{"id":18418,"date":"2014-11-16T10:34:10","date_gmt":"2014-11-16T09:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18418"},"modified":"2014-11-16T10:34:10","modified_gmt":"2014-11-16T09:34:10","slug":"sabatova-chci-povinny-rok-predskolniho-vzdelavani-v-materske-skole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18418","title":{"rendered":"\u0160abatov\u00e1: Chci povinn\u00fd rok p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kole"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ve spole\u010dnosti st\u00e1le panuj\u00ed obavy, \u017ee pokud se do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol dostanou d\u011bti s jak\u00fdmkoli znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm, kvalita vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee to nen\u00ed pravda, \u017ee spole\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9, p\u00ed\u0161e ombudsmanka.<br \/>\n<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Ve st\u0159edu uplynulo sedm let od rozhodnut\u00ed Velk\u00e9ho sen\u00e1tu Evropsk\u00e9ho soudu pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, kter\u00fd odsoudil \u010ceskou republiku za nep\u0159\u00edmou diskriminaci romsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed z Ostravska v p\u0159\u00edstupu ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u011bti byly nespr\u00e1vn\u011b za\u0159azeny do tehdej\u0161\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0161kol. Nem\u011bly <span class=\"highlight\">zdravotn\u00ed<\/span> posti\u017een\u00ed, p\u0159esto jim st\u00e1t poskytl m\u00e9n\u011b hodnotn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010cesk\u00e1 republika nedok\u00e1zala mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu soudu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d v 90. letech romsk\u00e9 d\u011bti na Ostravsku tvo\u0159ily 56-70 procent \u017e\u00e1k\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0161kol, a spor proto prohr\u00e1la. Od t\u00e9 doby je uveden\u00fd rozsudek \u00faheln\u00fdm kamenem ve\u0161ker\u00fdch debat o rovn\u00fdch \u0161anc\u00edch ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice.<\/p>\n<p>Z v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd v roce 2012 provedl m\u016fj p\u0159edch\u016fdce Pavel Varva\u0159ovsk\u00fd v 67 n\u00e1hodn\u011b vybran\u00fdch b\u00fdval\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, vyplynulo, \u017ee rom\u0161t\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci jsou v t\u011bchto \u0161kol\u00e1ch zastoupeni v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce, ne\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zastoupen\u00ed Rom\u016f ve spole\u010dnosti (32, resp. 35 procent romsk\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f ve zkouman\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n<p>Ochr\u00e1nce tehdy konstatoval, \u017ee neexistuje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed, podle kter\u00e9ho by u jednoho etnika existovala v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra v\u00fdskytu lehk\u00e9 ment\u00e1ln\u00ed retardace ne\u017e u zbytku populace, a dovodil nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tu v\u016f\u010di romsk\u00fdm d\u011btem. \u010cesk\u00e1 \u0161koln\u00ed inspekce pak v roce 2013 zjistila podobn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek &#8211; 28,2 procenta \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se vzd\u011bl\u00e1vali v redukovan\u00e9m programu, byly romsk\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/p>\n<p>Jedna z p\u0159\u00ed\u010din t\u011bchto vysok\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel tkv\u00ed v nejednotn\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed diagnostick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f (test\u016f). V odborn\u00fdch kruz\u00edch se del\u0161\u00ed dobu v\u011bd\u011blo o tom, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed bylo v poradensk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1no za lehk\u00e9 ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed. Politick\u00e1 reprezentace byla cel\u00fdch sedm let po vynesen\u00ed rozsudku pasivn\u00ed a de facto necht\u011bla probl\u00e9m diskriminace ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it. Situace se v\u00fdrazn\u011b nelep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdrazn\u00fdm krokem vp\u0159ed by mohla b\u00fdt novela \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, kterou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna. M\u011bla by s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2016 zav\u00e9st syst\u00e9m bezplatn\u00fdch podp\u016frn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami. Smysl novinky tkv\u00ed v tom, \u017ee v budoucnu u\u017e nebude kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 diagn\u00f3za d\u00edt\u011bte (posti\u017een\u00ed, znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed apod.), ale m\u00edra podpory, kterou m\u00e1 \u0161kola d\u00edt\u011bti s pomoc\u00ed st\u00e1tu zajistit (nap\u0159\u00edklad v podob\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00edch u\u010debn\u00edch pom\u016fcek, individu\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho pl\u00e1nu \u010di asistenta pedagoga). Novela mimo jin\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u00ed i mo\u017enost p\u0159ezkumu zpr\u00e1v z poradensk\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Bude segregace pokra\u010dovat?<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak nesta\u010d\u00ed: mus\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. St\u00e1t by m\u011bl prov\u00e9st reformu financov\u00e1n\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Je paradoxn\u00ed, \u017ee nejv\u00edce prost\u0159edk\u016f dnes st\u00e1t investuje pr\u00e1v\u011b do \u0161kol, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed na \u017e\u00e1ky podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky. Pokud se tent\u00fd\u017e \u017e\u00e1k bude vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat ve \u0161kole hlavn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho proudu, nedostane se mu od st\u00e1tu takov\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed podpory, p\u0159esto\u017ee lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee mu pr\u00e1v\u011b tato \u0161kola zajist\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena, \u017ee uplatn\u011bn\u00ed na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch naleznou i pedagogi\u010dt\u00ed pracovn\u00edci speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol. Jejich know-how a letit\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti z pr\u00e1ce se znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00fdmi d\u011btmi mohou b\u00fdt pro \u0161koly velk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem. St\u00e1t by m\u011bl investovat pen\u00edze do sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu d\u011bt\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol a tak\u00e9 zamezit person\u00e1ln\u00edmu propojen\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol a poradensk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jde o st\u0159et z\u00e1jm\u016f. K tomuto kroku se ostatn\u011b \u010cesk\u00e1 republika zav\u00e1zala i p\u0159ed V\u00fdborem ministr\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Ani sebelep\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kon a snaha st\u00e1tu nezajist\u00ed rovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud se nezm\u011bn\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed lid\u00ed: v\u0161ichni si mus\u00edme uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, ne ka\u017ed\u00fd se stane <span class=\"highlight\">l\u00e9ka\u0159em<\/span> \u010di in\u017een\u00fdrem, ale na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u017eivota by st\u00e1t m\u011bl v\u0161em d\u011btem garantovat stejnou \u0161anci.<\/p>\n<p>Je tu i velk\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed dluh \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu v\u016f\u010di rodi\u010d\u016fm \u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f. Ve spole\u010dnosti st\u00e1le panuj\u00ed obavy, \u017ee pokud se do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol dostanou d\u011bti s jak\u00fdmkoli znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm, kvalita vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee to nen\u00ed pravda, \u017ee spole\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edklad\u016f dobr\u00e9 praxe je i v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice cel\u00e1 \u0159ada.<\/p>\n<p>Ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm pro vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohlo situaci radik\u00e1ln\u011b posunout k lep\u0161\u00edmu, je povinn\u00fd rok p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kole. Novela \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona v\u0161ak tuto mo\u017enost neobsahuje, by\u0165 to vl\u00e1da p\u0159isl\u00edbila V\u00fdboru ministr\u016f Rady Evropy.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee jsem p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b novely z\u00e1kona doporu\u010dovala, aby byl povinn\u00fd rok p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zaveden u\u017e od 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2016, nevysly\u0161eli mne ani ministr \u0161kolstv\u00ed, ani premi\u00e9r Bohuslav Sobotka. Ti uva\u017euj\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edve o datu 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2017.<\/p>\n<p>Budu proto usilovat o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed podpory pro sv\u00e9 doporu\u010den\u00ed v Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b. Dva roky jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouh\u00e1 doba pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edst v mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch pro p\u0159ed\u0161kol\u00e1ky. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 odm\u00edt\u00e1m, aby bylo p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed realizov\u00e1no jako zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed &#8222;p\u0159\u00edpravka&#8220;, jak zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed ministerstvo.<\/p>\n<p>Rozd\u011blit d\u011bti do dvou typ\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kdy jedno z nich je spojeno se soci\u00e1ln\u00edm znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm, je z\u00e1rukou pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed segregace. Spole\u010denskou soudr\u017enost zajist\u00ed jen spole\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed od nej\u00fatlej\u0161\u00edho v\u011bku v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kole.<\/p>\n<p>ANNA \u0160ABATOV\u00c1, ombudsmanka<\/p>\n<table class=\"docHdrTable\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"docHdrNavesti\"><\/td>\n<td>Lidov\u00e9 noviny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Ve spole\u010dnosti st\u00e1le panuj\u00ed obavy, \u017ee pokud se do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol dostanou d\u011bti s jak\u00fdmkoli znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00edm, kvalita vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee to <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18418\" title=\"\u0160abatov\u00e1: Chci povinn\u00fd rok p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kole\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14848,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18418\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}