{"id":19548,"date":"2015-01-26T12:05:17","date_gmt":"2015-01-26T11:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19548"},"modified":"2015-01-26T12:17:18","modified_gmt":"2015-01-26T11:17:18","slug":"diabetiku-pribyva-v-usteckem-kraji-jich-je-pres-73-tisic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19548","title":{"rendered":"Diabetik\u016f p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1. V \u00dasteck\u00e9m kraji jich je p\u0159es 73 tis\u00edc"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u017e \u010dtvrt milionu \u010cech\u016f s cukrovkou o sv\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zat\u00edm ani netu\u0161\u00ed. \u00dasteck\u00fd kraj je v jejich po\u010dtu na p\u00e1t\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v republice.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dasteck\u00fd kraj \u2013 Epidemie jednadvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Tak se n\u011bkdy hovo\u0159\u00ed o cukrovce neboli diabetu. Nejde o nads\u00e1zku. Na konci roku 2013 se v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice s cukrovkou l\u00e9\u010dilo p\u0159es 861 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. V \u00dasteck\u00e9m kraji si nelichotivou diagn\u00f3zu vyslechlo p\u0159es 73 tis\u00edc pacient\u016f. Jejich po\u010det se v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 dob\u011b jen tak nezastav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

„S diabetiky se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce. Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada pacient\u016f v\u0161ak o sv\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zat\u00edm ani nev\u00ed,“ upozor\u0148uje l\u00e9ka\u0159 Martin Haluz\u00edk z pra\u017esk\u00e9ho centra diabetologie. Podle odhad\u016f odborn\u00edk\u016f se v \u010cesku m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat a\u017e 250 tis\u00edc takov\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Diabetes p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed postupn\u011b, mezi jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed projevy pat\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00edze\u0148, \u010dast\u00e9 mo\u010den\u00ed, hubnut\u00ed, \u00fanava a poruchy v\u011bdom\u00ed. Jakmile se u\u017e ale projev\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed komplikace, po\u0161kozen\u00ed zdrav\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nevratn\u00e9. Proto je t\u0159eba sledovat hladinu cukru v krvi u\u017e od 45 let p\u0159i kontrol\u00e1ch a odb\u011brech krve u praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e1<\/p>\n

„Cukrovka je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e1. L\u00e9\u010dba proto br\u00e1n\u00ed vzniku komplikac\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uje zkvalitn\u011bn\u00ed a prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota pacient\u016f,“ zd\u016fraz\u0148uje p\u0159edseda Diabetick\u00e9 asociace \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky Milan Kvapil.<\/p>\n

Diabetes p\u0159itom m\u016f\u017ee postihnout ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, i kojence. „S v\u011bkem se riziko zv\u011bt\u0161uje. Na vin\u011b je genetick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l, u star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed styl,“ vysv\u011btluje zdravotn\u00ed sestra V\u011bra Stichov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 s cukrovk\u00e1\u0159i mnoho zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Za masivn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst nemoci m\u016f\u017ee hlavn\u011b m\u00e1lo pohybu, nepravideln\u00e9 j\u00eddlo a nadm\u011brn\u00fd stres.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edce diabetik\u016f v kraji \u017eije na Teplicku. Je jich tam p\u0159es 14 tis\u00edc. Ov\u00edce ne\u017e 2 tis\u00edce m\u00e9n\u011b lid\u00ed se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed na D\u011b\u010d\u00ednsku a \u00dastecku. Nejm\u00e9n\u011b jich je na Lounsku. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m okrese p\u0159itom nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed tr\u00e1p\u00ed v\u00edce \u017een ne\u017e mu\u017e\u016f.<\/p>\n

Cukrovka se projevuje zv\u00fd\u0161enou hladinou cukru v krvi, tzv. hyperglyk\u00e9mi\u00ed. Mno\u017estv\u00ed cukru reguluje hlavn\u011b hormon inzul\u00edn, ten v\u0161ak diabetik\u016fm zcela chyb\u00ed nebo je na n\u011bj jejich t\u011blo m\u00e9n\u011b citliv\u00e9. L\u00e9ka\u0159i ho proto n\u011bkter\u00fdm pacient\u016fm pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch, aby jim pomohl udr\u017eet spr\u00e1vnou hladinu cukru v krvi.<\/p>\n

„Cukr v krvi si mus\u00edm pravideln\u011b hl\u00eddat a nem\u016f\u017eu j\u00edst tolik sladk\u00e9ho, jak bych cht\u011bl, ale u\u017e jsem si na to zvykl a beru to jako b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st \u017eivota. Nemoc m\u011b zat\u00edm nijak z\u00e1sadn\u011b neomezuje,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 sedmadvacetilet\u00fd Zden\u011bk Tumpach, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 cukrovku u\u017e dev\u011bt let.<\/p>\n

Inzulinov\u00e1 analoga<\/p>\n

Inzulin diabetik\u016fm pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159es 90 let. D\u0159\u00edve ho l\u00e9ka\u0159i p\u0159edepisovali hlavn\u011b lidem, u nich\u017e v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed mo\u017enosti l\u00e9\u010dby selhaly. Nyn\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i v \u010dasn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch nemoci. V sou\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak pacient\u016fm pom\u00e1haj\u00ed i tzv. inzulinov\u00e1 analoga.<\/p>\n

„Jsou bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e lidsk\u00e9 inzuliny, proto\u017ee pacient\u016fm p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b hypoglyk\u00e9mi\u00ed, tedy pokles\u016f hladiny cukru v krvi, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v no\u010dn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka Alice S\u00fdkorov\u00e1 z Diabetologick\u00e9ho centra v Masarykov\u011b nemocnici \u00dast\u00ed n. L.<\/p>\n

Inzulinov\u00e1 analoga jsou biosynteticky p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 l\u00e1tky podobn\u00e9 inzulinu s velmi rychl\u00fdm, nebo naopak zpomalen\u00fdm n\u00e1stupem a p\u016fsoben\u00edm. Lze d\u00edky nim l\u00e9pe uhl\u00eddat hladiny krevn\u00edho cukru. „Pro pacienty maj\u00ed v\u00fdhodu v tom, \u017ee omezuj\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst hmotnosti,“ dopl\u0148uje S\u00fdkorov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9ka\u0159i diagnostikuj\u00ed cukrovku u 16 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b. V \u010cesku se po\u010det diabetik\u016f za posledn\u00edch t\u0159icet let v\u00edc ne\u017e ztrojn\u00e1sobil. Inzulinem se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrt\u00fd diabetik.<\/p>\n

0 Inzulin byl nejprve extrahov\u00e1n ze ps\u00ed slinivky. Dlouho byla jeho hlavn\u00edm zdrojem slinivka jate\u010dn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at. 0 Dal\u0161\u00edm stupn\u011bm je inzulin hum\u00e1nn\u00ed (lidsk\u00fd), kdy se do bu\u0148ky bakterie dod\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 informace o struktu\u0159e inzulinu, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e je ho pak bu\u0148ka schopn\u00e1 vyrobit.<\/p>\n

Co mo\u017en\u00e1 nev\u00edte…<\/p>\n

Diabetem na sv\u011bt\u011b nyn\u00ed trp\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 370 milion\u016f lid\u00ed a po\u010det pacient\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem dramaticky stoup\u00e1. Ro\u010dn\u011b na n\u00e1sledky diabetu zem\u0159e p\u0159es 20 tis\u00edc pacient\u016f. Pokud diabetes nen\u00ed v\u010das a spr\u00e1vn\u011b l\u00e9\u010den, vede k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm komplikac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 mohou kon\u010dit dokonce a\u017e p\u0159ed\u010dasnou smrt\u00ed. Vlivem dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00edch vysok\u00fdch glyk\u00e9mi\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed c\u00e9v a bun\u011bk. Posti\u017een\u00ed velk\u00fdch c\u00e9v vede k mozkov\u00fdm c\u00e9vn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edhod\u00e1m, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed srdce a \u0161patn\u00e9mu prokrven\u00ed doln\u00edch kon\u010detin a vzniku v\u0159ed\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou kon\u010dit amputac\u00ed. Inzulin se v\u011bt\u0161inou aplikuje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. inzulinov\u00fdch per, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed tenk\u00e9, kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a ostr\u00e9 jehly. Vpich je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bezbolestn\u00fd. M\u00edsto vpichu nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 desinfikovat. Aplikace je nen\u00e1padn\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee prob\u011bhnout kdekoli \u2013 v kin\u011b, divadle, restauraci.<\/p>\n

DIABETES 1. TYPU<\/p>\n

– 97 133 diabetik\u016f m\u00e1 posti\u017een\u00e9 ledviny<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 obvykle v d\u011btstv\u00ed \u010di dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u011bkdy a\u017e po t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9m roce v\u011bku. Trp\u00ed j\u00edm 7 % diabetik\u016f v \u010cesku, vyzna\u010duje se \u00faplnou absenc\u00ed inzul\u00ednu v t\u011ble. Mezi p\u0159\u00edznaky pat\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1hov\u00fd \u00fabytek, velk\u00e1 \u017e\u00edze\u0148, \u010dast\u00e9 mo\u010den\u00ed a \u00fanava. Pacient si po cel\u00fd \u017eivot mus\u00ed p\u00edchat inzul\u00edn a dr\u017eet diabetickou dietu.<\/p>\n

DIABETES 2. TYPU<\/p>\n

Postihuje \u010dast\u011bji star\u0161\u00ed osoby a lidi s nadv\u00e1hou, trp\u00ed j\u00edm 92 % diabetik\u016f. Pacienti m\u00edvaj\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010di dokonce nadbytek inzul\u00ednu. Na jeho \u00fa\u010dinky jsou v\u0161ak jejich tk\u00e1n\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u011b citliv\u00e9. Z\u00e1kladem l\u00e9\u010dby je dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed diabetick\u00e9 diety, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pohybov\u00e9 aktivity, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je t\u0159eba pod\u00e1vat l\u00e9ky zlep\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed inzulinu, zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed citlivost tk\u00e1n\u00ed na inzulin, blokuj\u00edc\u00ed vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed cukru ze st\u0159eva nebo p\u0159\u00edmo inzulin.<\/p>\n

– Srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt je s touto diagn\u00f3zou a\u017e 5x \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 populace<\/p>\n

– Diabetick\u00e1 noha tr\u00e1p\u00ed 40 tis\u00edc \u010cech\u016f<\/p>\n

– 10 tis\u00edc pacient\u016f v republice muselo podstoupit amputaci<\/p>\n

– 100 662 diabetik\u016f m\u00e1 posti\u017een\u00ed zraku<\/p>\n

– 2 200 lid\u00ed v d\u016fsledku cukrovky trp\u00ed slepotou, kter\u00e1 je nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e1<\/p>\n

Iveta Pode\u0161vov\u00e1
\nLibereck\u00fd den\u00edk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u017e \u010dtvrt milionu \u010cech\u016f s cukrovkou o sv\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zat\u00edm ani netu\u0161\u00ed. \u00dasteck\u00fd kraj je v jejich po\u010dtu na p\u00e1t\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v republice.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19548"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19548\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}