{"id":14254,"date":"2014-01-03T10:51:18","date_gmt":"2014-01-03T09:51:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14254"},"modified":"2014-01-03T10:51:18","modified_gmt":"2014-01-03T09:51:18","slug":"pred-205-lety-se-narodil-autor-braillova-pisma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14254","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159ed 205 lety se narodil autor Braillova p\u00edsma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b stolet\u00ed mohou nevidom\u00ed d\u00edky n\u011bmu &#8222;\u010d\u00edst&#8220; knihy. Francouz Louis Braille (foto), od jeho\u017e narozen\u00ed uplyne 4. ledna 205 let, byl s\u00e1m od d\u011btstv\u00ed po nehod\u011b slep\u00fd. \u0160estibodov\u00fd plastick\u00fd syst\u00e9m vymyslel ji\u017e v 16 letech a zm\u011bnil tak \u017eivot milion\u016fm lid\u00ed.<!--more--><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>foto: estock commonswiki<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Braillovo p\u00edsmo je toti\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt ve v\u0161ech jazyc\u00edch. Braille nav\u00edc vytvo\u0159il i k\u00f3dy pro matematick\u00e9 symboly \u010di hudebn\u00ed z\u00e1pis.<\/p>\n<p>Louis Braille se narodil v mal\u00e9 vesnici Coupvray u Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee v rodin\u011b sedl\u00e1\u0159e. Ve t\u0159ech letech si ale sedl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm no\u017eem poranil oko, do druh\u00e9ho oka se mu posl\u00e9ze dostala infekce a dva roky po nehod\u011b byl u\u017e \u00fapln\u011b slep\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Jako desetilet\u00fd nastoupil do pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9ho N\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fastavu pro mlad\u00e9 slepce, kde se po dokon\u010den\u00ed studi\u00ed kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm v\u011bdomostem stal pomocn\u00edkem u\u010ditele a pozd\u011bji u\u010ditelem. Sou\u010dasn\u011b zast\u00e1val t\u00e9\u017e varhanick\u00e9 m\u00edsto v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m kostele.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1825 navrhl prvn\u00ed vzorky speci\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u00edsma a kone\u010dnou formu mu dal v roce 1834. Jako z\u00e1klad k tomuto p\u00edsmu, je\u017e \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 vn\u00edm\u00e1 hmatem, Braille vyu\u017eil francouzsk\u00fd vojensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed za tmy.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho ta\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9ho p\u00edsma se v\u0161ak nedo\u010dkal, ve Francii bylo ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1no a\u017e v roce 1854 &#8211; dva roky pot\u00e9, co Braille 6. ledna 1852 kr\u00e1tce po 43. narozenin\u00e1ch zem\u0159el v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei na tuberkul\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b stolet\u00ed mohou nevidom\u00ed d\u00edky n\u011bmu &#8222;\u010d\u00edst&#8220; knihy. Francouz Louis Braille (foto), od jeho\u017e narozen\u00ed uplyne 4. ledna 205 let, byl s\u00e1m od <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14254\" title=\"P\u0159ed 205 lety se narodil autor Braillova p\u00edsma\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14254"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14254\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}