{"id":19431,"date":"2015-01-18T18:49:01","date_gmt":"2015-01-18T17:49:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19431"},"modified":"2015-01-18T18:52:30","modified_gmt":"2015-01-18T17:52:30","slug":"beethoven-komponoval-pod-vlivem-srdecni-arytmie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19431","title":{"rendered":"Beethoven komponoval pod vlivem srde\u010dn\u00ed arytmie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hudba vych\u00e1zela Ludwigu van Beethovenovi p\u0159\u00edmo ze srdce. A to doslova. N\u011bkter\u00e9 ne\u010dekan\u00e9 zm\u011bny rytmu v \u010detn\u00fdch st\u011b\u017eejn\u00edch d\u00edlech tohoto velk\u00e9ho skladatele byly z\u0159ejm\u011b spojeny s arytmi\u00ed, kterou trp\u011bl. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Alespo\u0148 tak to tvrd\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci z Michigansk\u00e9 a Washingtonsk\u00e9 univerzity.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00fd z kardiologa, muzikologa a experta na historii l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed uk\u00e1zal, jak rytmus v n\u011bkolika slavn\u00fdch skladb\u00e1ch slavn\u00e9ho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho hudebn\u00edka sledoval tlukot jeho srdce, \u010dili jak byly n\u011bkter\u00e9 ne\u010dekan\u00e9 zm\u011bny rytmu zp\u016fsobeny arytmi\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eKdy\u017e srdce tlu\u010de nepravideln\u011b, d\u011bje se tak podle p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch sch\u00e9mat. My si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee jsme identifikovali takov\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata v n\u011bkter\u00fdch Beethovenov\u00fdch d\u00edlech,\u201c uvedl profesor intern\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed z Michigansk\u00e9 univerzity Joel Howel, jeden z autor\u016f studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Perspectives in Biology and Medicine.<\/p>\n

\u201eVz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed mezi mysl\u00ed a t\u011blem podmi\u0148uje zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me skute\u010dnost. A to je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u0159ejm\u00e9 ve sv\u011bt\u011b v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed a hudby, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed nejintimn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zku\u0161enosti,\u201c cituje Howela italsk\u00fd list Corriere della Sera.<\/p>\n

Badatel\u00e9 studovali rytmus mnoha skladeb a sna\u017eili se jej p\u0159i\u0159adit k tomu, co se d\u011bje p\u0159i arytmii, tedy kdy\u017e srdce bije p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pomalu, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle nebo nepravideln\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 ne\u010dekan\u00e9 zm\u011bny rytmu a t\u00f3niny v Beethovenov\u011b hudb\u011b se skute\u010dn\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b shoduj\u00ed se zm\u011bnami v srde\u010dn\u00edm rytmu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt slavn\u00e1 Cavatina, fin\u00e1le smy\u010dcov\u00e9ho kvartetu B dur opus 130, pln\u00e9 velk\u00e9 citov\u00e9 s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 Beethovena doj\u00edmalo a\u017e k slz\u00e1m. Ke konci kvartetu se t\u00f3nina n\u00e1hle m\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do C dur, a t\u00edm p\u0159edur\u010duje nerovnov\u00e1hu rytmu, vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pocity chmury, dezorientace a \u201enedostatku dechu\u201c. A v pozn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch skladatele je tento p\u0159echod ozna\u010den n\u011bmeck\u00fdm slovem beklemmt, jeho\u017e p\u0159eklad m\u016f\u017ee zn\u00edt \u201ese smrt\u00ed v srdci\u201c.<\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee tato \u201esmrt v srdci\u201c m\u016f\u017ee znamenat smutek, ale tak\u00e9 pocit tlaku vyvolan\u00fd srde\u010dn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my. Zm\u011bny rytmu jsou v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edtomny i v Beethovenov\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch d\u00edlech: jde o son\u00e1tu pro klav\u00edr A dur opus 110 \u010di klav\u00edrn\u00ed son\u00e1tu Es dur opus 81 \u201eLes Adieux\u201c psanou v dob\u011b oble\u017een\u00ed V\u00eddn\u011b Francouzi v roce 1809.<\/p>\n

Beethoven trp\u011bl r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my v\u010detn\u011b Pagetovy choroby (deformace kost\u00ed), cirh\u00f3zy jater a probl\u00e9my s ledvinami. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak jeho hluchota, kter\u00e1 mohla podle americk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f zbyst\u0159it g\u00e9niovy ostatn\u00ed smysly a u\u010dinit jej vn\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm k srde\u010dn\u00edmu rytmu.<\/p>\n

\u201eNem\u016f\u017eeme s jistotou v\u011bd\u011bt, zda a do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry takov\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my trp\u011bl. M\u016f\u017eeme se pouze pokusit vysv\u011btlit star\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 popisy ve sv\u011btle dne\u0161n\u00edch znalost\u00ed. A p\u0159\u00edtomnost arytmie odpov\u00edd\u00e1 mnoha dal\u0161\u00edm chorob\u00e1m tohoto hudebn\u00edka,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 kardiolog z t\u00fdmu americk\u00fdch expert\u016f Zachary Golberger. Zkr\u00e1tka n\u011bkter\u00e9 Beethovenovy skladby mohou b\u00fdt dnes interpretov\u00e1ny jako skute\u010dn\u00e9 hudebn\u00ed elektrokardiogramy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hudba vych\u00e1zela Ludwigu van Beethovenovi p\u0159\u00edmo ze srdce. A to doslova. N\u011bkter\u00e9 ne\u010dekan\u00e9 zm\u011bny rytmu v \u010detn\u00fdch st\u011b\u017eejn\u00edch d\u00edlech tohoto velk\u00e9ho skladatele byly z\u0159ejm\u011b spojeny […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15088,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19431\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}