{"id":19547,"date":"2015-01-26T11:48:42","date_gmt":"2015-01-26T10:48:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19547"},"modified":"2015-01-26T11:48:42","modified_gmt":"2015-01-26T10:48:42","slug":"take-jazykem-lze-poslouchat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19547","title":{"rendered":"Tak\u00e9 jazykem lze poslouchat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i na Coloradsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by lidem s po\u0161kozen\u00fdm sluchem vr\u00e1tilo sluch. Vjem by se v\u0161ak do jejich mozku nedost\u00e1val klasickou cestou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ucha \u010di sluchov\u00e9ho nervu, ale skrze jazyk, do n\u011bho\u017e by za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vys\u00edlalo elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly o r\u016fzn\u00e9 intenzit\u011b. Mozek by je pak dek\u00f3doval jako \u0159e\u010d.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee vytvo\u0159\u00ed cenov\u011b dostupnou a snadno pou\u017eitelnou obdobu kochle\u00e1rn\u00edho implant\u00e1tu. Ten je sice nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, nikoli v\u0161ak bezchybn\u00fdm implant\u00e1tem. &#8222;I t\u0159icet let po schv\u00e1len\u00ed vyjde tato pom\u016fcka s operac\u00ed a n\u00e1slednou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed na v\u00edce ne\u017e sto tis\u00edc dolar\u016f a ne ka\u017ed\u00fd je vhodn\u00fdm kandid\u00e1tem,&#8220; uvedl hybatel v\u00fdvoje John Williams. Upozornil p\u0159itom, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed implant\u00e1tu se neobejde bez rizikov\u00e9 operace, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce po\u0161kozen sluchov\u00fd nerv. Nov\u011b vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by oproti tomu sta\u010dilo pouze p\u0159itisknout na jazyk.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1pad snad vypad\u00e1 na prvn\u00ed pohled utopicky, ale lidsk\u00fd mozek je p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vjem\u016f mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00fd. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na to Williams se sv\u00fdm t\u00fdmem spol\u00e9h\u00e1. Kdy\u017e se pr\u00fd mohli zrakov\u011b posti\u017een\u00ed d\u00edky Braillovu p\u00edsmu nau\u010dit \u010d\u00edst a sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00ed t\u0159eba hovo\u0159it pomoc\u00ed znakov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di nebo odez\u00edrat, nen\u00ed d\u016fvod, pro\u010d by se nemohli nau\u010dit &#8222;poslouchat&#8220; vibra\u010dn\u00ed vzorce, kter\u00e9 jim budou vys\u00edl\u00e1ny do jazyka.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sest\u00e1v\u00e1 z naslouch\u00e1tka no\u0161en\u00e9ho za uchem, kter\u00e9 je bezdr\u00e1tov\u011b p\u0159ipojeno k procesoru. Ten zachycen\u00e9 zvuky p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed a pos\u00edl\u00e1 do n\u00e1stavce s elektrodami, je\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed na jazyk. Williams\u016fv t\u00fdm te\u010f na des\u00edtk\u00e1ch dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f zkou\u0161\u00ed, ke kter\u00fdm oblastem jazyka by bylo nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stavec p\u0159ikl\u00e1dat. Do t\u00e9to f\u00e1ze v\u00fdzkumu se zapojila neurobiolo\u017eka Leslie Stone-Royov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Williams nezast\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdzkum vede tak\u00e9 z osobn\u00edch pohnutek. D\u0159\u00edve toti\u017e pracoval v NASA na v\u00fdvoji iontov\u00fdch motor\u016f pro pohony kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed. L\u00e9ta pr\u00e1ce s podtlakov\u00fdmi komorami, v nich\u017e testy motor\u016f prob\u00edhaly, mu zp\u016fsobily tinitus, trval\u00fd \u0161elest, kv\u016fli n\u011bmu\u017e nesly\u0161\u00ed zvuky o vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch frekvenc\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.e15.cz\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i na Coloradsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by lidem s po\u0161kozen\u00fdm sluchem vr\u00e1tilo sluch. Vjem by se v\u0161ak do jejich mozku nedost\u00e1val klasickou cestou <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19547\" title=\"Tak\u00e9 jazykem lze poslouchat\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19547"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19547\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}