{"id":18627,"date":"2014-11-28T09:03:00","date_gmt":"2014-11-28T08:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18627"},"modified":"2014-11-28T09:03:00","modified_gmt":"2014-11-28T08:03:00","slug":"v-ordinaci-ocniho-lekare-jak-se-orientovat-v-odbornych-nazvech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18627","title":{"rendered":"V ordinaci o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e: jak se orientovat v odborn\u00fdch n\u00e1zvech?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tupozrakost, kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost a astigmatismus \u2013 to jsou ne\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vady, kter\u00fdmi lid\u00e9 trp\u00ed. Jen v\u00a0\u010cesku jich je kolem \u0161esti milion\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich ale nev\u00ed, co se pod n\u00e1zvem nemoci vlastn\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1.<\/span><\/strong> <\/b><\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: marin \/ FreeDigitalPhotos<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Podle studie Evropsk\u00e9 unie dokonce diagn\u00f3ze nerozum\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u00e1t\u00fd pacient, 80 procent ch\u00e1pe jen jej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ne v\u0161echny o\u010dn\u00ed vady jsou nutn\u011b spojeny s\u00a0v\u011bkem. Naopak. D\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed se zrakem probl\u00e9my, st\u00e1le p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1. Jen v \u010cesku trp\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vadou ka\u017ed\u00e9 dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b ve v\u011bku do \u010dty\u0159 let. <\/span><\/span>\u201eU d\u011bt\u00ed se zpravidla vyskytuj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vady jako u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. Vadou, kter\u00e1 se v\u00a0d\u011btsk\u00e9m v\u011bku objevuje \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, je \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud se o\u010dn\u00ed vada odhal\u00ed v\u010das, je mo\u017en\u00e9 ji snadn\u011bji napravit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad <\/span><\/span><\/span>tupozrakost je zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed jednoho oka vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se u\u017e od narozen\u00ed v d\u016fsledku toho, \u017ee mozek oko dostate\u010dn\u011b nezapoj\u00ed<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Vid\u011bn\u00ed lze zlep\u0161it jen v d\u011btstv\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00edm o\u010d\u00ed, v dosp\u011blosti ji\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ovlivnit nelze. V\u00a0dosp\u011blosti lze na tupozrak\u00e9m oku odstranit dioptrie, ale toto oko u\u017e nav\u017edy z\u016fstane slab\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Tupozrak\u00fdch je asi p\u011bt procent \u010cech\u016f. Ti nap\u0159\u00edklad nikdy neuvid\u00ed 3D film v\u00a0pln\u00e9 kvalit\u011b, proto\u017ee nejsou schopni sledovat film ob\u011bma o\u010dima stejn\u011b<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span> vysv\u011btli Pavel Stod\u016flka, p\u0159ednosta s\u00edt\u011b o\u010dn\u00edch klinik Gemini. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm velmi \u010dast\u00fdm vad\u00e1m zraku pat\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost, astigmatismus a vetchozrakost. Kr\u00e1tkozrakost p\u0159edstavuje zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed do d\u00e1lky. <\/b><\/span><\/span>Zp\u016fsobuje ji p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst o\u010dn\u00edho bulbu, paprsky sv\u011btla se pak nespojuj\u00ed v nejost\u0159ej\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b na s\u00edtnici, n\u00fdbr\u017e p\u0159ed n\u00ed. S\u00a0p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem se m\u016f\u017ee vada zhor\u0161ovat. <\/span><\/span>Kr\u00e1tkozrakost b\u00fdv\u00e1 u 70 procent pacient\u016f kombinov\u00e1na s astigmatismem.<\/b><\/span><\/span> Ten stejn\u011b jako kr\u00e1tkozrakost zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed do d\u00e1lky, ale vznik\u00e1 kv\u016fli \u0161patn\u00e9mu zak\u0159iven\u00ed rohovky. <\/span><\/span>Naopak<\/b><\/span><\/span> dalekozrakost je zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bna nedostate\u010dnou d\u00e9lkou o\u010dn\u00edho bulbu.<\/b><\/span><\/span> Paprsky sv\u011btla se pak spojuj\u00ed a\u017e za s\u00edtnic\u00ed. <\/span><\/span>Posledn\u00ed velmi \u010dastou vadou je vetchozrakost. <\/b><\/span><\/span>Lid\u00e9 trp\u00edc\u00ed t\u00edmto onemocn\u011bn\u00edm vid\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed, proto\u017ee nejsou schopni zaost\u0159it do bl\u00edzka. Tato vada se nej\u010dast\u011bji objevuje od 40. roku v\u011bku.<\/span><\/span> O\u010dn\u00ed vady je mo\u017en\u00e9 korigovat br\u00fdlemi, kontaktn\u00edmi \u010do\u010dkami, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zcela odstranit laserovou operac\u00ed nebo implantac\u00ed nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bez br\u00fdl\u00ed se neobejde t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina \u010cech\u016f. Jak si ale vybrat ty spr\u00e1vn\u00e9?<\/b><\/span><\/span> \u201e<\/span><\/span><\/span>Lid\u00e9 by jist\u011b nem\u011bli br\u00fdle kupovat na internetu nebo v\u00a0drog\u00e9ri\u00edch. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 oko m\u00e1 toti\u017e sv\u00e9 parametry, kter\u00e9 se mus\u00ed skloubit tak, aby br\u00fdle vyhovovaly a dob\u0159e sed\u011bly<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u201c <\/span><\/span><\/span>uvedl Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/span><\/span> P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru br\u00fdl\u00ed je tak\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 zohlednit o\u010dn\u00ed vadu.<\/b><\/span><\/span> S\u00a0monofok\u00e1ln\u00edmi dioptrick\u00fdmi skly vid\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk dob\u0159e jen na jednu vzd\u00e1lenost, tedy do d\u00e1lky \u010di na \u010dten\u00ed. Bifok\u00e1ln\u00ed br\u00fdle se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed ze skla, v\u00a0jeho\u017e spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti je ok\u00e9nko, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje dioptrie na \u010dten\u00ed, horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pak pacienti vid\u00ed dob\u0159e do d\u00e1lky. Na st\u0159edn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jin\u00e9 br\u00fdle. Posledn\u00ed jsou multifok\u00e1ln\u00ed skla. Ta umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed do d\u00e1lky, na po\u010d\u00edta\u010d i na \u010dten\u00ed. Sklo je plynul\u00e9, p\u0159echod dioptri\u00ed nen\u00ed pouh\u00fdm okem viditeln\u00fd. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 je ale \u0161patn\u011b sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, mohou vyvol\u00e1vat bolesti hlavy. <\/span><\/span>\u201ePodobn\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed jako br\u00fdle maj\u00ed i nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky, kter\u00e9 b\u011bhem \u0161etrn\u00e9 a bezbolestn\u00e9 operace chirurg pacientovi implantuje do oka a zbav\u00ed ho t\u00edm o\u010dn\u00ed vady,\u201c <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>doplnil Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161iny o\u010dn\u00edch vad mohou b\u00fdt laserov\u00e9 operace. <\/b><\/span><\/span>Ty jsou d\u00edky rychl\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji technologi\u00ed st\u00e1le rychlej\u0161\u00ed, bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed modern\u00ed lasery umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161etrn\u011b odstranit o\u010dn\u00ed vady jako kr\u00e1tkozrakost nebo dalekozrakost v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017en\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed s\u00a0astigmatismem b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo minut.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e<\/span>Novinkou je metoda LASIK ReLEx Smile ur\u010den\u00e1 v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro korekci kr\u00e1tkozrakosti.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> Jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhoda spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee 3D femtosekundov\u00fd laser odstran\u00ed dioptrie pod povrchem rohovky. Laserem odd\u011blenou tk\u00e1\u0148 potom chirurg vyjme miniaturn\u00edm otvorem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zm\u011bn\u00ed zak\u0159iven\u00ed rohovky a koriguje se o\u010dn\u00ed vada. To p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm celkovou <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0161etrnost z\u00e1kroku a minim\u00e1ln\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed rohovky. Velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 je d\u00edky miniaturn\u00edmu \u0159ezu tak\u00e9 riziko infekce<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u201c <\/span><\/span><\/span>popsal Pavel Stod\u016flka.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tupozrakost, kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost a astigmatismus \u2013 to jsou ne\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vady, kter\u00fdmi lid\u00e9 trp\u00ed. Jen v\u00a0\u010cesku jich je kolem \u0161esti milion\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich ale nev\u00ed, […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18627"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18627\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}