{"id":15779,"date":"2014-04-19T11:09:39","date_gmt":"2014-04-19T09:09:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=15779"},"modified":"2014-10-17T22:35:33","modified_gmt":"2014-10-17T20:35:33","slug":"socialne-hendikepovane-deti-se-mohou-v-bezne-skole-prosadit-jen-agresi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=15779","title":{"rendered":"„Soci\u00e1ln\u011b hendikepovan\u00e9 d\u011bti se mohou v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0161kole prosadit jen agres\u00ed“"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0158editel krajsk\u00e9 pedagogicko-psychologick\u00e9 poradny V\u00e1clav Mr\u0161t\u00edk pova\u017euje z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd um\u00eds\u0165uje d\u011bti do r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f \u0161kol podle IQ, za nesmysl: „M\u00e1 to na d\u011btsk\u00e9 kolektivy devastuj\u00edc\u00ed vliv,“\u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Podle iniciativy, kter\u00e1 vze\u0161la od starost\u016f na Hradecku a ke kter\u00e9 se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed starostov\u00e9 a \u0159editel\u00e9 \u0161kol po cel\u00e9 republice, rapidn\u011b ub\u00fdv\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1k\u016f na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch praktick\u00fdch. Hroz\u00ed jim tak z\u00e1nik. Jak se na to d\u00edv\u00e1 psycholog, kter\u00fd s takzvan\u011b probl\u00e9mov\u00fdmi d\u011btmi p\u0159es 40 let pracuje?<\/strong><\/p>\n

„Ministerstvo sice prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee nechce praktick\u00e9 \u0161koly ru\u0161it, ale ty samy zaniknou, proto\u017ee nebudou m\u00edt dostatek \u017e\u00e1k\u016f,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 V\u00e1clav Mr\u0161t\u00edk, \u0159editel Pedagogickopsychologick\u00e9 poradny Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9hradeck\u00e9ho kraje, „na z\u00e1klad\u011b nejednozna\u010dn\u00e9ho rozsudku soudu z druh\u00e9 strany Evropy n\u011bkdo rozhodl, \u017ee st\u00e1t diskriminuje Romy, proto\u017ee jim neumo\u017e\u0148uje vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Na ministerstvu proto vymysleli naprosto nesmysln\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium, kter\u00e9 se doufejme zase brzy zm\u011bn\u00ed. Zn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona je toti\u017e pape\u017et\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pape\u017e.“<\/p>\n

– Tak\u00e9 jste podepsal otev\u0159en\u00fd dopis ministrovi, kter\u00fd chce zastavit inkluzi, tedy za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami do z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol. Pro\u010d?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nem\u016f\u017eu \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee bych nesouhlasil s inkluz\u00ed, ale nesouhlas\u00edm se zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm se nyn\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1. Nesouhlas\u00edm s inkluz\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je posv\u011bcena jakousi legislativou a v\u016fbec nehled\u00ed na pot\u0159eby d\u011bt\u00ed. Je to n\u00e1siln\u00e1 akce, kter\u00e1 nevede k rozvoji \u017e\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, sp\u00ed\u0161e je brzd\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1v\u00e1 i v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti, proto\u017ee z t\u011bchto d\u011bt\u00ed se velice \u010dasto v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0161kole st\u00e1vaj\u00ed okrajov\u00e9 skupiny nebo klasi\u010dt\u00ed agreso\u0159i, proto\u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed je asi jedin\u00e1 oblast, ve kter\u00e9 mohou vyniknout.<\/p>\n

– Co si mysl\u00edte o tvrzen\u00ed neziskov\u00fdch organizac\u00ed, \u017ee umis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm do b\u00fdval\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0161kol spole\u010dnost diskriminuje romsk\u00e9 d\u011bti?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to pravda. A\u0165 d\u00e1my a p\u00e1nov\u00e9 z neziskovek uk\u00e1\u017eou jedin\u00e9ho Roma, kter\u00e9mu jsme zak\u00e1zali rovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Neexistuje takov\u00fd Rom, kter\u00e9mu by spole\u010dnost neumo\u017enila chodit do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Naopak existuje skupina Rom\u016f, a to je letit\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost, jejich\u017e rodi\u010de po n\u00e1s vylo\u017een\u011b cht\u011bj\u00ed, aby jejich d\u011bti chodily do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly praktick\u00e9. P\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed za n\u00e1mi s t\u00edm, abychom tyto d\u011bti za\u0159adili do \u0161koly, kde se nebudou moc u\u010dit a kde budou relativn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\n

– Jakou roli v tom hraje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho d\u011bti p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b ovliv\u0148uje mnohem v\u00edce, ne\u017e jsme si mysleli. Genetick\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost sice mo\u017en\u00e1 existuje, ale drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina v\u0161ech \u0161koln\u00edch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f i ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V rodin\u00e1ch je zakopan\u00fd pes. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee u n\u00e1s v poradn\u011b prakticky nem\u00e1me vietnamsk\u00e9 d\u011bti. Je to komunita, kter\u00e1 u n\u00e1s je 40 nebo 50 let, jejich d\u011bti um\u00ed perfektn\u011b \u010desky a etabluj\u00ed se jako velmi dob\u0159\u00ed studenti. Cik\u00e1ni jsou tady 500 let a mezi nimi studenti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nejsou, p\u0159itom maj\u00ed naprosto srovnateln\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n

– M\u016f\u017ee za to tedy hlavn\u011b rodina?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Roli hraje kultura, zp\u016fsob \u017eivota, priority. Kolik zn\u00e1te nap\u0159\u00edklad vrcholov\u00fdch romsk\u00fdch sportovc\u016f? Romsk\u00e9 d\u011bti jsou \u010dasto velmi pohybov\u011b nadan\u00e9, ale kdy\u017e maj\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt tvrd\u011b tr\u00e9novat, vydr\u017e\u00ed jen chvilku. My jsme pracovali nap\u0159\u00edklad s boxerem, kter\u00fd by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b byl ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010dce, ale kdy\u017e se dostal na evropskou, tak ode\u0161el, chyb\u011bla mu c\u00edlev\u011bdomost. P\u0159i\u0161el jsem do \u0161kolstv\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku 70. let a celou dobu se pot\u00fdk\u00e1me s probl\u00e9my se za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm romsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed do \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu tak, aby byly \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. To nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed rodiny, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny.<\/p>\n

– A jak\u00e9 to m\u00e1 pro probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 d\u011bti d\u016fsledky, kdy\u017e mus\u00ed chodit do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly, p\u0159esto\u017ee by podle v\u00e1s pot\u0159ebovaly speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kolu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je prok\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee pak stagnuj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m ment\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdvoji. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m se socializac\u00ed. V Hradci m\u00e1me nap\u0159\u00edklad jednu t\u0159\u00eddu, ve kter\u00e9 jsou dva opakovan\u00ed propadl\u00edci, co\u017e je j\u00e1dro pro \u0161ikanuj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. A nic se s t\u00edm ned\u00e1 d\u011blat. Ty d\u011bti nikde naza\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch, na sport jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou l\u00edn\u00ed a jedin\u00e1 oblast, ve kter\u00e9 se mohou prosadit, je n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Jak\u00fd to m\u00e1 vliv na celou t\u0159\u00eddu, na kolektiv?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Devastuj\u00edc\u00ed. U\u010ditel\u00e9 jsou podstatn\u011b d\u0159\u00edv vy\u010derpan\u00ed, \u00farove\u0148 znalost\u00ed a v\u011bdomost\u00ed u prakticky v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed kles\u00e1. A to je\u0161t\u011b nev\u00edme, jestli kv\u016fli tomu nekles\u00e1 tak\u00e9 \u00farove\u0148 cel\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b st\u0159edn\u00edho, a tud\u00ed\u017e i vysok\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

– Podle z\u00e1kona sm\u00ed nyn\u00ed do z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol praktick\u00fdch pouze d\u011bti, kter\u00fdm nam\u011b\u0159\u00edte lehkou \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardaci, \u010dili IQ 70.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ty podm\u00ednky jsou stanoven\u00e9 od stolu a naprosto nerespektuj\u00ed pedagogick\u00e9 a psychologick\u00e9 z\u00e1konitosti. Tv\u016frci pokynu se bez znalosti problematiky domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee psycholog je schopen \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 IQ, a kdy\u017e je toto \u010d\u00edslo o jeden bod vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nebo ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, tak d\u00edt\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed, nebo nepat\u0159\u00ed do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Kdy\u017e nam\u011b\u0159\u00edme d\u00edt\u011bti IQ 71, tak u\u017e nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo j\u00edt do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly praktick\u00e9, p\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00edme, \u017ee takov\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zvl\u00e1dnout z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kolu. Nav\u00edc chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho testu je plus minus 15 bod\u016f, tak\u017ee toto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt IQ v rozmez\u00ed 56 a\u017e 86 bod\u016f.<\/p>\n

– Jak by se tedy podle v\u00e1s m\u011bla stanovit krit\u00e9ria, podle kter\u00fdch se d\u00edt\u011b za\u0159ad\u00ed do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010di speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly?<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u011bli bychom se vr\u00e1tit k tomu p\u016fvodn\u00edmu, co fungovalo. D\u0159\u00edve z\u00e1kon \u0159\u00edkal, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b nen\u00ed schopn\u00e9 se s \u00fasp\u011bchem vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole vzhledem ke sv\u00fdm rozumov\u00fdch nedostatk\u016fm. Nehr\u00e1lo roli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo IQ. Tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b nebylo ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00e9, ale opakovan\u011b na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole selh\u00e1valo a opakovalo ro\u010dn\u00edk, byl to pro n\u00e1s ukazatel, \u017ee by m\u011blo j\u00edt do \u0161koly zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Co s t\u00edm? Pom\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bna z\u00e1kona?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ur\u010dit\u011b by to zklidnilo pedagogickou a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed situaci. Kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b opakovan\u011b selh\u00e1v\u00e1, pat\u0159\u00ed do z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly praktick\u00e9. T\u00edm, \u017ee se dostane do pozitivn\u00edho optim\u00e1ln\u00edho pedagogick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u00fdrazn\u011b se zlep\u0161\u00ed. M\u016fj pr\u016fzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee kdy\u017e se d\u00edt\u011b s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou inteligence, kolem IQ 70, za\u0159ad\u00ed do speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly, tak je v 9. t\u0159\u00edd\u011b na \u00farovni IQ 85 i v\u00edc.<\/p>\n

redak\u010dn\u011b kr\u00e1ceno, cel\u00fd rozhovor v dne\u0161n\u00edm vyd\u00e1n\u00ed MfD<\/p>\n

Mlad\u00e1 fronta DNES<\/a><\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: Flickr.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0158editel krajsk\u00e9 pedagogicko-psychologick\u00e9 poradny V\u00e1clav Mr\u0161t\u00edk pova\u017euje z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd um\u00eds\u0165uje d\u011bti do r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f \u0161kol podle IQ, za nesmysl: „M\u00e1 to na d\u011btsk\u00e9 kolektivy devastuj\u00edc\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rozhovory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15779","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15779"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15779\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15780"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}