{"id":18529,"date":"2014-11-24T10:38:39","date_gmt":"2014-11-24T09:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18529"},"modified":"2014-11-24T10:45:44","modified_gmt":"2014-11-24T09:45:44","slug":"o-kvalite-zivota-ceskych-senioru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18529","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1me v\u00edce spokojen\u00fdch senior\u016f \u2013 42 %, ne\u017e nespokojen\u00fdch \u2013 24 %"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017divotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, pot\u0159eby a z\u00e1jmy star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed, jejich spokojenost se \u017eivotem bylo t\u00e9ma rozhovoru Hal\u00f3 novin se sociologem Lubom\u00edrem Vackem.<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: Geert MorgueFile<\/em><\/p>\n

* Na\u0161e star\u0161\u00ed generace je st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji centrem pozornosti. Nen\u00ed to i proto, \u017ee j\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1?<\/p>\n

Dodal bych, \u017ee je to i proto, \u017ee je st\u00e1le v\u00edce informac\u00ed, jak senio\u0159i \u017eij\u00ed, informac\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch, z objektivn\u00edch statistik i z realizovan\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. T\u011bmi podstatn\u00fdmi se zab\u00fdvala za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u0159\u00edjna mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konference na t\u00e9ma \u00bbKvalita \u017eivota \u010desk\u00fdch senior\u016f\u00ab, kterou ve sn\u011bmovn\u011b po\u0159\u00e1dala Rada senior\u016f \u010cR. K situaci star\u0161\u00ed generace byly realizov\u00e1ny i rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy Klubu spole\u010densk\u00fdch v\u011bd, posledn\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed je z l\u00e9ta tohoto roku. Data o seniorech jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1na ostatn\u011b ve v\u0161ech sociologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech \u2013 komer\u010dn\u00edch i akademick\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

– Ale od za\u010d\u00e1tku. Mezi lidmi se hovo\u0159\u00ed o kvalit\u011b \u017eivota senior\u016f r\u016fzn\u011b, ka\u017ed\u00fd ji posuzuje podle sv\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtek. Nen\u00ed to pravda?<\/p>\n

Jist\u011b, je to pravda, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy podle sv\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed a podle materi\u00e1ln\u00edho zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. A nejen to, i podle bydlen\u00ed, pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu, podle vztahu k lidem\u2026<\/p>\n

– Za\u010dn\u011bme t\u00edm, jak se sami senio\u0159i c\u00edt\u00ed. Zdrav\u00edm\u2026<\/p>\n

Sv\u016fj zdravotn\u00ed<\/span> stav hodnot\u00ed senio\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161inou \u2013 z 55 procent \u2013 jako dobr\u00fd nebo vcelku dobr\u00fd. S v\u011bkem p\u0159irozen\u011b pozitivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed kles\u00e1. Senio\u0159i nad 80 let ho takto hodnot\u00ed pouze z 37 procent. Ukazuje se, \u017ee nejsou podstatn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi mu\u017ei a \u017eenami, ale d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho<\/span> stavu senior\u016f hraje jejich p\u016fvodn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. Negativn\u00ed se projevuje zejm\u00e9na u d\u0159\u00edve fyzicky pracuj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

– A co kvalita \u017eivota senior\u016f podle jejich ekonomick\u00e9 situace?<\/p>\n

To je nejhor\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nka cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota senior\u016f. Svoje ekonomick\u00e9 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed hodnot\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina senior\u016f \u2013 63 procent \u2013 sice jako pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9, ale pr\u016fm\u011br nen\u00ed dobr\u00fd. Pouze desetina m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee jejich ekonomick\u00e1 situace je dobr\u00e1, a \u010dtvrtina ji pova\u017euje za \u0161patnou.<\/p>\n

– Jsou tedy, pokud jde o hodnocen\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, podle zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly?<\/p>\n

Dokonce propastn\u00e9 a je\u0161t\u011b se prohlubuj\u00ed. \u017divotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 senior\u016f je siln\u011b odvozena od v\u00fd\u0161e jejich p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, tedy d\u016fchod\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdd\u011blk\u016f. P\u0159\u00edjmy nad 20 tis\u00edc K\u010d p\u0159iznala v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu jen \u010dty\u0159i procenta dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch, p\u0159\u00edjmy do deseti tis\u00edc K\u010d uvedlo 38 procent dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch. P\u0159\u00edjmov\u011b nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinou jsou pak seniorky nad 80 let.<\/p>\n

– To v\u0161echno jsou ale \u00fadaje subjektivn\u00edho charakteru, tak jak je sd\u011bluj\u00ed dot\u00e1zan\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9\u2026<\/p>\n

Ano, jist\u011b. Je v\u0161ak pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 data se s t\u011bmi objektivn\u00edmi, nap\u0159. ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch statistik o zdravotn\u00edm<\/span> stavu \u010di ekonomick\u00e9 \u00farovni, velice shoduj\u00ed, a t\u00edm dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed punc spr\u00e1vnosti.<\/p>\n

– Poj\u010fme d\u00e1l. Ke kvalit\u011b \u017eivota pat\u0159\u00ed bydlen\u00ed, je jednou ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pot\u0159eb \u010dlov\u011bka. Jak tady respondenti odpov\u00eddali?<\/p>\n

Vazba senior\u016f na sv\u016fj byt je podstatn\u00fdm znakem kvality jejich \u017eivota \u2013 82 procent jich zde tr\u00e1v\u00ed sv\u016fj odpo\u010dinek a voln\u00fd \u010das. Z r\u016fzn\u00fdch statistick\u00fdch dat v\u00edme, \u017ee v\u00edce jak polovina senior\u016f bydl\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm dom\u011b \u010di byt\u011b, ale velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u017eije v n\u00e1jemn\u00edch a st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b v dru\u017estevn\u00edch bytech.<\/p>\n

– Nejde o v\u00edc? O to, jak jsou senio\u0159i spokojeni s bydlen\u00edm, a tak\u00e9 jakou maj\u00ed jistotu bydlen\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Spokojenost senior\u016f s bydlen\u00edm je sice na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni, vyjad\u0159uje ji 85 procent dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch. Av\u0161ak t\u0159etina senior\u016f m\u00e1 o sv\u00e9 bydlen\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 obavy, hlavn\u011b z vyst\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed a ze zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1jm\u016f. A to nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9. K tomu p\u0159istupuj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b jin\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee v\u00edce jak t\u0159etina senior\u016f a zejm\u00e9na seniorek \u017eije v byt\u011b sama, nad 80 let to je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina. To se p\u0159irozen\u011b prom\u00edt\u00e1 do \u00farovn\u011b, ale i stylu jejich \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

– Nepat\u0159\u00ed ke spokojenosti lid\u00ed i nemateri\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nky jejich \u017eivota?<\/p>\n

Jist\u011b, \u017eivot se neskl\u00e1d\u00e1 jen z pen\u011bz a bydlen\u00ed. \u0158ekl bych, \u017ee se jeho kvalita postupn\u011b a pomalu p\u0159esouv\u00e1 do duchovn\u00ed, do kulturn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eit\u00ed. I u senior\u016f se zprost\u0159edkovan\u011b prom\u00edt\u00e1 do pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jejich z\u00e1lib a z\u00e1jm\u016f. Je nap\u0159\u00edklad zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrtina senior\u016f tr\u00e1v\u00ed hodn\u011b \u010dasu na chat\u011b nebo chalup\u011b, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z velkom\u011bst.<\/p>\n

– Lze \u0159\u00edci, jak\u00fdm \u010dinnostem se senio\u0159i v\u011bnuj\u00ed? A tedy co obohacuje kvalitu jejich \u017eivota?<\/p>\n

Pokud u senior\u016f lze hovo\u0159it o voln\u00e9m \u010dase, pak ten tvo\u0159\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou \u0161k\u00e1lu z\u00e1jm\u016f, kon\u00ed\u010dk\u016f a z\u00e1lib. Mezi nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed zahradni\u010den\u00ed, t\u0159etina seniorsk\u00e9 populace se v\u011bnuje zahr\u00e1dce, od kyti\u010dek a\u017e po zel\u00ed a ryb\u00edz. Ukazuje se, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce na zahrad\u011b je mezi seniory i p\u0159es jejich vysok\u00fd v\u011bk nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed.
\nDruhou obl\u00edbenou \u010dinnost\u00ed senior\u016f je \u010detba knih, \u010dasopis\u016f, tisku i lu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eovek. V\u00fdraznou z\u00e1libou lid\u00ed v seniorsk\u00e9m v\u011bku je dnes cestov\u00e1n\u00ed a turistika, kter\u00e9 se v\u011bnuje p\u011btina dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch.
\nT\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011btina dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila sv\u016fj z\u00e1jem o sledov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm televizn\u00edch po\u0159ad\u016f. M\u00e9n\u011b ji\u017e rozhlasu. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee sledov\u00e1n\u00ed televize, podobn\u011b jako \u010detba knih, v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku seniory realizovan\u00fdch z\u00e1lib za posledn\u00ed l\u00e9ta m\u00edrn\u011b klesla. Naopak sportov\u00e1n\u00ed a cvi\u010den\u00ed v\u0161eho druhu mezi seniory z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na oblib\u011b.<\/p>\n

– Nen\u00ed tento \u0161irok\u00fd z\u00e1b\u011br, rozsah z\u00e1jm\u016f, pozoruhodn\u00fd?<\/p>\n

A to je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fd\u010det nekon\u010d\u00ed. V\u00edce senior\u016f ne\u017e p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety vyj\u00e1d\u0159ilo, \u017ee se v\u011bnuj\u00ed sebevzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kontakt\u016fm s p\u0159\u00e1teli. Rovn\u011b\u017e chov zv\u00ed\u0159at zaznamenal v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b mezi seniory vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem a dostal se mezi prvn\u00edch deset z\u00e1lib. N\u00e1sleduje p\u0159ehled celkem \u010dty\u0159 des\u00edtek r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, jim\u017e se senio\u0159i ve voln\u00e9m \u010dase v\u011bnuj\u00ed: \u017eeny ru\u010dn\u00edm prac\u00edm, mu\u017ei kutilstv\u00ed a pr\u00e1ci v d\u00edln\u011b, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1m kulturn\u00edch akc\u00ed, mnoz\u00ed maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem i o politiku, po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, sb\u011bratelstv\u00ed, \u00fa\u010dast na sout\u011b\u017e\u00edch, myslivost, fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– A co vztahy mezi lidmi v okol\u00ed, kde senio\u0159i \u017eij\u00ed?<\/p>\n

To nen\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed. Dokazuje to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm praxe, ale i v\u00fdzkumy. Ukazuje se sice, \u017ee podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st, v\u00edce jak polovina seniorsk\u00e9 populace nem\u00e1 pocit jak\u00e9koli \u00fajmy nebo poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Av\u0161ak ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00fatlak nebo dokonce n\u00e1sil\u00ed \u010di vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ece jen poci\u0165uje v\u00edce jak \u010dtvrtina dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch senior\u016f, nikoli v rodinn\u00e9m nebo sousedsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale ze strany lid\u00ed mimo sv\u00e9 bl\u00edzk\u00e9 okol\u00ed. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00e9 pocity maj\u00ed nejv\u00edce obyvatel\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n

– A jak\u00fd je naopak vztah senior\u016f k jejich potomk\u016fm, k rodin\u011b?<\/p>\n

M\u00e1m za to, \u017ee velice kladn\u00fd. Ukazuje se, \u017ee \u00bbd\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9 a babi\u010dky\u00ab ze v\u0161eho nejv\u00edce pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdchov\u011b nebo hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed vnou\u010dat, a to pln\u00fdch 44 procent z nich. Pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st senior\u016f pom\u00e1h\u00e1 d\u011btem finan\u010dn\u011b a jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ln\u00edmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n

– Neplyne z toho, \u017ee vztah senior\u016f k mlad\u00e9 generaci nen\u00ed \u0161patn\u00fd?<\/p>\n

Ne\u0159ekl bych, \u017ee tento vztah je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, v\u00edce jak polovina dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch m\u00e1 v\u0161ak s mladou generac\u00ed dobr\u00e9 vztahy a zku\u0161enosti. Mnoz\u00ed senio\u0159i, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159etina, m\u00e1 ale s ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed rozporn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Ukazuje se, \u017ee ve m\u011bst\u011b jsou vztahy hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na venkov\u011b.<\/p>\n

– A kone\u010dn\u011b: Jsou senio\u0159i se sv\u00fdm \u017eivotem spokojeni?<\/p>\n

Jak kdo, hodnocen\u00ed nazna\u010duje pon\u011bkud lep\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br spokojenosti senior\u016f se \u017eivotem, tedy t\u00edm minul\u00fdm i dne\u0161n\u00edm. P\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno je jich v\u00edce spokojeno \u2013 42 procent, ne\u017e nespokojeno \u2013 24 procent. Ostatn\u00ed, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159etina, 34 procent, uvedli \u00bbz\u010d\u00e1sti ano, z\u010d\u00e1sti ne\u00ab. Spokojenost se \u017eivotem kles\u00e1 s v\u011bkem. Pon\u011bkud spokojen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou mu\u017ei ne\u017e \u017eeny. Logiku m\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podstatn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spokojenosti u senior\u016f s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. Diference ve spokojenosti senior\u016f se sv\u00fdm \u017eivotem jsou odrazem diferenc\u00ed v cel\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. A to se tak\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v n\u00e1zorech star\u0161\u00ed generace na jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed. Jen desetina senior\u016f si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee jejich pot\u0159eb\u00e1m je v\u011bnov\u00e1na n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e1 pozornost, a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina zast\u00e1v\u00e1 negativn\u00ed n\u00e1zor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nHal\u00f3 noviny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u017divotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, pot\u0159eby a z\u00e1jmy star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed, jejich spokojenost se \u017eivotem bylo t\u00e9ma rozhovoru Hal\u00f3 novin se sociologem Lubom\u00edrem Vackem.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rozhovory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18529\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}