{"id":18992,"date":"2014-12-17T14:16:01","date_gmt":"2014-12-17T13:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18992"},"modified":"2014-12-17T14:17:32","modified_gmt":"2014-12-17T13:17:32","slug":"ekonomicka-krize-vice-sebevrazd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18992","title":{"rendered":"Ekonomick\u00e1 krize = v\u00edce sebevra\u017ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed studie p\u0159i\u0161la s ne\u010dekan\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem, vysv\u011btlen\u00ed zat\u00edm chyb\u00ed. Na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 studii se i pod\u00edleli v\u011bdci z N\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fastavu du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed. Odhaluje p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 vztahy mezi ekonomickou kriz\u00ed a v\u00fdvojem sebevra\u017eednosti v Evrop\u011b a t\u00e9\u017e USA.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>V \u0159\u00edjnu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku byly publikov\u00e1ny zcela ne\u010dekan\u00e9 a p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry studie, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala dopadem ekonomick\u00e9 krize z roku 2008 na riziko sebevra\u017edy ve 29 evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Za \u010ceskou republiku jsou spoluautory t\u00e9to studie v\u011bdci z N\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fastavu du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed (NUDZ) prof. Cyril H\u00f6schl a Dr. Petr Winkler. Pr\u00e1ce sledovala v\u00fdvoj sebevra\u017eednosti mezi lety 2000 a\u017e 2011 a hodnotila, jakou roli hraj\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 faktory. Studie potvrdila p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee kolem roku 2008 do\u0161lo v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b k vzestupu po\u010dtu sebevra\u017ed.<\/p>\n<p>Potvrdila rovn\u011b\u017e ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1mou souvislost mezi ekonomick\u00fdmi faktory (nezam\u011bstnanost a hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt) a po\u010dtem sebevra\u017ed. A\u017e potud jsou v\u00fdsledky v souladu s p\u016fvodn\u00edm o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bdc\u016f. Detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdza v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee strm\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu sebevra\u017ed za\u010dal ji\u017e v roce 2007 a p\u0159edch\u00e1zel tedy o 1,5 a\u017e 2 roky ekonomick\u00fdm projev\u016fm vlastn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed krize z r. 2008. Tento ne\u010dekan\u00fd a z\u00e1hadn\u00fd n\u00e1lez doposud nem\u00e1 uspokojiv\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sebevra\u017eednost po l\u00e9ta klesala<\/strong><br \/>\n\u201eJedn\u00e1 se o velmi v\u00fdznamnou studii, kter\u00e1 p\u0159inesla \u0159adu pozoruhodn\u00fdch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Potvrdila velmi pozitivn\u00ed fakt, \u017ee mezi lety 2000 a\u017e 2011 ve v\u0161ech evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech (s v\u00fdjimkou Slovenska) sebevra\u017eednost klesala. Tento klesaj\u00edc\u00ed trend v\u0161ak byl p\u0159eru\u0161en strm\u00fdm n\u00e1r\u016fstem v obdob\u00ed kolem ekonomick\u00e9 krize. P\u0159ipome\u0148me si, \u017ee krize naplno zas\u00e1hla celosv\u011btovou ekonomiku 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2008, kdy do\u0161lo k bankrotu americk\u00e9 investi\u010dn\u00ed banky Lehman Brothers, kter\u00fd byl n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n \u0161okem akciov\u00fdch trh\u016f se v\u0161emi zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 poci\u0165ujeme dodnes. Publikovan\u00e1 studie potvrdila, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b v tomto obdob\u00ed do\u0161lo k vzestupu po\u010dtu sebevra\u017ed, ale jejich po\u010det za\u010dal strm\u011b stoupat ji\u017e v roce p\u0159edchoz\u00edm. Vzestup sebevra\u017ed tedy p\u0159edch\u00e1zel o rok a p\u016fl prvn\u00edm projev\u016fm ekonomick\u00e9 recese a za\u010dal dokonce o dva roky d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se ekonomick\u00e1 krize projevila v n\u00e1r\u016fstu nezam\u011bstnanosti\u201c, komentuje p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky studie prof. MUDr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Hor\u00e1\u010dek z NUDZ.<\/p>\n<p>Vztah mezi ekonomickou reces\u00ed a sebevra\u017edami je tedy mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme si mysleli a uspokojiv\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed zat\u00edm chyb\u00ed. \u201eN\u00e1lez ur\u010dit\u011b nen\u00ed v\u00fdsledkem chyby nebo n\u00e1hody, proto\u017ee tato \u010dasov\u00e1 souvislost je vid\u011bt zcela konzistentn\u011b u v\u0161ech evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a nav\u00edc byla potvrzena i pro USA. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tak opravuje p\u016fvodn\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee jasn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina (nap\u0159. nezam\u011bstnanost) p\u0159\u00edmo\u010da\u0159e podmi\u0148uje po\u010det sebevra\u017ed jako n\u00e1sledek. Rovn\u011b\u017e je v tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina spo\u010d\u00edvala v tom, \u017ee lid\u00e9 ji\u017e p\u0159edem tu\u0161ili, \u017ee se n\u011bco bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, \u017ee asi p\u0159ijdou o pr\u00e1ci. Na to je 1,5 a\u017e 2 roky p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1 doba a nav\u00edc, jak si v\u0161ichni vzpom\u00edn\u00e1me, krize tohoto r\u00e1zu prost\u011b nebyla o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1na. Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed je tedy to, \u017ee oba jevy (ekonomick\u00e1 recese a n\u00e1r\u016fst sebevra\u017ed) m\u011bly n\u011bjak\u00fd spole\u010dn\u00fd tajemn\u00fd d\u016fvod, kter\u00fd bychom mohli datovat nejsp\u00ed\u0161e do obdob\u00ed kolem roku 2006,\u201c vysv\u011btluje prof. MUDr. Ji\u0159\u00ed Hor\u00e1\u010dek z NUDZ.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl du\u0161evn\u00edch poruch<\/strong><br \/>\nSebevra\u017eednost p\u0159estavuje velmi slo\u017eit\u00fd a na celospole\u010densk\u00e9 \u00farovni obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b uchopiteln\u00fd jev. M\u00edra rizika sebevra\u017ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f, jako je pohlav\u00ed (mu\u017ei takto ukon\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj \u017eivot n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017eli \u017eeny), etnick\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed vlivy, nezam\u011bstnanost, spot\u0159eba alkoholu, religiozita, rozvodovost, geografick\u00e9 vlivy, ekonomick\u00e1 prosperita a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b tak\u00e9 dostupnost \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch sebevra\u017eedn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm st\u0159eln\u00fdch zbran\u00ed \u010di v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch pesticid). Prof. Hor\u00e1\u010dek dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eI p\u0159es slo\u017eitost problematiky v\u00edme bezpe\u010dn\u011b jednu v\u011bc. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd se pod\u00edl\u00ed na riziku sebevra\u017edy, je du\u0161evn\u00ed nemoc. 90 % v\u0161ech ob\u011bt\u00ed sebevra\u017edy jsou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed str\u00e1daj\u00ed n\u011bkterou z du\u0161evn\u00edch poruch. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jde o depresi a dal\u0161\u00ed poruchy n\u00e1lady. Pokrok v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b a v\u010dasn\u00e9 diagnostice t\u011bchto pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed pak vysv\u011btluje celkov\u011b sestupn\u00fd trend sebevra\u017eednosti, kter\u00fd byl v Evrop\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161en pr\u00e1v\u011b a\u017e t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed kriz\u00ed. V \u010cR se studiu sebevra\u017ed a jejich prevence systematicky v\u011bnuje pr\u00e1v\u011b N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fastav du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed v Klecanech u Prahy.<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: Relationship of suicide rates to economic variables in Europe: 2000-2011. BJPsych, published online October 30, 2014<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed studie p\u0159i\u0161la s ne\u010dekan\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem, vysv\u011btlen\u00ed zat\u00edm chyb\u00ed. Na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 studii se i pod\u00edleli v\u011bdci z N\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fastavu du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed. Odhaluje p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 vztahy mezi <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=18992\" title=\"Ekonomick\u00e1 krize = v\u00edce sebevra\u017ed?\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18992"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18992\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}