naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed kybernetick\u00fdm sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Spolehliv\u00e9 statistiky nejsou k dispozici, proto\u017ee na toto t\u00e9ma zat\u00edm podle zpravodajsk\u00e9ho serveru BBC existuje pouze jedin\u00e1 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 studie. Massachusettsk\u00e9 st\u0159edisko pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed agrese (MARC) zjistilo, \u017ee ze 617 respondent\u016f z \u0159ad student\u016f dev\u011bt procent anonymn\u011b \u0161ikanovalo sebe sama na internetu.<\/p>\n

Ellie bylo 15 let, kdy\u017e za\u010dala s takzvan\u00fdm trollingem. To v internetov\u00e9 hant\u00fdrce znamen\u00e1 zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed provokativn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f v diskusn\u00edch f\u00f3rech s c\u00edlem vyprovokovat emotivn\u00ed odezvu ostatn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f – nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm proti vlastn\u00ed osob\u011b.<\/p>\n

Nakonec se se sv\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my sv\u011b\u0159ila britsk\u00e9 charitativn\u00ed organizaci Selfharm (sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed) a dala souhlas ke zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu pod fale\u0161n\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem.<\/p>\n

Teenagerka Ellie si z\u0159\u00eddila mno\u017estv\u00ed internetov\u00fdch profil\u016f a pou\u017e\u00edvala r\u016fzn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na p\u0159i pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed hanliv\u00fdch vzkaz\u016f sob\u011b sam\u00e9. „V t\u011bch koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch se uv\u00e1d\u011blo, \u017ee jsem o\u0161kliv\u00e1, k ni\u010demu, \u017ee m\u011b nikdo nemiluje\u2026 prost\u011b v\u0161e, co se mi honilo hlavou,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ellie. „Kdy\u017e jsem to vid\u011bla napsan\u00e9 od ‚jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed‘ \u010dern\u00e9 na b\u00edl\u00e9m, v\u011bd\u011bla jsem, \u017ee to mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pravda,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed typ identifikovan\u00e9 sebe\u0161ikany na internetu je, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 pos\u00edlaj\u00ed osobn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky s jasn\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem z\u00edskat negativn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f. Jedn\u00e1 se o dotazy typu: „Jsem atraktivn\u00ed?“ Ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi pak utvrzuj\u00ed dan\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka v tom, co si s\u00e1m o sob\u011b mysl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

„P\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dilo m\u011b to, \u017ee jsem doopravdy tak hrozn\u00fd, jak jsem si p\u0159edstavoval,“ konstatoval \u0161estn\u00e1ctilet\u00fd Ben, kter\u00fd se se sv\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem rovn\u011b\u017e obr\u00e1til na organizaci Selfharm.<\/p>\n

V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech jde o nov\u00fd trend v oblasti sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0159editelka charitativn\u00ed organizace Rachel Welchov\u00e1. „V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sice nejsou zran\u011bn\u00ed viditeln\u00e1, ale je tu jasn\u011b patrn\u00e1 emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozba pro mlad\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e z d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161ka maj\u00ed velmi negativn\u011b naru\u0161en\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sebe sama,“ vysv\u011btluje.<\/p>\n

Ve studii institutu MARC respondenti p\u0159edkl\u00e1dali mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f pro internetovou sebe\u0161ikanu. Mezi jin\u00fdmi uv\u00e1d\u011bli, \u017ee \u0161lo o „vol\u00e1n\u00ed o pomoc“ s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat pozornost dosp\u011bl\u00fdch a vrstevn\u00edk\u016f a p\u0159im\u011bt je, aby si o n\u011b za\u010dali d\u011blat starost.<\/p>\n

„Sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed jako \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed se na rukou \u010di jinde na t\u011ble je fyzickou reakc\u00ed na emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bolest, kter\u00e1 doty\u010dnou osobu od t\u00e9to bolesti odv\u00e1d\u00ed. Internetov\u00e9 sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed nahrazuje emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bolest jinou formou emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bolesti. Toto negativn\u00ed zes\u00edlen\u00ed je extr\u00e9mn\u011b znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed,“ podot\u00fdk\u00e1 Welchov\u00e1 a p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto lid\u00ed je nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 a m\u016f\u017ee eskalovat.<\/p>\n

Aby Ellie dodala sv\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu na d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti, za\u010dala napadat ty, kte\u0159\u00ed ji v internetov\u00fdch diskus\u00edch br\u00e1nili. „Moji p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 se m\u011b sna\u017eili chr\u00e1nit, tak\u017ee abych mohla pokra\u010dovat, za\u010dala jsem jim tak\u00e9 pos\u00edlat o\u0161kliv\u00e9 vzkazy,“ p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edvka.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum v oblasti sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed na internetu nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed utajov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti. „Ti, kdo to d\u011blaj\u00ed, se nesm\u00edrn\u011b boj\u00ed, \u017ee budou odhaleni. D\u011bs\u00ed se ostudy a pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by se p\u0159i\u0161lo na to, \u017ee si ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 vzkazy pos\u00edlaj\u00ed sami,“ prohla\u0161uje Welchov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Richard Graham, kter\u00fd pracuje pro lond\u00fdnskou nadaci Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust a specializuje se na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch a nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, na tento probl\u00e9m narazil v souvislosti se sebevra\u017edou \u010dtrn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9 Hannah Smithov\u00e9 z Leicestershiru.<\/p>\n

D\u00edvka si vzala \u017eivot v srpnu, kdy\u017e byla \u0161ikanov\u00e1na na komunitn\u00ed s\u00edti Ask.fm. Spr\u00e1vcov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b tvrdili, \u017ee Hannah si spoustu hanliv\u00fdch koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f poslala anonymn\u011b sama.<\/p>\n

„Nesm\u00edrn\u011b m\u011b to p\u0159ekvapilo. Nejsem si jist, jak je to b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, ale ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee je to b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edme,“ konstatoval Graham.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed sedmn\u00e1ctilet\u00e1 Ellie a Ben dostali l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc a s touto praktikou ji\u017e skon\u010dili. P\u0159ed odborn\u00edky ale st\u00e1le le\u017e\u00ed neprob\u00e1dan\u00e1 oblast relativn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9ho internetov\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

„V\u011bt\u0161ina dosp\u011bl\u00fdch d\u00e1v\u00e1 vinu za tyto probl\u00e9my nov\u00fdm technologi\u00edm a nechce uznat, \u017ee mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 jen vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tuto technologii k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdch a citov\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jim\u017e \u010del\u00ed,“ uv\u00e1d\u00ed Dannah Boydov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 pracuje jako odbornice na m\u00e9dia, kulturu a komunikaci na Newyorsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a pro firmu Microsoft.<\/p>\n

„Technologie odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a umoc\u0148uje dobr\u00e9 i \u0161patn\u00e9 v\u011bci z ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Je podstatn\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed vinit technologii ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd probl\u00e9m prostudovat v\u00edc do hloubky. Bohu\u017eel i experti \u010dasto sp\u00ed\u0161 mluv\u00ed o tom, co technologie d\u011bl\u00e1 s ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, a ne o tom, co ukazuje o kultu\u0159e mlad\u00fdch,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

BBC<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsou lid\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1ni v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017ekami \u010di r\u016fzn\u00fdmi negativn\u00edmi koment\u00e1\u0159i na spole\u010densk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, zpravidla se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee to d\u011bl\u00e1 n\u011bkdo ciz\u00ed, ale ne v\u017edy je tomu […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14213"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14213\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}