{"id":15067,"date":"2014-03-09T12:08:37","date_gmt":"2014-03-09T11:08:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=15067"},"modified":"2014-03-09T12:12:23","modified_gmt":"2014-03-09T11:12:23","slug":"ludwig-van-beethoven-genius-jenz-se-pohadal-i-s-knizetem-lichnovskym","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=15067","title":{"rendered":"van Beethoven: g\u00e9nius, jen\u017e se poh\u00e1dal i s kn\u00ed\u017eetem Lichnovsk\u00fdm"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nen\u00ed mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00ed, \u017ee Opavsko a zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1mek v Hradci nad Moravic\u00ed \u00a0nav\u0161t\u00edvil jeden z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch skladatel\u016f\u00a0 Ludwig van Beethoven, jen\u017e slo\u017eil sv\u00e9 nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed symfonie, i kdy\u017e byl hluch\u00fd.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Geni\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b hudby<\/strong><\/p>\n

Symbolicky zde stoj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 i proslul\u00e1 opavsk\u00e1 C\u00edrkevn\u00ed konzervato\u0159. Jm\u00e9no si ulice vyslou\u017eila po skladateli, kter\u00fd se proslavil sv\u00fdmi d\u00edly a nav\u00edc faktem, \u017ee bravurn\u011b komponoval, p\u0159esto\u017ee ohluchl.<\/p>\n

Beethoven se narodil 17. prosince roku 1770 v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Bonnu. S hudbou jej poprv\u00e9 seznamoval jeho otec, kter\u00fd p\u016fsobil jako tenorista u kapely kol\u00ednsk\u00e9ho kurfi\u0159ta.<\/p>\n

Excelentn\u00ed pr\u016fpravu ale z\u00edskal nadan\u00fd Ludwig hlavn\u011b u dvorn\u00edch varhan\u00edk\u016f van Edena a B. Neefa. U\u017e roku 1783 vystoupil p\u0159ed publikem se \u0161esti klav\u00edrn\u00edmi son\u00e1tami. Jeho hudebn\u00ed kari\u00e9ra za\u017eila od t\u00e9 doby strm\u00fd vzestup. V roce 1785 se stal 3. dvorsk\u00fdm varhan\u00edkem kurfi\u0159tsk\u00e9 kapely.<\/p>\n

O dal\u0161\u00ed dva roky pozd\u011bji se vydal na studijn\u00ed cestu do V\u00eddn\u011b, a to k nikomu jin\u00e9mu ne\u017e k legend\u00e1rn\u00edmu Mozartovi. V roce 1792 u\u017e do V\u00eddn\u011b p\u0159es\u00eddlil definitivn\u011b, aby se zde u\u010dil u mistr\u016f jako Haydn, Albrechtsberger \u010di Salieri.<\/p>\n

Po t\u0159ech letech pak v rakousk\u00e9 metropoli p\u0159edvedl jako skladatel a pianista v jedn\u00e9 osob\u011b sv\u016fj koncert C\u00ad dur.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli byl Beethoven podle v\u0161eho lidov\u011b \u0159e\u010deno dubov\u00e1 palice, z\u00edskal si sv\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 sv\u00fdch budouc\u00edch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch mecen\u00e1\u0161\u016f. Mezi nimi byli Lobkovicov\u00e9, Razumov\u0161t\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na tak\u00e9 Lichnov\u0161t\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00fdm p\u00e1n\u016fm z\u00e1mku v Hradci nad Moravic\u00ed,<\/strong> konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pak kn\u00ed\u017eat\u016fm Karlu a Mo\u0159ici Lichnovsk\u00fdm, v\u011bnoval celou \u0159adu sv\u00fdch mistrovsk\u00fdch v\u00fdtvor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm hr\u00e1t nebudu!<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00e1m Beethoven nav\u0161t\u00edvil Hradec poprv\u00e9 v obdob\u00ed mezi \u010dervencem a \u0159\u00edjnem roku 1806. Bohu\u017eel se ov\u0161em b\u011bhem pobytu dostal do h\u00e1dky s kn\u00ed\u017eetem.<\/p>\n

Jablkem sv\u00e1ru se stala \u017e\u00e1dost kn\u00ed\u017eete, aby slovutn\u00fd skladatel nedobrovoln\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1dal koncert p\u0159ed pozvan\u00fdmi francouzsk\u00fdmi d\u016fstojn\u00edky. Jen\u017ee Beethoven, jen\u017e zprvu Napoleona respektoval, se po vojev\u016fdcov\u011b prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159em k n\u011bmu obr\u00e1til z\u00e1dy. Nem\u011bl tedy absolutn\u011b ani tu nejmen\u0161\u00ed chu\u0165 hr\u00e1t pro francouzsk\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n

Ura\u017een\u00fd Beethoven ze z\u00e1mku odjel a ubytoval se u sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele l\u00e9ka\u0159e A. Weisera v Heiderichov\u011b ulici v Opav\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jak p\u00ed\u0161e historik Josef Gebauer, zaslal pot\u00e9 Beethoven kn\u00ed\u017eeti na Hradec tento vzkaz: „Co jste vy, to jste n\u00e1hodou a zrozen\u00edm, co jsem j\u00e1, to jsem s\u00e1m sebou. Kn\u00ed\u017eat bylo a bude je\u0161t\u011b na tis\u00edce, Beethoven je jen jeden.“<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto se Ludwig na Hradec op\u011bt o n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji vr\u00e1til a v opavsk\u00e9m kostele svat\u00e9ho Ducha se z\u00fa\u010dastnil nav\u00edc proveden\u00ed sv\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 M\u0161e C\u00ad dur. I v t\u00e9 dob\u011b se ale projevila jeho ohniv\u00e1 povaha a do\u0161lo k pam\u00e1tn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se Beethovenovi natolik nel\u00edbilo nemotorn\u00e9 dirigov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159editele k\u016fru, \u017ee si uzmul taktovku pro sebe a koncert d\u00e1l \u0159\u00eddil s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Od n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku trp\u011bl Ludwig u\u0161n\u00ed chorobou a roku 1819 ohluchl docela. P\u0159esto d\u00e1l komponoval.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Beethovenova hluchota<\/strong><\/p>\n

Od sv\u00fdch 27 let Beethoven trp\u011bl poruchami sluchu. Tr\u00e1pil jej nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd tinitus (\u0161elest v uchu) a pron\u00e1sledoval skladatele tak intenzivn\u011b, \u017ee v\u00e1\u017en\u011b uva\u017eoval o sebevra\u017ed\u011b. Choroba sice n\u011bkdy na kr\u00e1tkou dobu polevila, ale pak n\u00e1sledovala obdob\u00ed, kdy um\u011blec trp\u011bl p\u0159i jak\u00e9mkoli siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zvuku intenzivn\u00edmi bolestmi v u\u0161\u00edch i bolestmi hlavy.<\/p>\n

V roce 1809 pob\u00fdval Beethoven ve V\u00eddni obl\u00e9han\u00e9 Napoleonem a p\u0159ed h\u0159m\u011bn\u00edm kanon\u00e1dy se musel uch\u00fdlit do sklepa, kde si zacp\u00e1val u\u0161i pol\u0161t\u00e1\u0159em. I pozd\u011bji si v hlu\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed ucp\u00e1val zvukovody smotky bavlny.<\/p>\n

V rann\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edval faktu, \u017ee lebe\u010dn\u00ed kosti vedou zvukov\u00e9 vlny do ucha l\u00e9pe ne\u017e vzduch. P\u0159i komponov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo hran\u00ed na klav\u00edr stiskl mezi zuby h\u016fl, jej\u00ed\u017e konec vzep\u0159el o ozvu\u010dnou desku klav\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Po 45. roce \u017eivota u\u017e Beethoven hudbu nesly\u0161el a pro komunikaci s okol\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edval \u201ekonverza\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1pisn\u00edky\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u0158ada otolog\u016f se shoduje v n\u00e1zoru, \u017ee trp\u011bl otoskler\u00f3zou.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed dny<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na p\u0159elomu roku 1826- 1827 byl u Beethovena p\u0159\u00edtomen t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt pob\u0159i\u0161nice, jen\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00fd ve fin\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1zi selh\u00e1n\u00ed jater. Mnoz\u00ed badatel\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt pob\u0159i\u0161nice za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu Beethovenovy smrti. V d\u016fsledku z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch proces\u016f v b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutin\u011b do\u0161lo u skladatele z\u0159ejm\u011b i k z\u00e1n\u011bti slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed a posti\u017een\u00ed ledvin.<\/p>\n

Navzdory v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu zdravotn\u00edmu stavu Beethoven i v posledn\u00edch dnech \u017eivota hodn\u011b psal, komponoval a p\u0159ij\u00edmal n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy. \u010casto se u n\u011bj zastavoval nap\u0159\u00edklad Franz Schubert. V\u0161em bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se skladatel\u016fv \u017eivot ch\u00fdl\u00ed ke konci. V\u00e1\u017enost situace vn\u00edmal i s\u00e1m Beethoven, kter\u00fd 24. b\u0159ezna 1827 souhlasil s t\u00edm, aby k n\u011bmu p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 povolali kn\u011bze a dostalo se mu posledn\u00edho pomaz\u00e1n\u00ed. O dva dny pozd\u011bji upadl do komatu a v pozdn\u00edch odpoledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch zem\u0159el.<\/p>\n

Jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu smrti v\u011bt\u0161ina odborn\u00edk\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed jater v d\u016fsledku alkoholick\u00e9 cirh\u00f3zy spole\u010dn\u011b se bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1n\u011btem pob\u0159i\u0161nice.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nen\u00ed mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00ed, \u017ee Opavsko a zejm\u00e9na z\u00e1mek v Hradci nad Moravic\u00ed \u00a0nav\u0161t\u00edvil jeden z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch skladatel\u016f\u00a0 Ludwig van Beethoven, jen\u017e slo\u017eil […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15088,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15067"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15067\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}