{"id":16116,"date":"2014-05-14T09:31:05","date_gmt":"2014-05-14T07:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=16116"},"modified":"2014-05-14T09:33:11","modified_gmt":"2014-05-14T07:33:11","slug":"svedska-politika-nulove-tolerance-zvysuje-pocet-mrtvych-narkomanu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=16116","title":{"rendered":"\u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 politika nulov\u00e9 tolerance zvy\u0161uje po\u010dty mrtv\u00fdch narkoman\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0160v\u00e9dsko je sice hrd\u00e9 na to, \u017ee je jednou ze zem\u00ed Evropy, kde se spot\u0159ebuje nejm\u00e9n\u011b drog, ale jeho politika nulov\u00e9 tolerance m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t za zv\u00fd\u0161enou \u00famrtnost\u00ed mezi narkomany. P\u00ed\u0161e o tom agentura AFP.<\/strong><\/p>\n


\nS kokainem, ext\u00e1z\u00ed a dokonce i s marihuanou se na ulici nebo v no\u010dn\u00edch podnic\u00edch setk\u00e1te jen z\u0159\u00eddka. \u0160v\u00e9dsko p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b postihuje konzumaci drog od roku 1988. P\u0159edt\u00edm po dva roky zkou\u0161elo praktikovat tolerantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politiku, ta se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zala jako ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm c\u00edlem je spole\u010dnost bez neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch drog.<\/p>\n

„Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkem \u0159et\u011bzce je popt\u00e1vka ze strany individu\u00e1ln\u00edch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f,“ zd\u016fraz\u0148uje gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk N\u00e1rodn\u00edho sdru\u017een\u00ed pro spole\u010dnost bez drog (RNS) Per Johansson. „Nebudeme-li se soust\u0159e\u010fovat na popt\u00e1vku, nikdy proti obchodu s drogami nem\u016f\u017eeme \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b bojovat,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Skandin\u00e1vsk\u00e1 zem\u011b klade rovn\u011b\u017e d\u016fraz na prevenci a financuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 programy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na prevenci ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, dokonce i v mate\u0159sk\u00fdch. Spot\u0159eba drog mezi adolescenty ve v\u011bku od 15 do 16 let tu pat\u0159\u00ed k nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n

Podle Evropsk\u00e9ho monitorovac\u00edho centra pro drogy a drogovou z\u00e1vislost (EMCDDA) jen dev\u011bt procent \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f vyzkou\u0161elo marihuanu, zat\u00edmco v \u010cesku to je 42 procent, ve Francii 39 procent a ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, v Belgii a v Nizozemsku 25 procent.<\/p>\n

Nulov\u00e1 tolerance se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed podpo\u0159e obyvatelstva. Podle n\u00e1zoru poloviny \u0160v\u00e9d\u016f si dr\u017een\u00ed nebo p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed marihuany pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu zasluhuje trest v\u011bzen\u00ed, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ze studie \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho svazu narkoman\u016f. Pro 60 procent je nejlep\u0161\u00ed taktikou tot\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lka proti marihuan\u011b, kdy by byli p\u0159ekupn\u00edci i spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 pos\u00edl\u00e1ni do v\u011bzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

„Drogy byly v\u017edy pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za cosi ciz\u00edho, co nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti,“ konstatuje sociolog ze Stockholmsk\u00e9 univerzity B\u00f6rje Olsson, expert na boj s toxikomani\u00ed a alkoholismem.<\/p>\n

Podle EMCDDA je konzumace kokainu mezi \u0160v\u00e9dy ve v\u011bku od patn\u00e1cti do \u010dty\u0159ia\u0161edes\u00e1ti let roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena p\u011btkr\u00e1t m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e mezi \u0160pan\u011bly, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi spot\u0159ebiteli t\u00e9to drogy.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o spot\u0159ebu ext\u00e1ze, je ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a v Nizozemsku \u010dtrn\u00e1ctkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku.<\/p>\n

Jestli\u017ee m\u00e1 ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku policie podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee je n\u011bkter\u00e1 osoba pod vlivem drog, m\u016f\u017ee ji zatknout a donutit k testu. Pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek testu vede v\u011bt\u0161inou k tomu, \u017ee je doty\u010dn\u00fd postaven p\u0159ed soud.<\/p>\n

Podle ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch statistik tvo\u0159\u00ed polovinu v\u0161ech trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku konzumace drog.<\/p>\n

„St\u00e1v\u00e1me se se naprosto paranoidn\u00edmi,“ sv\u011b\u0159uje se \u010dlen Anonymn\u00edch kokainist\u016f. „Neust\u00e1le se pt\u00e1te: kdo je f\u00edzl v civilu?“<\/p>\n

Nulov\u00e1 tolerance sice omezila spot\u0159ebu drog, ale n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed experti vid\u00ed i odvr\u00e1cenou stranu mince.<\/p>\n

„Hodn\u011b se d\u011bl\u00e1 pro to, aby lid\u00e9 neza\u010d\u00ednali drogy u\u017e\u00edvat, ale vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 se m\u00e1lo prost\u0159edk\u016f na ty, kdo drogy u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b,“ soud\u00ed expert na omamn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky z univerzity v Malm\u00f6 Bj\u00f6rn Johnsson.<\/p>\n

V roce 2011 bylo ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku registrov\u00e1no dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edce \u00famrt\u00ed vyvolan\u00fdch drogami ne\u017e je evropsk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br. Podle EMCDDA tu na jeden milion obyvatel p\u0159ipadalo 35,5 \u00famrt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch drogami.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch 15 letech za\u010dala v\u011bt\u0161ina evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed praktikovat opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed injek\u010dn\u00edch st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek zdarma, aby se tak zamezilo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed viru HIV. Po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed klesl ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, v N\u011bmecku i v It\u00e1lii.<\/p>\n

Skupiny na podporu narkoman\u016f kritizuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro l\u00e9\u010dbu metadonem. \u0160v\u00e9dsko tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1lelo s realizac\u00ed programu v\u00fdm\u011bny injek\u010dn\u00edch st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek a jehel.<\/p>\n

M\u011bsta Lund a Malm\u00f6 byly dlouho v\u00fdjimkou se sv\u00fdmi programy v\u00fdm\u011bny injek\u010dn\u00edch st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek v 80. letech. Teprve v roce 2006 \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fd parlament schv\u00e1lil z\u00e1kon povoluj\u00edc\u00ed takov\u00e9 programy v\u0161em region\u016fm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Stockholm m\u00e1 takov\u00fd program teprve od lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku.<\/p>\n

Per Johansson jako velk\u00fd zast\u00e1nce nulov\u00e9 tolerance p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee \u0160v\u00e9dsko siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 narkomany opom\u00edj\u00ed. „Nestar\u00e1me se o star\u00e9 narkomany, kte\u0159\u00ed drog\u00e1m u\u017e zcela propadli,“ p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: jfg \/ sxc.hu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160v\u00e9dsko je sice hrd\u00e9 na to, \u017ee je jednou ze zem\u00ed Evropy, kde se spot\u0159ebuje nejm\u00e9n\u011b drog, ale jeho politika nulov\u00e9 tolerance m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t za […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14203,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16116"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16116\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}