{"id":14440,"date":"2023-05-15T14:17:20","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T12:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14440"},"modified":"2023-05-15T14:17:20","modified_gmt":"2023-05-15T12:17:20","slug":"jak-predejit-onemocneni-stitne-zlazy-a-jak-se-pripadne-leci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=14440","title":{"rendered":"Jak p\u0159edej\u00edt onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a jak se p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jste podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, unaven\u00ed, ub\u00fdv\u00e1te na v\u00e1ze? Mo\u017en\u00e1, za to m\u016f\u017ee onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, kter\u00e9 podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f postihuj\u00ed a\u017e 30 procent evropsk\u00e9 populace.<\/strong> Na ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 funkce \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy odpov\u00edd\u00e1 internistka MUDr. Petra Jen\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Jakou funkci zast\u00e1v\u00e1 v na\u0161em t\u011ble \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e1 \u017el\u00e1za?<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00edtn\u00e1 \u017el\u00e1za je jedna ze \u017el\u00e1z s vnit\u0159n\u00ed sekrec\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee produkuje hormony p\u0159\u00edmo do krve, kde d\u00e1le p\u016fsob\u00ed. Hormony \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy maj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinek metabolick\u00fd \u2013 reguluj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie ve v\u0161ech org\u00e1nech lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla, zasahuj\u00ed do metabolismu v\u00e1pn\u00edku. Hormony \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy jsou naprosto nezbytn\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj plodu (zejm\u00e9na mozku) a i pro n\u00e1sledn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj po narozen\u00ed. Hormony \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z j\u00f3du, kter\u00fd \u017el\u00e1za shroma\u017e\u010fuje. Samotn\u00e1 produkce hormon\u016f \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy je regulov\u00e1na dal\u0161\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zou s vnit\u0159n\u00ed sekrec\u00ed, a to hypof\u00fdzou, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v mozku. Poruchy funkce \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy mohou b\u00fdt tedy zp\u016fsobeny jak v samotn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1ze, tak i v hypof\u00fdze, co\u017e je ale daleko m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9.<\/p>\n

– Co je to zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 funkce \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a z jak\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f k n\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji doch\u00e1z\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 funkce \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy (hypertyre\u00f3za) je stav charakteristick\u00fd zv\u00fd\u0161enou produkc\u00ed hormon\u016f \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a sou\u010dasn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161enou reakc\u00ed ostatn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed na tyto hormony. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e1 \u2013 a\u0165 ji\u017e posti\u017een\u00ed samotn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy nebo posti\u017een\u00ed hypof\u00fdzy, v\u00fdsledn\u00fd projev je ale stejn\u00fd. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina je autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1z\u00ed v t\u011ble k tvorb\u011b protil\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 stimuluj\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zu k nadm\u011brn\u00e9 produkci hormon\u016f. Vznik autoimunit nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00fd, ale jsou k nim obecn\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017eeny. Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1dor \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, kter\u00fd produkuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed hormon\u016f. Daleko vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami hypotyre\u00f3zy jsou onemocn\u011bn\u00ed hypof\u00fdzy, zde se jedn\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji o n\u00e1dory.<\/p>\n

– Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edznaky tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a m\u016f\u017eeme tuto nemoc sami odhalit?<\/p>\n

Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed projevy hypertyre\u00f3zy pat\u0159\u00ed hubnut\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tepov\u00e9 frekvence a\u017e rozvoj arytmi\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edch (vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed bu\u0161en\u00ed na srdci), nervozita, t\u0159es, neklid, poruchy sp\u00e1nku, \u00fanava, rychl\u00e9 zad\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159i n\u00e1maze, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pocen\u00ed, pr\u016fjmy, nesn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed tepla, vystoupl\u00e9 o\u010di z d\u016flk\u016f (exoftalmus), poruchy menstruace. D\u00e1le se m\u016f\u017ee projevovat rozvojem strumy \u2013 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, kter\u00e9 je hmatn\u00e9 a v pokro\u010dil\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech i viditeln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

– V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se n\u00e1s tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky t\u00fdkaj\u00ed, jak\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e m\u00e1me vyhledat?<\/p>\n

Na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b bych jist\u011b volila praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. N\u011bkdy k odhalen\u00ed nemoci dojde i v ordinaci kardiologa \u010di o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed je odhaleno z rozboru krve, d\u00e1le by m\u011bl n\u00e1sledovat ultrazvuk \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy. P\u00e9\u010de o pacienty s touto chorobou pak pat\u0159\u00ed do rukou endokrinologa.<\/p>\n

– Jak se n\u00e1sledn\u011b l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed?<\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010dba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na p\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00e1dor \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy \u010di hypof\u00fdzy, je l\u00e9\u010dba chirurgick\u00e1 (odstran\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy nebo odstran\u011bn\u00ed hypof\u00fdzy) a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 substituce hormon\u016f \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy v podob\u011b tablet, kter\u00e9 se pravideln\u011b denn\u011b nala\u010dno u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b odstran\u011bn\u00ed hypof\u00fdzy je nutn\u00e1 i substituce ostatn\u00edch hormon\u016f \u017el\u00e1z s vnit\u0159n\u00ed sekrec\u00ed \u2013 nadledvin apod.). Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o autoimunitn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, pot\u00e9 je na m\u00edst\u011b l\u00e9\u010dba tyreostatiky, tedy l\u00e9ky sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed tvorbu hormon\u016f \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9\u010dby je n\u011bkdy nutn\u00e9 pod\u00e1vat i l\u00e9ky zpomaluj\u00edc\u00ed tepovou frekvenci. Pokud l\u00e9\u010dba u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm tyreostatik nen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu l\u00e9\u010dba radioj\u00f3dem nebo chirurgick\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 substituce hormon\u016f \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n

– Vznikaj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 rizika, pokud se s touto chorobou nel\u00e9\u010d\u00edme?<\/p>\n

Nel\u00e9\u010den\u00e1 hypotyre\u00f3za vede k vystup\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st a\u017e k rozvoji \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho stavu \u2013 tyreotoxick\u00e1 krize. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 srde\u010dn\u00ed frekvence u nel\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 hypertyre\u00f3zy m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st a\u017e k srde\u010dn\u00edmu selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– M\u016f\u017eeme my sami p\u0159isp\u011bt k tomu, aby se n\u00e1m toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vyhnulo?<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b prevence tyreopati\u00ed (onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy) je dostatek jodu v potrav\u011b, jin\u00e1 specifick\u00e1 preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed mi nejsou zn\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jste podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, unaven\u00ed, ub\u00fdv\u00e1te na v\u00e1ze? Mo\u017en\u00e1, za to m\u016f\u017ee onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, kter\u00e9 podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f postihuj\u00ed a\u017e 30 procent evropsk\u00e9 populace. Na ot\u00e1zky […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14440"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14440\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/39599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}