{"id":19911,"date":"2015-02-13T12:35:46","date_gmt":"2015-02-13T11:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19911"},"modified":"2015-02-13T12:35:46","modified_gmt":"2015-02-13T11:35:46","slug":"mhoureni-ci-mrkani-u-deti-muze-upozornit-na-vadu-zraku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19911","title":{"rendered":"Mhou\u0159en\u00ed \u010di mrk\u00e1n\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee upozornit na vadu zraku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b zrakov\u00e9ho posti\u017een\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed tentokr\u00e1t odpov\u00edd\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159ka p\u0159\u00edbramsk\u00e9 nemocnice MUDr. So\u0148a Karkanov\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Jak\u00fd je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy mal\u00e9ho pacienta na o\u010dn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00ed a jak je to s \u010detnost\u00ed dioptrick\u00fdch o\u010dn\u00edch vad?<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy d\u011btsk\u00e9ho pacienta na o\u010dn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011bt spojivek, je\u010dn\u00e9 zrno, nepr\u016fchodnost slzn\u00fdch cest, ale tak\u00e9 tupozrakost, \u0161ilh\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di dioptrick\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vady. Obecn\u011b dioptrick\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vady rozd\u011blujeme na kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost a astigmatismus, co\u017e je nepravideln\u00e9 zak\u0159iven\u00ed rohovky, n\u011bkdy i o\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky.<\/p>\n

– Budeme -li se v\u011bnovat p\u0159\u00edmo dioptrick\u00fdm vad\u00e1m, je mo\u017en\u00e9 je n\u011bjak rozd\u011blit?<\/p>\n

Dalekozrakost neboli hypermetropii m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9 miminko hned po narozen\u00ed, vada postupem \u010dasu v\u011bt\u0161inou vymiz\u00ed. U n\u011bkter\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed ale vada p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 a projev\u00ed se \u0161patn\u00fdm vid\u011bn\u00edm do bl\u00edzka. Po narozen\u00ed je oko v p\u0159edozadn\u00ed ose krat\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed t\u0159eba. U d\u011bt\u00ed se ale oko st\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed a roste, tak\u017ee postupn\u011b dor\u016fst\u00e1 do norm\u00e1ln\u00ed velikosti a v\u0161e se samo uprav\u00ed. Pokud v\u0161ak oko z\u016fstane kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, hovo\u0159\u00edme o dalekozrakosti. V d\u011btstv\u00ed a ml\u00e1d\u00ed se \u010dasto vada nijak neprojevuje. T\u00edm, \u017ee je d\u011btsk\u00e9 oko schopn\u00e9 velmi dob\u0159e akomodovat, vadu i n\u011bkolika dioptri\u00ed samo vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1. O\u010di v\u0161ak mus\u00ed vyvinout v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, tak\u017ee se u d\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee projevit \u010dast\u00e1 \u00fanava i bolesti hlavy, netrp\u011blivost, apod. Kr\u00e1tkozrakost se u d\u011bt\u00ed \u010dasto objevuje a\u017e ve \u0161koln\u00edm v\u011bku, kdy d\u00edt\u011b nep\u0159e\u010dte text na tabuli, p\u00ed\u0161e „nosem“, za\u010dne se vyh\u00fdbat n\u011bkter\u00fdm hr\u00e1m. T\u00e9to o\u010dn\u00ed vad\u011b se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 myopie, jedn\u00e1 se o refrak\u010dn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vadu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159i pohledu do d\u00e1lky vn\u00edm\u00e1 neostr\u00fd obraz pozorovan\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu. Vada se v\u011bt\u0161inou postupn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161uje, a to a\u017e do ukon\u010den\u00ed r\u016fstu. Okolo 20. roku v\u011bku se v\u00fdvoj vady zpravidla zpomal\u00ed a d\u00e1le se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do 30 let m\u011bn\u00ed jen nepatrn\u011b. Kr\u00e1tkozrakost je u d\u011bt\u00ed velmi \u010dastou o\u010dn\u00ed vadou, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vrozen\u00e1 (u p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b narozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed) nebo z\u00edskan\u00e1. Na vzniku kr\u00e1tkozrakosti se ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pod\u00edl\u00ed i sou\u010dasn\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u017eivota, kdy d\u011bti v\u011bt\u0161inu voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu v\u011bnuj\u00ed hr\u00e1m na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, tabletu, mobilu \u010di sledov\u00e1n\u00ed TV (pohled do bl\u00edzka). Vid\u011bn\u00ed do d\u00e1lky toti\u017e stimuluje a pozitivn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje pobyt na p\u0159irozen\u00e9m sv\u011btle a \u010dast\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pohledu na vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty v okol\u00ed. A to je spojeno hlavn\u011b s aktivitami, kter\u00e9 d\u011bti provozuj\u00ed venku, na h\u0159i\u0161ti nebo v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b. Pohyb na \u010derstv\u00e9m vzduchu tedy prosp\u00edv\u00e1 nejen zdrav\u00ed a fyzick\u00e9 kondici, ale i zraku. Astigmatismus tzv. cylindrick\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed vada je zp\u016fsobena nepravideln\u00fdm zak\u0159iven\u00edm rohovky, n\u011bkdy i o\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky. U zdrav\u00e9ho oka je rohovka pravideln\u00e1, tvarem odpov\u00edd\u00e1 kulat\u00e9mu m\u00ed\u010di, a tak se sv\u011bteln\u00e9 paprsky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159es ni proch\u00e1zej\u00ed, lom\u00ed ve v\u0161ech sm\u011brech stejn\u011b. P\u0159i nepravideln\u00e9m tvaru rohovky, podobn\u00e9mu nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00ed\u010di na ragby, se sv\u011btlo lom\u00ed v m\u00edstech s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u010di men\u0161\u00edm zak\u0159iven\u00edm r\u016fzn\u011b, tak\u017ee se paprsky na s\u00edtnici nesetk\u00e1vaj\u00ed a vid\u011bn\u00ed je rozost\u0159en\u00e9, pok\u0159iven\u00e9 a zdeformovan\u00e9. Vada b\u00fdv\u00e1 zpravidla vrozen\u00e1, ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m na rohovce m\u016f\u017ee ale doj\u00edt tak\u00e9 vlivem z\u00e1n\u011bt\u016f a \u00faraz\u016f o\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mohou b\u00fdt i onemocn\u011bn\u00ed rohovky, operace \u010di alergie.<\/p>\n

– Odhalen\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 vady je jist\u011b pro rodi\u010de velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9, jak\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f je tedy pot\u0159eba si v\u0161\u00edmat, aby se p\u0159i\u0161lo na tyto vady co nejrychleji?<\/p>\n

Je to mhou\u0159en\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed, promrk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159iv\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho oka, nep\u0159irozen\u00fd sklon hlavy, bolesti hlavy, psan\u00ed „nosem“. N\u011bkter\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vady maj\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dnou dispozici, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad tupozrakost.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

(Cel\u00fd rozhovor najdete v sobotu na webu: www.pribramsky.denik.cz)<\/p>\n

DAGMAR \u010cER\u0147ANSK\u00c1
\nP\u0159\u00edbramsk\u00fd den\u00edk<\/p>\n

www.pribramsky.denik.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b zrakov\u00e9ho posti\u017een\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed tentokr\u00e1t odpov\u00edd\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159ka p\u0159\u00edbramsk\u00e9 nemocnice MUDr. So\u0148a Karkanov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19911\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}