{"id":16620,"date":"2014-06-24T16:32:37","date_gmt":"2014-06-24T14:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=16620"},"modified":"2014-06-24T16:32:37","modified_gmt":"2014-06-24T14:32:37","slug":"zruda-neni-sproste-slovo-ale-tragedie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=16620","title":{"rendered":"Zr\u016fda nen\u00ed sprost\u00e9 slovo, ale trag\u00e9die"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zn\u00e1m\u00fd gynekolog a porodn\u00edk MUDr. Radim Uzel, CSc. se postavil na obranu v\u011bdce Miroslava Mitl\u00f6hnera, jeho\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nek o t\u011b\u017ece po\u0161kozen\u00fdch novorozenc\u00edch vyvolal ostr\u00e9 reakce p\u0159edsedy posti\u017een\u00fdch Kr\u00e1sy i<\/span> ministryn\u011b Marksov\u00e9.\u00a0<\/strong> <\/p>\n

P\u00edchnut\u00edm do vos\u00edho hn\u00edzda bylo uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku JUDr. Miroslava Mitl\u00f6hnera K pr\u00e1vn\u00edm a etick\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm spojen\u00fdm s narozen\u00edm t\u011b\u017ece malformovan\u00e9ho jedince v internetov\u00e9m \u010casopise zdravotnick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va a bioetiky.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lokdy se toti\u017e stane, aby za diskusn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise byl jeho autor potrest\u00e1n okam\u017eitou ztr\u00e1tou m\u00edsta \u0159editele \u00dastavu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce Univerzity v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9 rady ministerstva pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed stihl po medi\u00e1ln\u00ed bou\u0159i odej\u00edt o chlup d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e by byl odvol\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ministryn\u011b Michaela Marksov\u00e1 (\u010cSSD) byla \u010dl\u00e1nkem „pobou\u0159ena“ a „nev\u011b\u0159ila sv\u00fdm o\u010d\u00edm, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9 v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b publikovat takov\u00fd text“. P\u0159edseda rady posti\u017een\u00fdch<\/span> V\u00e1clav Kr\u00e1sa \u010dl\u00e1nek ozna\u010dil za p\u0159\u00edklad „nacistick\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed“ a l\u00e9ka\u0159e za „n\u00e1sledovn\u00edky doktora Mengeleho“.<\/p>\n

P\u0159itom jde nepochybn\u011b o hlubok\u00e9 nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed. Osobn\u011b jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z kritik\u016f doty\u010dn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek ne\u010detl a v\u0161ichni se stali ob\u011bt\u00ed internetov\u00e9 \u0161tvanice, kterou dnes dok\u00e1\u017ee zorganizovat jeden anonymn\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk v pozad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00fd probl\u00e9m se toti\u017e v\u016fbec net\u00fdk\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch, za kter\u00e9 se stav\u00ed Marksov\u00e1, a u\u017e v\u016fbec ne t\u011blesn\u011b nebo du\u0161evn\u011b handicapovan\u00fdch jedinc\u016f, jejich\u017e organizaci zastupuje Kr\u00e1sa.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i jenom trochu pozorn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u010dten\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku snadno pochop\u00edme, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o monstra, \u010desky \u0159e\u010deno zr\u016fdy.<\/p>\n

Monstr\u00f3zn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 vrozen\u00e1 v\u00fdvojov\u00e1 vada toti\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 vzniknout jedinci, kter\u00fd je \u010dlov\u011bku nepodobn\u00fd, \u010dasto se podob\u00e1 nestv\u016f\u0159e, kter\u00e1 za st\u0159edov\u011bku budila hr\u016fzu a b\u00fdvala okam\u017eit\u011b likvidov\u00e1na, bohu\u017eel tehdy i s jej\u00ed ne\u0161\u0165astnou matkou. O t\u011bchto historick\u00fdch aspektech se ostatn\u011b JUDr. Mitl\u00f6hner ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku zmi\u0148uje a rozhodn\u011b nevol\u00e1 po n\u00e1vratu st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n

Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd porodn\u00edk m\u011bl mo\u017enost p\u0159iv\u00e9st na sv\u011bt podobnou p\u0159\u00ed\u0161eru. J\u00e1 s\u00e1m jsem porodil snad stovky d\u011bt\u00ed s roz\u0161t\u011bpem rtu, zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fdm po\u010dtem prst\u016f na ruce nebo na noze, s vrozenou srde\u010dn\u00ed vadou nebo roz\u0161t\u011bpem mo\u010dov\u00e9 roury.<\/p>\n

Za\u017eil jsem v\u0161ak bohu\u017eel tak\u00e9 porod novorozence bez hlavy (anencefalus) nebo v\u0161elijak\u00fdch srostlic (jedinci se dv\u011bma hlavami a jedn\u00edm t\u011blem, s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem kon\u010detin, nebo hlavu se t\u0159ema o\u010dima). V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se pak rozhodn\u011b neboj\u00edme ozna\u010den\u00ed „monstrum“, co\u017e latinsky znamen\u00e1 zr\u016fdu, nestv\u016fru. Zat\u00edmco ty prvn\u00ed vrozen\u00e9 vady lze dnes snadno operovat, zr\u016fdy nejsou schopny existence a zpravidla nep\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed n\u011bkolik hodin, nebo maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dn\u016f.<\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1v\u011b o t\u011bchto jedinc\u00edch pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 Mitl\u00f6hner\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek. Nejsou to d\u011bti, o kter\u00e9 i p\u0159i jejich t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch vrozen\u00fdch vad\u00e1ch rodi\u010de pe\u010duj\u00ed. Doslova p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee „v sou\u010dasnosti se tyto bytosti, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 vlastn\u00edmi rodi\u010di, izoluj\u00ed v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch \u00fastavech, stranou od ostatn\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f spole\u010dnosti“. Zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se medic\u00ednskou a filozofickou charakteristikou „lidstv\u00ed“.<\/p>\n

\u010clov\u011bka ch\u00e1pe jako jednotu nejen biofyzick\u00e9, ale i spole\u010densk\u00e9 bytosti a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed hledisko by m\u011blo \u010dlov\u011bka ch\u00e1pat v jednot\u011b obou t\u011bchto str\u00e1nek existence.<\/p>\n

Zejm\u00e9na v dob\u00e1ch, kdy neexistovala mo\u017enost ultrazvukov\u00e9ho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bhotn\u00fdch, p\u0159edstavoval pro n\u00e1s porod zr\u016fdy na porodn\u00edm s\u00e1le v\u017edycky v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 dilema. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00e9ho jedince za ka\u017edou cenu p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b snad nikdo jenom trochu rozumn\u00fd nevy\u017eadoval, i kdy\u017e takzvan\u00e1 pasivn\u00ed eutanazie, tedy „nicned\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed“, byla na hran\u011b z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n

Daleko obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavovala ot\u00e1zka, zda toto monstrum uk\u00e1zat matce, nebo j\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekou vrozenou vadu pouze ozn\u00e1mit. Tak\u00e9 tento probl\u00e9m inkriminovan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek JUDr. Mitl\u00f6hnera zmi\u0148uje. Nen\u00ed toti\u017e sporu, \u017ee matka rozhodn\u011b psychicky l\u00e9pe snese zpr\u00e1vu o mrtv\u011b narozen\u00e9m t\u011b\u017ece po\u0161kozen\u00e9m plodu ne\u017e pohled na hr\u016fzu bud\u00edc\u00ed zr\u016fdu, a nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed, co s n\u00ed. Ukon\u010den\u00ed \u017eivota tohoto jedince bez v\u011bdom\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f pak nep\u0159edstavuje „nacistick\u00e9 uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed“ podle Kr\u00e1sy, ale je projevem lidstv\u00ed a ohleduplnosti k rodi\u010d\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Dokonce i c\u00edrkevn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech na rozpac\u00edch a v\u00e1h\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm zr\u016fd\u00e1m p\u0159iznat charakter lidstv\u00ed. Povoluje toti\u017e jen takzvan\u00fd „podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd k\u0159est“: Jsi-li \u010dlov\u011bk, k\u0159t\u00edm t\u011b ve jm\u00e9nu Otce i Syna i Ducha svat\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Hrub\u00fdm nedorozum\u011bn\u00edm je tak\u00e9 podsouv\u00e1n\u00ed „povinnosti \u017eeny j\u00edt na potrat“, kdyby byl t\u011b\u017ece po\u0161kozen\u00fd plod ji\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn. O ni\u010dem takov\u00e9m zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek nehovo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Rozhodnut\u00ed je v\u017edycky na stran\u011b \u017eeny. Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce by m\u011bl pouze deklarovat povinnost tento z\u00e1krok uskute\u010dnit bez ohledu na d\u00e9lku t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

O nesporn\u011b choulostiv\u00e9 problematice zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi, \u017eivota neschopn\u00fdmi zr\u016fdami se opakovan\u011b diskutovalo v mnoha zahrani\u010dn\u00edch \u010dasopisech a tak\u00e9 na medic\u00ednsko-pr\u00e1vn\u00ed konferenci v Bratislav\u011b v roce 1983. Diskuse jist\u011b bude pokra\u010dovat a jsem r\u00e1d, \u017ee JUDr. Mitl\u00f6hner k tomu po t\u0159ech desetilet\u00edch op\u011bt dal podn\u011bt. \u0160koda jen, \u017ee to \u0161patn\u011b pochopil p\u0159edseda posti\u017een\u00fdch<\/span>, ministryn\u011b a dokonce i rektor univerzity.<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00e9ho jedince za ka\u017edou cenu p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b snad nikdo jenom trochu rozumn\u00fd nevy\u017eadoval<\/p>\n

Radim Uzel (Autor je gynekolog a porodn\u00edk)<\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: Ian Britton \/ FreeFoto<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zn\u00e1m\u00fd gynekolog a porodn\u00edk MUDr. Radim Uzel, CSc. se postavil na obranu v\u011bdce Miroslava Mitl\u00f6hnera, jeho\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nek o t\u011b\u017ece po\u0161kozen\u00fdch novorozenc\u00edch vyvolal ostr\u00e9 reakce p\u0159edsedy […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14135,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16620"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16620\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}