Nic n\u00e1s nebol\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky nemoci nem\u00e1me. Ov\u0161em chladn\u00e9 ruce, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nohy mohou b\u00fdt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech prvn\u00edm sign\u00e1lem ischemie.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou b\u00fdv\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za (ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tukov\u00fdch slo\u017eek ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch tepen a c\u00e9v) a tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina cholesterolu v krvi, kter\u00fd zu\u017euje st\u011bny tepen, kon\u010detina je \u0161patn\u011b z\u00e1sobov\u00e1na krv\u00ed (kysl\u00edkem a \u017eivinami) a m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt a\u017e k uz\u00e1v\u011bru tepny se v\u0161emi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi d\u016fsledky. Ischemick\u00e1 choroba doln\u00edch kon\u010detin za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pomalu, v prvn\u00edm stadiu neb\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee; c\u00e9vy jsou jen m\u00e1lo z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9, st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b dob\u0159e pracuj\u00ed a prokrvuj\u00ed nohy. U\u017e se ale mohou objevit mal\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v zim\u011b, a posti\u017een\u00ed jedinci m\u00edvaj\u00ed studen\u00e9 no\u017eky. Bolesti se objevuj\u00ed ve druh\u00e9m stadiu, a to jako k\u0159e\u010de nebo p\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed v l\u00fdtk\u00e1ch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i pohybu. Pokud nohy bol\u00ed i v klidu a vle\u017ee, \u010dasto v noci, nemocn\u00fd se dostal do dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze nemoci. V posledn\u00edm stadiu je ji\u017e p\u0159\u00edtok krve do nohou hodn\u011b omezen, i po mal\u00e9m poran\u011bn\u00ed mohou vznikat \u0161patn\u011b se hoj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1ny, nebo dokonce gangr\u00e9ny.
\nV zim\u011b maj\u00ed mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s probl\u00e9m se studen\u00fdma rukama a nohama; jak ale poznat, \u017ee to nen\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u017ee bychom se m\u011bli poradit s l\u00e9ka\u0159em?<\/p>\n
Rozhovor s angiolo\u017ekou MUDr. Evou Jire\u0161ovou<\/p>\n
„Probl\u00e9m se studen\u00fdmi kon\u010detinami tr\u00e1p\u00ed mnoho lid\u00ed a asi ka\u017ed\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 v ambulanci ob\u010das vyslechne stesky podobn\u00e9ho typu. Obt\u00ed\u017ee mohou b\u00fdt prostou \u2013 nez\u00e1va\u017enou poruchou termoregulace a adaptability organismu na zm\u011bny okoln\u00ed teploty, mohou ov\u0161em b\u00fdt i projevem choroby. Z\u00e1kladem pro vznik t\u011bchto pocit\u016f jsou z\u00e1chvaty spasmu drobn\u00fdch tepen a tep\u00e9nek, kter\u00e9 vedou k poru\u0161e krevn\u00edho z\u00e1soben\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti. Posti\u017eeny mohou b\u00fdt jak kon\u010detiny, tak perifern\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u0161n\u00ed boltce nebo nos. Z\u00e1chvat obvykle vyvolaj\u00ed siln\u00e9 emoce nebo chlad, respektive sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed teploty. Tento probl\u00e9m se v\u00edce t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u017een, obt\u00ed\u017ee mohou za\u010d\u00ednat ji\u017e v dob\u011b puberty; mohou se m\u00edrnit po gravidit\u011b \u010di v menopauze, a proto se uva\u017euje i o mo\u017enosti hormon\u00e1ln\u00edch vliv\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je zaznamen\u00e1n rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159i u\u017eit\u00ed hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed antikoncepce nebo u onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edtn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy. Negativn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ov\u0161em nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd c\u00e9vn\u00ed tonus s pohotovost\u00ed ke spasm\u016fm tep\u00e9nek \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 citlivost hladk\u00fdch sval\u016f ve st\u011bn\u011b c\u00e9vy na noradrenalin, kter\u00fd je l\u00e1tkou zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159enos veden\u00ed nervov\u00e9ho vzruchu.“<\/p>\n
– Mohla byste \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm vysv\u011btlit, v \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 nemoc, kter\u00e9 se odborn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Raynaud\u016fv syndrom?<\/p>\n
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vystup\u0148ovan\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed poruchy perifern\u00edho prokrven\u00ed a p\u0159i typick\u00e9m klinick\u00e9m obrazu mluv\u00edme o takzvan\u00e9 Raynaudov\u011b chorob\u011b, pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do skupiny vazoneur\u00f3z. Nej\u010dast\u011bji to b\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1chvatovit\u00e9 (20 a\u017e 30 minut trvaj\u00edc\u00ed odkrven\u00ed posti\u017een\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla \u2013 r\u016fzn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu prst\u016f a\u017e cel\u00e9 ruky nebo symetrick\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed obou kon\u010detin.
\nNa tuto takzvanou anemickou f\u00e1zi navazuje f\u00e1ze cyanotick\u00e1 s modrav\u00fdm zbarven\u00edm k\u016f\u017ee. Nakonec se objevuje hyperemick\u00e1 f\u00e1ze s obnovou prokrven\u00ed po uvoln\u011bn\u00ed stahu, co\u017e je \u010dasto spojen\u00e9 s bolestivost\u00ed.
\nChoroba m\u016f\u017ee znamenat pouze funk\u010dn\u00ed poruchu, kter\u00e1 neohro\u017euje pacienta, ale je pro n\u011bj jist\u011b \u2013 a \u010dasto nejen v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed \u2013 limituj\u00edc\u00ed. Nemocn\u00ed se nau\u010d\u00ed s omezen\u00edm \u017e\u00edt a d\u00edky re\u017eimov\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm se sna\u017e\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit klinick\u00fdm projev\u016fm. Kvalitu \u017eivota ov\u0161em m\u016f\u017ee sni\u017eovat omezen\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad zimn\u00edch sportovn\u00edch aktivit nebo profesn\u00ed probl\u00e9my p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci za sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch teplot. Stejn\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 projevy se ale mohou vyskytovat i jako Raynaud\u016fv syndrom, kter\u00fd je projevem jin\u00fdch chorob, \u010dasto z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch.<\/p>\n
– Existuje \u0159ada rad typu hork\u00e9 \u010di st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 koupele, tlust\u00e9 rukavice, mas\u00e1\u017ee olej\u00ed\u010dky\u2026 Co vy na to jako odbornice?<\/p>\n
D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jsou re\u017eimov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed s omezen\u00edm rizika prochlazen\u00ed, dob\u0159e funguj\u00ed proh\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159ky, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b mas\u00e1\u017ee, p\u0159\u00edpravky s obsahem ginkgo biloba a l\u00e9ky s vazodilata\u010dn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkem zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed perifern\u00ed prokrven\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Co je\u0161t\u011b m\u016f\u017eete zkusit sami?<\/p>\n
Pohyb je d\u016fle\u017eitou prevenc\u00ed nemoc\u00ed, a to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i c\u00e9vn\u00edch. Plat\u00ed to dvojn\u00e1sob, pokud m\u00e1te sedav\u00e9 zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b stoj\u00edte. Nejlep\u0161\u00edm a nejp\u0159irozen\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pohybem je oby\u010dejn\u00e1 ch\u016fze.
\nKa\u017ed\u00fd den aspo\u0148 10 tis\u00edc svi\u017en\u00fdch krok\u016f, n\u011bkdy i v\u00edc.
\nNe po obchodn\u00edch centrech, ale v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. A kdo zrovna nem\u016f\u017ee ven, m\u011bl by v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 i ch\u016fze po byt\u011b!
\nProto by ve va\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdbav\u011b nem\u011bl chyb\u011bt krokom\u011br.
\n– R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy cvi\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete praktikovat i p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed televize: rozcvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed rukou a nohou, krou\u017een\u00ed kotn\u00edky ob\u011bma sm\u011bry, t\u0159en\u00ed rukou o sebe apod.
\n– Nohy udr\u017eujte v suchu a teple. Nemocn\u00ed s c\u00e9vn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my by si m\u011bli kupovat kvalitn\u00ed pono\u017eky a podkolenky bez stahuj\u00edc\u00edch gumi\u010dek a tak\u00e9 pohodln\u00e9 (ne t\u011bsn\u00e9) ko\u017een\u00e9 boty.
\n– P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v zim\u011b nezapom\u00ednejte na zah\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed potraviny a n\u00e1poje, \u010daje z medu\u0148ky, m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dku nebo h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dku, v\u00fdborn\u00fd je dnes hodn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1zvorov\u00fd \u010daj.
\n– Nezapom\u00ednejte na zeleninu, ovoce a lu\u0161t\u011bniny, ryb\u00ed olej, p\u0161eni\u010dn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dky nebo chilli papri\u010dky.
\n– Stravu m\u016f\u017eete doplnit vitaminem E, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem a pupalkov\u00fdm olejem.<\/p>\n
– P\u0159\u00edpravky s obsahem ginkgo biloba pom\u00e1haj\u00ed prokrvovat nejen perifern\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla, ale tak\u00e9 mozek.
\n– Ve\u010der p\u0159ed span\u00edm vyzkou\u0161ejte sprchu nohou (st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b studen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a teplej\u0161\u00ed vodou), pe\u010dujte o nehty.
\n– A co je v\u016fbec nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed? Nekou\u0159it. Pokud jste tento zlozvyk je\u0161t\u011b nezvl\u00e1dli odstranit, rychle se ho zbavte. Zlep\u0161\u00edte si stav i dal\u0161\u00edch nemoc\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b omez\u00edte jejich riziko.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nic n\u00e1s nebol\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky nemoci nem\u00e1me. Ov\u0161em chladn\u00e9 ruce, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nohy mohou b\u00fdt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech prvn\u00edm sign\u00e1lem ischemie. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou b\u00fdv\u00e1 ateroskler\u00f3za […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14693"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14693\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}