{"id":19926,"date":"2015-04-26T10:37:40","date_gmt":"2015-04-26T08:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19926"},"modified":"2015-04-26T10:37:40","modified_gmt":"2015-04-26T08:37:40","slug":"americky-miliardar-zahajil-boj-proti-slepote","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19926","title":{"rendered":"Americk\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 zah\u00e1jil boj proti slepot\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Utratil miliardu dolar\u016f za p\u0159elomov\u00fd l\u00e9k proti cukrovce, financoval v\u00fdvoj speci\u00e1ln\u00edho kardiostimul\u00e1toru i implant\u00e1tu do ucha pro nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed americk\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu ALFRED MANN (foto) jde do boje se slepotou. <\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>foto: wikipedia<\/p>\n<p>Zrak je nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lidsk\u00fd smysl, vn\u00edm\u00e1me j\u00edm t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vjem\u016f. Dev\u011btaosmdes\u00e1tilet\u00fd americk\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 Alfred Mann sice vid\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1d dob\u0159e, ale chce pomoci lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou o zrak ochuzeni. Zrakov\u00fd implant\u00e1t, jej\u017e vyvinula firma Second Sight Medical Products, vrac\u00ed nevidom\u00fdm alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st zraku. <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj p\u0159elomov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed trval velmi dlouho a byla s n\u00edm mraven\u010d\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. &#8222;Str\u00e1vili jsme roky testov\u00e1n\u00edm na zv\u00ed\u0159atech a p\u0159ich\u00e1zel jeden ne\u00fasp\u011bch za druh\u00fdm. Vypadalo to, \u017ee to nezvl\u00e1dneme,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 k tomu \u0161\u00e9f Second Sight Robert Greenberg. Neb\u00fdt Manna a jeho buldo\u010d\u00ed zarputilosti, mo\u017en\u00e1 by vyn\u00e1lez nikdy nespat\u0159il sv\u011btlo sv\u011bta. <\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Jde o technick\u00fd probl\u00e9m, a proto se d\u00e1 vy\u0159e\u0161it. Vra\u0165te se a dod\u011blejte to,&#8220; st\u00e1l Mann tvrdohlav\u011b na sv\u00e9m. Vyplatilo se, firma nyn\u00ed implant\u00e1t zkou\u0161\u00ed asi na stovce lid\u00ed. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 vjemy na elektrick\u00e9 pulsy. Ty pak d\u00e1le stimuluj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed slep\u00fdm alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat zraku. <\/p>\n<p>Second Sight Medical Products to loni dot\u00e1hla na burzu v New Yorku, kde z\u00edskala d\u00edky vyn\u00e1lezu implant\u00e1tu 300 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. Je zat\u00edm posledn\u00ed ze sedmn\u00e1cti firem, kter\u00e9 Mann za v\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1t let zalo\u017eil. Dev\u011bt z nich se postupn\u011b prodalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 za osm miliard dolar\u016f, dv\u011b to dot\u00e1hly a\u017e na burzu. Mannova kari\u00e9ra je ostatn\u011b z\u00e1jmu o zlep\u0161en\u00ed zdrav\u00ed pln\u00e1. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku to ale na dr\u00e1hu medic\u00ednsk\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezce nevypadalo. <\/p>\n<p>Vyn\u00e1lezce zlep\u0161ov\u00e1k\u016f <\/p>\n<p>Alfred Mann se narodil v roce 1925 v americk\u00e9m Oregonu do \u017eidovsk\u00e9 rodiny anglick\u00e9ho p\u0159ist\u011bhovalce a polsk\u00e9 emigrantky. Otec prod\u00e1val v mal\u00e9m kr\u00e1mku, matka byla klav\u00edristka a zp\u011bva\u010dka. Hudebn\u00ed geny zd\u011bdil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Mann\u016fv bratr Robert, kter\u00fd pat\u0159il sv\u00e9ho \u010dasu mezi nejlep\u0161\u00ed houslisty sv\u011bta.<br \/>\nZe \u0161koly vy\u0161el Mann v \u0161estn\u00e1cti letech a nem\u011bl moc jasno, co bude d\u011blat d\u00e1le. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se dal k americk\u00e9mu letectvu, do akce se v\u0161ak nikdy nedostal. Po v\u00e1lce vystudoval University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), kde z\u00edskal titul z fyziky. <\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch v byznysu p\u0159i\u0161el v roce 1956, kdy zalo\u017eil firmu Spectrolab. Americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da ji najala pro v\u00fdvoj nav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f do raket. Pozd\u011bji zalo\u017eil spole\u010dnost Heliotek vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky pro raketopl\u00e1ny. Ob\u011b firmy v roce 1960 prodal za deset milion\u016f dolar\u016f.<br \/>\nPot\u00e9 u\u017e zam\u00ed\u0159il do oblasti l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ur\u010dit\u00fdm impulsem byla smrt otce na infarkt. Mann proto zalo\u017eil firmu Pacesetter Systems, kter\u00e1 si dala za c\u00edl vyrobit dob\u00edjec\u00ed kardiostimul\u00e1tory. Spole\u010dnost se brzy stala dvojkou na trhu s t\u011bmito p\u0159\u00edstroji v USA a v roce 1985 ji koupil Siemens za 150 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>S dal\u0161\u00ed firmou MiniMed se Mann zam\u011b\u0159il na mal\u00e9 pumpy, kter\u00e9 b\u011bhem dne automaticky dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed inzulin pacient\u016fm trp\u00edc\u00edm cukrovkou. Jeho posledn\u00ed v\u00fdzna\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed firma Advanced Bionics vyvinula speci\u00e1ln\u00ed implant\u00e1t do ucha, pom\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edm. <\/p>\n<p>Medic\u00ednsk\u00fd filantrop <\/p>\n<p>Mannovo \u017eivotn\u00ed kr\u00e9do je jednoduch\u00e9: &#8222;Sna\u017e\u00edm se pom\u00e1hat lidem. Jak jinak bych byl schopen pracovat i v devades\u00e1ti, kdybych nem\u011bl n\u011bco, co m\u011b motivuje,&#8220; tvrd\u00ed Mann.<br \/>\nKdy\u017e si n\u011bco umane, jde vytrvale za sv\u00fdm. Dob\u0159e to demonstruje jeho boj o l\u00e9k Afrezza, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje inhalovat inzulin. Diabetik\u016fm, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u011btsk\u00fdm, d\u00edky n\u011bmu mohou odpadnout ka\u017edodenn\u00ed starosti s vpichy jehel. Zalo\u017eil kv\u016fli tomu firmu MannKind a po t\u0159in\u00e1cti letech v\u00fdvoje a miliard\u011b dolar\u016f investovan\u00fdch z vlastn\u00ed kapsy to dok\u00e1zal. V \u010dervnu 2014 z\u00edskal povolen\u00ed od americk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu pro kontrolu l\u00e9\u010div (FDA). Na to zareagoval francouzsk\u00fd farmaceutick\u00fd kolos Sanofi , kter\u00fd za \u010d\u00e1stku 925 milion\u016f dolar\u016f z\u00edskal na l\u00e9k Afrezza licenci. Spole\u010dnosti MannKind nav\u00edc poplyne 35 procent z budouc\u00edch zisk\u016f z l\u00e9ku. <\/p>\n<p>Mann je tak\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bdr\u00fd filantrop. Postavil t\u0159i instituty nesouc\u00ed jeho jm\u00e9no \u2013 p\u0159i univerzit\u011b v Ji\u017en\u00ed Kalifornii, na univerzit\u011b v Purdue a v izraelsk\u00e9m Technionu. Dohromady jim dal p\u0159es 370 milion\u016f dolar\u016f. Jejich n\u00e1pln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch objev\u016f do komer\u010dn\u00ed praxe. <\/p>\n<p>Mann je po\u010dtvrt\u00e9 \u017eenat\u00fd a m\u00e1 celkem sedm d\u011bt\u00ed. Jeho \u010dtvrt\u00e1 \u017eena Claude nen\u00ed \u017didovka, m\u00e1 ale na rozd\u00edl od n\u011bho velmi \u017eiv\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky na holocaust. Narodila se toti\u017e za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1bo\u0159e. Jej\u00ed rodina tam skon\u010dila za to, \u017ee otec byl \u010dlenem francouzsk\u00e9ho odboje a p\u0159ed nacisty schov\u00e1val \u017didy. <\/p>\n<p>Mannovo jm\u011bn\u00ed se odhaduje na 1,1 miliardy dolar\u016f. St\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011b pracuje 70 hodin t\u00fddn\u011b. V minulosti pr\u00fd vtipkoval, \u017ee odejde do d\u016fchodu ve 144 letech. <\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Ned\u011bl\u00e1m to pro pen\u00edze. O m\u00e9 d\u011bti je velmi dob\u0159e postar\u00e1no,&#8220; uvedl Mann v jednom z rozhovor\u016f. Na druhou stranu dok\u00e1zal i ve\u0159ejn\u011b ventilovat zklam\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u00edsto jmen u\u017eil \u0159adov\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslovek. &#8222;M\u00e9 p\u00e1t\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b nikdy nepracovalo, \u0161est\u00e9 tak\u00e9 ne,&#8220; povzdychl si v minulosti.<\/p>\n<p>Pavel Hejkrl\u00edk<br \/>\nT\u00fdden<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Utratil miliardu dolar\u016f za p\u0159elomov\u00fd l\u00e9k proti cukrovce, financoval v\u00fdvoj speci\u00e1ln\u00edho kardiostimul\u00e1toru i implant\u00e1tu do ucha pro nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed americk\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu ALFRED MANN <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=19926\" title=\"Americk\u00fd miliard\u00e1\u0159 zah\u00e1jil boj proti slepot\u011b\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19926"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19926\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}