{"id":17154,"date":"2014-08-12T18:12:18","date_gmt":"2014-08-12T16:12:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=17154"},"modified":"2014-08-12T18:12:18","modified_gmt":"2014-08-12T16:12:18","slug":"nynejsi-epidemie-eboly-je-nejhorsi-v-historii-uz-tisicovka-obeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=17154","title":{"rendered":"Nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed epidemie eboly je nejhor\u0161\u00ed v historii, u\u017e tis\u00edcovka ob\u011bt\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje o virov\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ebola, jeho\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e1 epidemie si vy\u017e\u00e1dala u\u017e p\u0159es tis\u00edcovku ob\u011bt\u00ed…<\/strong>
\n– Ebola (t\u00e9\u017e krv\u00e1civ\u00e1 hore\u010dka) je jednou z nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chorob na sv\u011bt\u011b – je vysoce naka\u017eliv\u00e1 a \u00famrtnost na ni dosahuje a\u017e 90 procent. Neexistuje proti n\u00ed vakc\u00edna, a\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 se testuj\u00ed. „L\u00e9\u010dba“ spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jen v podp\u016frn\u00e9 terapii – rehydrataci pacienta, udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku a prokysli\u010den\u00ed a v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch infekc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Zp\u016fsobuje ji virus ebola, nazvan\u00fd podle \u0159eky Ebola v Kon\u017esk\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 republice (Kongo; d\u0159\u00edve Zair), kde byla tato nemoc v roce 1976 poprv\u00e9 identifikov\u00e1na. Epidemie tehdy propukla v kon\u017esk\u00e9 vesnici Yambuku a v Nza\u0159e v sousedn\u00edm S\u00fad\u00e1nu a zem\u0159elo na ni 431 ze 602 naka\u017een\u00fdch. Nov\u00fd virus tam objevil tehdy 27let\u00fd belgick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Peter Piot.<\/p>\n

– Diagnostika eboly je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, proto\u017ee prvotn\u00ed symptomy jsou neur\u010dit\u00e9, respektive p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 choroby. Nemocn\u00fd c\u00edt\u00ed slabost, bolesti sval\u016f, hlavy a v krku, m\u00e1 zarudl\u00e9 o\u010di, m\u016f\u017ee c\u00edtit bolest na hrudi a m\u00edt obt\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed a polyk\u00e1n\u00ed. Prov\u00e1z\u00ed ji n\u00e1hl\u00e1 hore\u010dka. Posl\u00e9ze se objev\u00ed zvracen\u00ed, pr\u016fjem, vyr\u00e1\u017eka a za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed selh\u00e1vat org\u00e1ny, nejprve ledviny a j\u00e1tra. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se objevuje vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010di vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Symptomy se mohou objevit dva a\u017e 21 dn\u016f po naka\u017een\u00ed. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se krv\u00ed, sekrety a t\u011blesn\u00fdmi tekutinami nemocn\u00e9ho; je t\u0159eba se proto vyvarovat nap\u0159\u00edklad i kontaktu s pou\u017eit\u00fdmi ru\u010dn\u00edky. \u010cast\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi jsou zdravotn\u00edci o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed nemocn\u00e9, pokud nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed rukavice, masky a ochrann\u00e9 br\u00fdle. \u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010dem viru n\u011bkdy a\u017e sedm t\u00fddn\u016f po uzdraven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– P\u0159irozen\u00fdmi hostiteli viru ebola jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i \u017eiv\u00edc\u00ed se ovocem. V Africe byly zdokumentov\u00e1ny tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady n\u00e1kazy p\u0159i kontaktu s uhynul\u00fdmi \u010di nemocn\u00fdmi opicemi, lesn\u00edmi antilopami \u010di dikobrazy.<\/p>\n

– V\u0161echny dosavadn\u00ed epidemie eboly postihly africk\u00fd kontinent. Nejv\u00edce ob\u011bt\u00ed (431) si vy\u017e\u00e1dal hned prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd v\u00fdskyt eboly v roce 1976 (v Kongu a S\u00fad\u00e1nu); druh\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det lid\u00ed (254) zabil virus eboly v roce 1995 rovn\u011b\u017e v Kongu, 224 osob j\u00ed podlehlo v roce 2000 v Ugand\u011b a zat\u00edm posledn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed epidemie eboly postihla v roce 2007 Kongo, kde na ni tehdy zem\u0159elo 187 lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 epidemie vypukla loni v prosinci v Guineji (\u017ee jde o ebolu bylo ozn\u00e1meno v b\u0159eznu) a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila se do Sierry Leone, Lib\u00e9rie a Nig\u00e9rie; dosud si vy\u017e\u00e1dala na 1013 ob\u011bt\u00ed, naka\u017eeno je p\u0159es 1800 osob.<\/p>\n

– Prvn\u00ed evropskou ob\u011bt\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 epidemii eboly se dnes stal \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd duchovn\u00ed Miguel Pajares, kter\u00fd byl minul\u00fd t\u00fdden evakuov\u00e1n z Lib\u00e9rie do madridsk\u00e9 nemocnice. Nepomohlo mu ani dosud neschv\u00e1len\u00e9 s\u00e9rum ZMapp, kter\u00e9 dostali i dva Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 rovn\u011b\u017e v Africe naka\u017een\u00ed ebolou a hospitalizovan\u00ed nyn\u00ed v USA. Jejich stav se ale po pod\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00e9ra \u00fadajn\u011b nad\u00e1le zlep\u0161uje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje o virov\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ebola, jeho\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e1 epidemie si vy\u017e\u00e1dala u\u017e p\u0159es tis\u00edcovku ob\u011bt\u00ed…<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17154"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17154\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}