{"id":19397,"date":"2015-01-17T08:18:11","date_gmt":"2015-01-17T07:18:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19397"},"modified":"2015-11-19T10:22:21","modified_gmt":"2015-11-19T09:22:21","slug":"coze-neslysim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19397","title":{"rendered":"Co\u017ee? Nesly\u0161\u00edm!"},"content":{"rendered":"

S nedosl\u00fdchavost\u00ed se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce lid\u00ed, a to i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00ed. Po\u0161kozen\u00ed v\u0161ak s sebou nese i psychick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Jak si sluch chr\u00e1nit? <\/strong><\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: puravida \/ Flickr.com<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 vady sluchu jsou vrozen\u00e9, ale daleko v\u00edc je t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 vzniknou a\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota. Po\u010det posti\u017een\u00fdch st\u00e1le stoup\u00e1 a nen\u00ed pochyb, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed vinu na tom nese \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l hlu\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Sluchov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky se v n\u011bm mnohem rychleji opot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed, tak\u017ee se dnes l\u00e9ka\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u011b setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee je dvacetilet\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 ve stavu, v jak\u00e9m je v minulosti m\u00edvali t\u0159eba a\u017e \u0161edes\u00e1tn\u00edci. Nedosl\u00fdchav\u00ed lid\u00e9 si sv\u016fj probl\u00e9m \u010dasto sami necht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159ipustit. Rad\u011bji proto zesiluj\u00ed zvuk televize a do sluch\u00e1tek si pou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed hudbu tak\u00e9 st\u00e1le siln\u011bji, \u010d\u00edm\u017e si d\u00e1le \u0161kod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hluku<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e1 nedosl\u00fdchavost (presbyakuze) nejv\u00edce ohro\u017euje pracovn\u00edky v hlu\u010dn\u00fdch provozech. Ale stejn\u011b rizikov\u00e9 jsou i koncerty a hudebn\u00ed festivaly s vysokou m\u00edrou hlasitosti. Pokud je n\u011bkdo nav\u0161t\u011bvuje \u010dasto a nav\u00edc si libuje v m\u00edstech pobl\u00ed\u017e reprobeden, m\u016f\u017ee s p\u0159ed\u010dasnou nedosl\u00fdchavost\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 s jistotou. Tot\u00e9\u017e ov\u0161em p\u0159edstavuje hudba pou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 „na pln\u00e9 pecky“ do sluch\u00e1tek. P\u0159ipo\u010dteme-li k tomu tzv. hlukov\u00fd smog (nejv\u00edce ho zp\u016fsobuje dopravn\u00ed provoz ve m\u011bstech a v b\u00edzkosti frekventovan\u00fdch silnic), je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee pro u\u0161i je toho opravdu moc a zkr\u00e1tka to nezvl\u00e1dnou. Nedosl\u00fdchavost \u010di hu\u010den\u00ed v u\u0161\u00edch (tinnitus) mohou zp\u016fsobit tak\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha, ale i dal\u0161\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010di l\u00e9ky. N\u00e1sledkem siln\u00e9ho zvuku (v\u00fdbuch, st\u0159elba) m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt akutn\u00ed akustick\u00fd \u00faraz. Ten je v\u0161ak l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na stupni posti\u017een\u00ed. Orienta\u010dn\u00ed prohl\u00eddku sluchu v\u00e1m ud\u011bl\u00e1 praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159, specializovan\u00e1 se prov\u00e1d\u00ed v ordinac\u00edch ORL (otorinolaryngologie).<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a l\u00e9\u010dba<\/p>\n

Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed je test za pomoci ladi\u010dky v odhlu\u010dn\u011bn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pak prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve zvukov\u00e9 komo\u0159e, kterou m\u00e1 k dispozici ORL specialista. Sice se k n\u011bmu m\u016f\u017eete objednat rovnou, ale lep\u0161\u00ed je poradit se nejprve s praktick\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em. Zhruba ka\u017ed\u00fd tis\u00edc\u00ed novorozenec m\u00e1 vrozenou vadu sluchu. To v\u0161ak nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1 plo\u0161n\u00e9mu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, tak\u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch porodnic\u00edch o to mus\u00edte po\u017e\u00e1dat. Hlavn\u00ed pomoc pro nedosl\u00fdchav\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed sluchadla. Vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed se jednak z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00e1, jednak nitrou\u0161n\u00ed (ta prakticky nejsou vid\u011bt). D\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vzhled je v\u0161ak kvalita elektroniky. Pacient\u016fm s velmi z\u00e1va\u017enou vadou sluchu m\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9ka\u0159 doporu\u010dit takzvanou kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implantaci. P\u0159i n\u00ed jim je pod k\u016f\u017ei zaveden mali\u010dk\u00fd apar\u00e1tek, z n\u011bho\u017e vedou elektrody do vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha. Prevence je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 u v\u0161ech chorob, ale u chronick\u00e9 nedosl\u00fdchavosti je jej\u00ed role z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Presbyaku se toti\u017e ned\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it chirurgicky, lze ji jen zpomalit dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm sluchov\u00e9 hygieny, vazodilata\u010dn\u00ed terapi\u00ed, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm vitamin\u016f skupiny B. Proto se sna\u017ete sluch co nejv\u00edce \u0161et\u0159it.<\/p>\n

Psychick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky<\/p>\n

Poruchy sluchu jsou ze v\u0161ech smyslov\u00fdch vad psychicky nejh\u016f\u0159e vn\u00edm\u00e1ny \u2013 ani slep\u00ed lid\u00e9 sv\u016fj stav v\u011bt\u0161inou nesn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed tak \u0161patn\u011b jako hlu\u0161\u00ed. Ti se se sv\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem c\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt vy\u0159azeni ze spole\u010dnosti, je jim trapn\u00e9 st\u00e1le \u0159\u00edkat: „Pros\u00edm? Co\u017ee? “ Proto se v\u00edc a v\u00edc izoluj\u00ed. N\u011bkdy se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 i obava, \u017ee si o nich druz\u00ed pov\u00eddaj\u00ed „za z\u00e1dy“. Jindy se sna\u017e\u00ed handicap tajit, aby se neznemo\u017enili, a rad\u011bji odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed odhadem (obvykle nesmysln\u011b), ne\u017e by dali najevo, \u017ee nerozum\u011bj\u00ed. To v\u0161e je zna\u010dn\u011b frustruj\u00edc\u00ed, tak\u017ee se k pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm sluchov\u00fdm \u010dasto p\u0159idru\u017e\u00ed poruchy psychick\u00e9. A to v takov\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e, \u017ee je nam\u00edst\u011b odborn\u00e1 terapie.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

\u0160et\u0159ete sluch<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Vyh\u00fdbejte se m\u00edst\u016fm s nadm\u011brnou hlu\u010dnost\u00ed. Jde-li o pracovi\u0161t\u011b, pou\u017e\u00edvejte „mu\u0161le“. Na rockov\u00e9m koncert\u011b pomohou ochrann\u00e9 z\u00e1tky sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed intenzitu zvuku.
\n– Muziku do sluch\u00e1tek nezesilujte. P\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de, televizi a rozhlas pou\u0161t\u011bjte jen tehdy, chcete-li je skute\u010dn\u011b poslouchat (a\u0165 neslou\u017e\u00ed jen jako kulisa).
\n– V \u010d\u00edm hlu\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u017eijete (v centru velk\u00fdch m\u011bst, u silnic apod.), t\u00edm v\u00edce vyhled\u00e1vejte relaxaci v tichu, nejl\u00e9pe v klidn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Chra\u0148te se p\u0159ed stresem a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm. I to jsou toti\u017e rizikov\u00e9 faktory.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edk MUDr. Petr Jir\u00e1k, prim\u00e1\u0159 Odd\u011blen\u00ed ORL a chirurgie hlavy a krku, Nemocnice Na Homolce<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010cast\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nedosl\u00fdchavost vznikl\u00e1 poruchou veden\u00ed zvuku do ucha b\u00fdv\u00e1 zp\u016fsobena u\u0161n\u00edm mazem, z\u00e1n\u011btem ve zvukovodu, stavem bub\u00ednku nebo stavem st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha (tam se m\u016f\u017ee nal\u00e9zat tekutina nebo hnis) a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je stav u\u0161n\u00edch k\u016fstek. Dal\u0161\u00edm typem nedosl\u00fdchavosti je po\u0161kozen\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha (porucha percep\u010dn\u00ed). Zde m\u00e1 velk\u00fd vliv hluk a hlu\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edn\u00ed. Bu\u0148ky sluchov\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu \u010dasto trp\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edvodem krve, a tedy kysl\u00edku, nap\u0159. p\u0159i z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed c\u00e9v. I infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (jako z\u00e1n\u011bty mozku \u010di mozkov\u00fdch blan) mohou vyvolat nevratnou poruchu sluchu. Stejn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit i nap\u0159. virus b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ch\u0159ipky. Na \u00farovni vnit\u0159n\u00edho ucha p\u016fsob\u00ed negativn\u011b (ototoxicky) i n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ky. Porucha sluchu je komplexn\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed do p\u00e9\u010de ORL specialisty.<\/p>\n

\u010cist\u00e9 u\u0161i<\/p>\n

– Nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 hygiena vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ucha m\u016f\u017ee zhor\u0161it pr\u016fchodnost zvukovodu. To nejen sni\u017euje p\u0159enos zvuk\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje riziko rozvoje infek\u010dn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt i velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nadm\u011brn\u00e9 tvorby u\u0161n\u00edho mazu, kter\u00fd se pak hromad\u00ed ve vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zvukovodech, hroz\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee: hu\u010den\u00ed, p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0161um, pocit „zalehnut\u00ed“ apod. Rozhodn\u011b si v\u0161ak u\u0161i ne\u010dist\u011bte \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi ostr\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji, je to velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Ale ani \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed vatov\u00fdch ty\u010dinek nen\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 kousek vaty m\u016f\u017ee v uchu uv\u00e1znout nebo se dokonce m\u016f\u017ee poranit u\u0161n\u00ed bub\u00ednek. Nej\u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nen\u00e1silnou a velmi \u00fa\u010dinnou mo\u017enost\u00ed je hygiena pomoc\u00ed sprej\u016f \u010di kapek na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi (nap\u0159. p\u0159\u00edpravky pro u\u0161n\u00ed hygienu Aurecon).<\/p>\n

Hana Primusov\u00e1<\/p>\n

Katka<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S nedosl\u00fdchavost\u00ed se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce lid\u00ed, a to i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00ed. Po\u0161kozen\u00ed v\u0161ak s sebou nese i psychick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Jak si sluch […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23552,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19397\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/23552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}