{"id":19795,"date":"2015-02-06T12:52:04","date_gmt":"2015-02-06T11:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19795"},"modified":"2015-02-06T12:53:31","modified_gmt":"2015-02-06T11:53:31","slug":"pacienti-prichazeji-k-urologovi-s-potizemi-zbytecne-pozde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19795","title":{"rendered":"Pacienti p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed k urologovi s pot\u00ed\u017eemi zbyte\u010dn\u011b pozd\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rakovina varlat. N\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou u n\u00e1s druhou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrtnosti. St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u011b um\u00edr\u00e1 na n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 27 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje 23 procenta z celkov\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti. Mohlo by se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee zhoubn\u00e9 n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm star\u0161\u00edch osob.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edbram \u2013 Od l\u00e9ka\u0159e urologick\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed Oblastn\u00ed nemocnice P\u0159\u00edbram MUDr. Tom\u00e1\u0161e Chmelensk\u00e9ho se dozv\u00edme, \u017ee tomu tak nen\u00ed a \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1dor varlat postihuje mu\u017ee ji\u017e ve velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u011bku.<\/p>\n

– Jak \u010dasto se setk\u00e1v\u00e1te s pacienty trp\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1dorem varlat a jak\u00e1 v\u011bkov\u00e1 skupina je nej\u010dast\u011bji posti\u017eena?<\/p>\n

N\u00e1dorem varlat je v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice posti\u017eeno dev\u011bt mu\u017e\u016f ze sta tis\u00edc, to znamen\u00e1 asi 450 mu\u017e\u016f za rok. Tyto n\u00e1dory se mohou vyskytovat v ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u011bku mu\u017ee, ale maximum jejich v\u00fdskytu je mezi 25. a\u017e 35. rokem \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

– Existuje vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, pro\u010d se n\u00e1dor objevuje pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto v\u011bkov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Vrchol v\u011bkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu tzv. germin\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f neseminov\u00e9ho typu je pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto obdob\u00ed. Jejich progn\u00f3za se ale za posledn\u00edch 25 let diametr\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnila. Z n\u00e1dor\u016f vysoce zhoubn\u00fdch a smrt\u00edc\u00edch se stalo onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm stupn\u011bm l\u00e9\u010ditelnosti a to a\u017e v 90 procentech. K jejich terapii se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 chemoterapie. Seminom m\u00e1 na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edho typu nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vrchol v\u011bkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu mezi 30 a 40 lety, je vysoce radiosenzitivn\u00ed a ve vysok\u00e9m procentu radioterapi\u00ed vyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

– Co je hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami vzniku rakoviny varlat a jak velkou roli zde hraje genetika?<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vzniku n\u00e1dor\u016f varlat nejsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko vzniku n\u00e1doru maj\u00ed nemocn\u00ed s nesestoupl\u00fdm varletem ulo\u017een\u00fdm v b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed dutin\u011b. D\u00e1le jsou diskutov\u00e1ny faktory jako atrofie varlete, trauma a genetick\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. Pokud je v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 rodin\u011b (otec, d\u011bde\u010dek, syn, bratr) jedinec s n\u00e1dorem varlete, sourozenci maj\u00ed riziko vzniku n\u00e1doru varlete 3 a\u017e 10 procent.<\/p>\n

– Jak mu\u017e pozn\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 rakovinu varlat, doprov\u00e1z\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky?<\/p>\n

I u n\u00e1dor\u016f varlat se \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s t\u00edm, \u017ee pacienti p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u011b pozd\u011b. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u017eivot ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed diagn\u00f3zu. Stud tud\u00ed\u017e nen\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b. Pozornost by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u011bnov\u00e1na n\u00e1lezu jak\u00e9koliv rezistence \u2013 pohmatov\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti v oblasti varlat.<\/p>\n

– Ohledn\u011b prevence vzniku rakoviny prsu u \u017een hraje velkou roli samovy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. O samovy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed varlat se v\u0161ak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikde nedo\u010dteme. M\u00e1 tedy i u mu\u017e\u016f samovy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed varlat vliv na v\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1chyt choroby?<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bnou rezistenci v oblasti varlat nemocn\u00fd v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bji nalezne p\u0159i samovy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed varlat. Samovy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed je vhodn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt pravideln\u011b. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me pohledem, porovn\u00e1me symetrii a velikost obou varlat. D\u00e1le pokra\u010dujeme pohmatem. Varle vy\u0161et\u0159\u00edme mezi prsty ruky od horn\u00edho po doln\u00ed p\u00f3l. Samovy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bno ka\u017ed\u00fdm mu\u017eem jedenkr\u00e1t m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, a to od zavr\u0161en\u00ed puberty. P\u0159i jak\u00e9mkoliv podez\u0159en\u00ed se nemocn\u00fd obr\u00e1t\u00ed k odborn\u00e9mu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed na sv\u00e9ho urologa.<\/p>\n

– Pokud diagnostikujete rakovinu, co mu\u017ee d\u00e1le \u010dek\u00e1 a jak\u00e1 je \u0161ance na uzdraven\u00ed?<\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010ditelnost n\u00e1doru varlat je vysok\u00e1. Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdm postupem je opera\u010dn\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed posti\u017een\u00e9ho varlete p\u0159es t\u0159\u00edseln\u00fd kan\u00e1l. D\u00e1le pokra\u010dujeme dle histologie a rozsahu n\u00e1doru v t\u011ble. V mlad\u0161\u00edch v\u011bkov\u00fdch kategori\u00edch je z\u00e1klademl\u00e9\u010dby chemoterapie. Li\u0161\u00ed se podle typu n\u00e1doru. Radioterapie je pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 u n\u00e1doru zvan\u00e9m seminom. Dobrou zpr\u00e1vou je, \u017ee \u00famrtnost na n\u00e1dory varlat, p\u0159es jejich stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdskyt, kles\u00e1.<\/p>\n

– Existuje prevence, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje riziko vzniku rakoviny varlat?<\/p>\n

Op\u011bt zde plat\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve je n\u00e1dor odhalen, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost l\u00e9\u010dby. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu apeluji na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho mu\u017ee o pravideln\u00e9 samovy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch varlat a p\u0159i jak\u00fdchkoliv rozpac\u00edch nev\u00e1hat s n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou sv\u00e9ho urologa.<\/p>\n

DAGMAR \u010cER\u0147ANSK\u00c1
\nP\u0159\u00edbramsk\u00fd den\u00edk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rakovina varlat. N\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jsou u n\u00e1s druhou nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrtnosti. St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u011b um\u00edr\u00e1 na n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 27 tis\u00edc […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19795"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19795\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}