{"id":19051,"date":"2014-12-22T11:10:20","date_gmt":"2014-12-22T10:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19051"},"modified":"2014-12-22T11:10:29","modified_gmt":"2014-12-22T10:10:29","slug":"pribeh-zazraku-hluchoslepe-marie-aneb-o-lisicich-se-lidech-na-okraji-spolecnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19051","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh z\u00e1zraku hluchoslep\u00e9 Marie aneb O li\u0161\u00edc\u00edch se lidech na okraji spole\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Marie, kter\u00fd v p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm kin\u011b Beseda v 17 a ve 20 hodin uv\u00e1d\u00ed plze\u0148sk\u00fd Filmov\u00fd klub, je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh z\u00e1zraku.<\/strong> <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Filmov\u00fd klub Sn\u00edmek P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Marie nato\u010dil svou tvorbou zat\u00edm u n\u00e1s prakticky nezn\u00e1m\u00fd 53let\u00fd francouzsk\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r Jean-Pierre Am\u00e9ris. Mohl by n\u00e1m b\u00fdt pov\u011bdom\u00fd alespo\u0148 sv\u00fdmi \u010diny: v roce 2012 p\u0159ivedl do chot\u011b\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera G\u00e9rarda Depardiue p\u0159i nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed sv\u00e9ho filmu Mu\u017e, kter\u00fd se sm\u011bje, kter\u00fd se do na\u0161ich kin stejn\u011b nedostal. Ke sv\u00e9 novince P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Marie p\u0159edznamenal: &#8222;Tento projekt odstartovala moje fascinace p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem Helen Kellerov\u00e9.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>Omlouv\u00e1m se za mo\u017en\u00e1 zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 informace, ale vysv\u011btlete to pedagogovi posedl\u00e9mu pou\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm. D\u00edky Wikipedii se d\u00e1 dohledat, \u017ee Helen Adams Kellerov\u00e1 (na sn\u00edmku, \u017eila v letech 1880 \u2013 1968) jako prvn\u00ed hluchoslep\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk dokon\u010dila studium na Harvardov\u011b univerzit\u011b. Narodila se sice jako zdrav\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b, ale v 19 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch ji postihla tehdy nezn\u00e1m\u00e1 meningitida, kter\u00e1 ji p\u0159ipravila o zrak i sluch. V sedmi letech se na popud vyn\u00e1lezce telefonu Alexandera Grahama Bella, jen\u017e tehdy pracoval s <span class=\"highlight\">nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edmi<\/span> d\u011btmi, dostala do p\u00e9\u010de dvacetilet\u00e9 lektorky Perkinsova institutu pro <span class=\"highlight\">nevidom\u00e9<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p> Dal\u0161\u00edch \u0161est let Helen tento institut nav\u0161t\u011bvovala, aby ho posl\u00e9ze nahradila dal\u0161\u00edmi \u0161kolami, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na Radcliff\u011b univerzit\u011b j\u00ed jej\u00ed velk\u00fd obdivovatel, spisovatel Mark Twain, za\u0159\u00eddil, aby magn\u00e1t ze Standard Oil pokryl ve\u0161ker\u00e9 v\u00fddaje za jej\u00ed studium. V roce 1904 se Helen ve v\u011bku 24 let stala prvn\u00ed osobnost\u00ed v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 s takov\u00fdm smyslov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm vystudovala univerzitu. B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let se z n\u00ed stala celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 spisovatelka a krom\u011b latiny a \u0159e\u010dtiny se tak\u00e9 plynn\u011b nau\u010dila francouzsky a n\u011bmecky. Procestovala mnoho zem\u00ed, st\u00fdkala se se v\u0161emi americk\u00fdmi prezidenty, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u016fsobili v dob\u011b jej\u00ed tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnosti, a pomohla zalo\u017eit Americkou nadaci pro <span class=\"highlight\">nevidom\u00e9<\/span>. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nechme pokra\u010dovat pana re\u017eis\u00e9ra.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;B\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jsem narazil i na m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Marie Heurtinov\u00e9,&#8220; p\u0159ibli\u017eujeme se k p\u0159edm\u011btu jeho filmu. Ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dov\u00e9 sestry v kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edm \u00fastavu Larnay pobl\u00ed\u017e francouzsk\u00e9ho Poitiers pe\u010dovaly o skupinu hluchoslep\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Poskytovaly jim vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a u\u010dily je komunikovat pomoc\u00ed znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di. Larnay z\u00edskal celosv\u011btovou proslulost po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed knihy Louise Arnoulda, v n\u00ed\u017e autor graficky zn\u00e1zornil a popsal metodu praktikovanou \u0159\u00e1dovou sestrou Marguerite b\u011bhem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Marie Heurtinov\u00e9, d\u00edvky, kter\u00e1 byla od narozen\u00ed hluchon\u011bm\u00e1 a slep\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p>Ta je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za francouzskou Hellen Kellerovou. Marie p\u0159ijela do Larnay v b\u0159eznu 1895 ve v\u011bku deseti let. Byla v mnohem hor\u0161\u00edm stavu ne\u017e mlad\u00e1 Ameri\u010danka: vzpouzela se, vyla jako divok\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e, museli ji p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et za ruce a nohy. Bylo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odhadnout, zda by se mohla v\u016fbec n\u011bco nau\u010dit, proto\u017ee postr\u00e1dala zrak, sluch i \u0159e\u010d. Sestra Marguerite po mnoha m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch vynalo\u017een\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed a tvrd\u00e9, trp\u011bliv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce kone\u010dn\u011b zaznamenala prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde historii sice p\u0159eru\u0161\u00edm, ale prozrad\u00edm, \u017ee Mariin p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za z\u00e1zrak a \u00fastav Larnay je v provozu dodnes.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b ten se re\u017eis\u00e9r Jean-Pierre Am\u00e9ris rozhodl nav\u0161t\u00edvit: &#8222;Je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 popsat m\u00e9 pocity, kdy\u017e jsem se sezn\u00e1mil s d\u011btmi, kter\u00e9 komunikovaly pouze dotykem a hned po m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjezdu byly dychtiv\u00e9 s\u00e1hnout si na m\u00e9 ruce a tv\u00e1\u0159. C\u00edtil jsem se bezmocn\u00fd, kdy\u017e jsem se s nimi sna\u017eil komunikovat. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsem poznal rodi\u010de t\u011bchto d\u011bt\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se mnou mluvili o t\u011b\u017ekostech, se kter\u00fdmi se mus\u00ed vyrovnat. Stejn\u011b jako otci Marie Heurtinov\u00e9 p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sto lety i n\u011bkter\u00fdm z nich l\u00e9ka\u0159i sd\u011blili, \u017ee jsou jejich d\u011bti ment\u00e1ln\u011b <span class=\"highlight\">posti\u017een\u00e9<\/span> a \u017ee nikdy nebudou schopn\u00e9 s nimi komunikovat.&#8220; A jak\u00e9 je jeho filmov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n<p>Marie Heurtinov\u00e1 se narodila <span class=\"highlight\">nevidom\u00e1<\/span> a <span class=\"highlight\">nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed<\/span> a ani ve 14 letech nen\u00ed schopn\u00e1 komunikovat se sv\u00fdm okol\u00edm. Jej\u00ed otec, skromn\u00fd \u0159emesln\u00edk, svou dceru miluje a navzdory doporu\u010den\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kter\u00fd jej p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010duje, \u017ee je slabomysln\u00e1, nedok\u00e1\u017ee Marii um\u00edstit do \u00fastavu pro choromysln\u00e9. Ze zoufalstv\u00ed ji nakonec odveze do \u00fastavu Larnay. &#8222;Film, kter\u00fd jsem si p\u0159edstavoval, je pr\u016fzra\u010dn\u00fd a lehce srozumiteln\u00fd. Cht\u011bl jsem nato\u010dit Mariiny ruce, jak se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at, strom\u016f a tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, dojemn\u00e9 chv\u00edle, ze kter\u00fdch se rod\u00ed \u0159e\u010d a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh osvobozen\u00ed, znovuzrozen\u00ed.&#8220; Zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ed V\u00e1nocemi nen\u00ed nad filmy s dobr\u00fdm koncem, by\u0165 se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ed sto lety.<\/p>\n<p>Jan Kastner, filmov\u00fd publicista<\/p>\n<p>Mlad\u00e1 fronta DNES<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Marie, kter\u00fd v p\u0159edv\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm kin\u011b Beseda v 17 a ve 20 hodin uv\u00e1d\u00ed plze\u0148sk\u00fd Filmov\u00fd klub, je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh z\u00e1zraku.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19051"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19051\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3019"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}