{"id":14214,"date":"2013-12-31T10:14:20","date_gmt":"2013-12-31T09:14:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14214"},"modified":"2013-12-31T11:58:33","modified_gmt":"2013-12-31T10:58:33","slug":"afp-promluvit-a-zemrit-aneb-neviditelna-hrozba-poraneni-mozku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14214","title":{"rendered":"Promluvit a zem\u0159\u00edt, aneb neviditeln\u00e1 hrozba poran\u011bn\u00ed mozku"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u00e1ny do hlavy mohou b\u00fdt tich\u00fdm zabij\u00e1kem, u nich\u017e je \u010dasto jedinou z\u00e1chranou rychl\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i. Dokonce i kdy\u017e zven\u010d\u00ed nen\u00ed na hlav\u011b vid\u011bt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed, n\u00e1raz m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kody na mozku, napsala agentura AFP.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e1raz, kter\u00fd ot\u0159ese mozkem – asi 1,3 kilogramu v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00edm org\u00e1nem s konzistenc\u00ed m\u011bkk\u00e9 \u017eelatiny – a mr\u0161t\u00ed j\u00edm proti tvrd\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pce lebky, m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit nervy, mozkov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a c\u00e9vy. N\u00e1sledkem jsou krevn\u00ed sra\u017eeniny a pohmo\u017ed\u011bniny, kter\u00e9 utla\u010duj\u00ed mozek; zhor\u0161uj\u00ed t\u00edm vznikl\u00e9 \u0161kody a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko trval\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed nebo smrti.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9ka\u0159i p\u00e1traj\u00edc\u00ed po mo\u017en\u00e9m mozkov\u00e9m traumatu si mohou povolat na pomoc rentgen a technologicky vysp\u011bl\u00e9 trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 skenery, ale mo\u017enost\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby je relativn\u011b m\u00e1lo. L\u00e9ky mohou zm\u00edrnit tlak v mozku, ale n\u011bkdy je nutn\u00e1 operace.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9ho jezdce formule 1 Michaela Schumachera, kter\u00fd utrp\u011bl poran\u011bn\u00ed hlavy p\u0159i ned\u011bln\u00edm p\u00e1du na ly\u017e\u00edch, neurochirurgov\u00e9 nejprve provedli operaci, aby vy\u0159e\u0161ili krv\u00e1cen\u00ed a zhmo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed mozku, a pak ho um\u00edstili do um\u011ble vyvolan\u00e9ho komatu pot\u00e9, co pooperativn\u00ed skeny uk\u00e1zaly „rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed“ na obou stran\u00e1ch mozku.<\/p>\n

Tato poran\u011bn\u00ed „nejsou dobrou zpr\u00e1vou“, \u0159ekl francouzsk\u00fd expert Jean-Luc Truelle, profesor neurologie v d\u016fchodu z Fochovy nemocnice na pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9m p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed. „Ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke krv\u00e1cen\u00ed ve funk\u010dn\u00edch oblastech mozku,“ dodal.<\/p>\n

Koma je v podobn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadech vyzkou\u0161enou metodou. Sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed teplotu pacientova t\u011bla na zhruba 35 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia, co\u017e zm\u00edrn\u00ed otoky. T\u00edm, \u017ee je v bezv\u011bdom\u00ed, je mozek tak\u00e9 „vypnut\u00fd“ pro zvuky, sv\u011btlo a dal\u0161\u00ed podn\u011bty, kter\u00e9 by ho nutily spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vat kysl\u00edk, aby tyto stimuly zpracoval.<\/p>\n

„Pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f je na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u0161echny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stimuly a okysli\u010dit jeho mozek do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, do jak\u00e9 je to mo\u017en\u00e9,“ \u0159ekl Jean-Francois Payen, \u0161\u00e9f jednotky intenzivn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de univerzitn\u00ed nemocnice v Grenoblu, kde Schumachera l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee trvat a\u017e 48 hodin, ne\u017e se projev\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky poran\u011bn\u00ed mozku, dodal Truelle. Proto by ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo utrp\u00ed i m\u00edrn\u00fd ot\u0159es mozku, m\u011bl vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc.<\/p>\n

Podle studie, kterou v roce 2007 zve\u0159ejnil \u010dasopis Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, zhruba ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9 poran\u011bn\u00ed hlavy zaznamenan\u00e9 v\u011bdci b\u011bhem desetilet\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed p\u0159edstavovalo p\u0159\u00edpad „promluvit a zem\u0159\u00edt“. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se pacient bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po nehod\u011b c\u00edt\u00ed dob\u0159e, ale pak se jeho stav zhor\u0161\u00ed a um\u00edr\u00e1 na nitrolebe\u010dn\u00ed poran\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f bylo i zran\u011bn\u00ed here\u010dky Natashy Richardsonov\u00e9, man\u017eelky herce Liama Neesona, kter\u00e1 zem\u0159ela po zd\u00e1nliv\u011b ne\u0161kodn\u00e9m p\u00e1du na ly\u017e\u00edch na za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dnick\u00e9m svahu v roce 2009.<\/p>\n

Poran\u011bn\u00ed mozku mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 n\u00e1sledkem opakovan\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f do hlavy sp\u00ed\u0161 ne\u017e d\u016fsledkem jednotliv\u00e9 nehody. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d jsou nyn\u00ed pod bedliv\u00fdm dohledem vysoce kontaktn\u00ed sporty, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad americk\u00fd fotbal, ragby \u010di ledn\u00ed hokej.<\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di americk\u00e9ho fotbalu ve v\u011bku 30 a\u017e 49 let maj\u00ed dvacetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost ne\u017e zbytek populace, \u017ee jim bude diagnostikov\u00e1na Alzheimerova choroba, demence \u010di jin\u00e1 nemoc spojen\u00e1 s naru\u0161enou pam\u011bt\u00ed. To vyplynulo ze zpr\u00e1vy, kterou si nechala v roce 2009 vypracovat N\u00e1rodn\u00ed fotbalov\u00e1 liga (NFL).<\/p>\n

Adam Hampshire, neurolog Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 univerzity v Lond\u00fdn\u011b, uvedl, \u017ee byl \u0161okov\u00e1n, kdy\u017e vy\u0161et\u0159oval front\u00e1ln\u00ed laloky 13 b\u00fdval\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f americk\u00e9ho fotbalu, kte\u0159\u00ed se z\u00fa\u010dastnili kognitivn\u00edch test\u016f. Zaznamenal u nich „n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch abnormalit mozkov\u00e9 aktivity“, jak\u00e9 kdy vid\u011bl.<\/p>\n

„Je vysoce pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee tyto \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u00fadery do hlavy se akumuluj\u00ed a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b,“ dodal.<\/p>\n

AFP<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00e1ny do hlavy mohou b\u00fdt tich\u00fdm zabij\u00e1kem, u nich\u017e je \u010dasto jedinou z\u00e1chranou rychl\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i. Dokonce i kdy\u017e zven\u010d\u00ed nen\u00ed na hlav\u011b vid\u011bt […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14214"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14214\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}