{"id":20167,"date":"2015-05-03T06:55:04","date_gmt":"2015-05-03T04:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=20167"},"modified":"2015-05-03T06:56:47","modified_gmt":"2015-05-03T04:56:47","slug":"treti-cesta-nemocenske","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=20167","title":{"rendered":"T\u0159et\u00ed cesta nemocensk\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava, kterou zavedla Topol\u00e1nkova vl\u00e1da takzvanou „karen\u010dn\u00ed dobu“, tedy \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed dn\u016f nemocensk\u00e9, po kter\u00e9 nem\u00e1 nemocn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk pr\u00e1vo na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017en\u00ed prost\u0159edky, je nespravedlnost.<\/strong><\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: Photoxpress<\/p>\n

Tento stav je nep\u0159ijateln\u00fd. Zat\u00edmco pojistn\u00e9 mus\u00edme platit st\u00e1le, nez\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me z n\u011bj prvn\u00ed t\u0159i dny prost\u0159edky. Odporuje tak\u00e9 Chart\u011b OSN, jej\u00edm\u017e je \u010cesk\u00e1 republika signat\u00e1\u0159em. Podle n\u00ed mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va pat\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e pr\u00e1vo na zabezpe\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i do\u010dasn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed neschopnosti pro nemoc a \u00faraz.<\/p>\n

O t\u011bchto skute\u010dnostech ji\u017e ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 debat\u011b v z\u00e1sad\u011b nen\u00ed sporu, a\u017e na mal\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky. Spor se nyn\u00ed vede o to, kdo a v jak\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i m\u00e1 prvn\u00ed t\u0159i dny nemoci hradit. St\u00e1t, nebo zam\u011bstnavatel? A vyplatila se \u00faprava?<\/p>\n

Statistiky hovo\u0159\u00ed jasn\u011b. Od zaveden\u00ed karen\u010dn\u00ed doby stouply celkov\u00e9 v\u00fddaje na zdravotnictv\u00ed na jednoho obyvatele. Skokov\u011b se mezi roky 2008 a 2009 zv\u00fd\u0161ily. Je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2008 byly ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 v\u00fddaje na zdravotnictv\u00ed na obyvatele v \u010cR 20 971 K\u010d, od roku 2009 p\u0159ekro\u010dily hranici 23 tis\u00edc K\u010d, nad n\u00ed\u017e se st\u00e1le dr\u017e\u00ed. Stoupla tak\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 doba, po kterou jsou lid\u00e9 v pracovn\u00ed neschopnosti.<\/p>\n

V obdob\u00ed 2007 a\u017e 2009 se zv\u00fd\u0161ila zhruba o 40 procent, v roce 2012 trval jeden p\u0159\u00edpad v pr\u016fm\u011bru 41 dn\u016f a trend se nem\u011bn\u00ed.
\nZ toho se d\u00e1 vyvozovat, \u017ee lid\u00e9 kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 nachlazen\u00ed, ch\u0159ipky a dal\u0161\u00ed nemoci p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed. Necht\u011bj\u00ed nebo nemohou \u010derpat dovolenou, kter\u00e1 z principu nen\u00ed ur\u010dena pro p\u0159\u00edpad nemoci. Je ur\u010dena k odpo\u010dinku a na\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch sil do pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee p\u0159echozen\u00e1 nemoc se pozd\u011bji vr\u00e1t\u00ed v dlouhodob\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd zase zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady. Del\u0161\u00ed nemocnost se tedy projevila obecn\u011b v nutnosti vynakl\u00e1dat na zdravotnictv\u00ed v\u00edce pen\u011bz, proto\u017ee preventivn\u00ed mo\u017enost „z\u016fstat doma“ lid\u00e9 nevyu\u017e\u00edvali.<\/p>\n

Nemocn\u00ed chod\u00ed do pr\u00e1ce, nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed se, co\u017e se projevuje v n\u00e1sledn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladech na l\u00e9\u010dbu (l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed p\u0159echozen\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed). A je\u0161t\u011b nakaz\u00ed sv\u00e9 okol\u00ed, kolemjdouc\u00ed, kolegy v pr\u00e1ci. N\u00e1zory, podle kter\u00fdch je ch\u0159ipka stejn\u00e1 „sedm dn\u00ed s l\u00e9\u010dbou, nebo t\u00fdden bez l\u00e9\u010dby“, jsou nejsp\u00ed\u0161e t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed ch\u0159ipku nikdy nem\u011bli. Jinak by v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee se s n\u00ed opravdu do pr\u00e1ce chodit ned\u00e1 a mus\u00ed se vyle\u017eet.<\/p>\n

Ohledn\u011b plateb pak plat\u00ed, \u017ee v z\u00e1sad\u011b maj\u00ed pravdu ob\u011b strany. St\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee znovu za\u010d\u00edt platit nemocenskou v prvn\u00edch t\u0159ech dnech, ale pak je logick\u00e9, aby op\u011bt zv\u00fd\u0161il odvody zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f. Ti plat\u00ed d\u00edky sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. Tedy i oni by mohli platit a nechat si sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 odvody.<\/p>\n

Je zde v\u0161ak cesta t\u0159et\u00ed,<\/strong> kter\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b. Podobn\u011b jako v jin\u00fdch st\u00e1tech by platby nemocensk\u00e9 ne\u0161ly jen ze zdroj\u016f zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f \u010di soci\u00e1ln\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed (st\u00e1tu), ale tak\u00e9 zdravotn\u00edho.<\/p>\n

Finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e by tedy byla \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vyvedena ze st\u00e1tn\u00edho i firemn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu a p\u0159enesla by se na poji\u0161\u0165ovny. Nemocensk\u00e1 by se tak platila z dan\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch skute\u010dn\u011b na nemoc, tedy zdravotn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tento syst\u00e9m by kontrolovaly zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny. Ty maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 p\u00e1ky na kontrolu l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou a m\u011bli by b\u00fdt kone\u010dnou autoritou, kter\u00e1 rozhoduje, kdo je a kdo nen\u00ed nemocn\u00fd a jak dlouho nemocn\u00fd b\u00fdt m\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed nepropl\u00e1cen\u00ed v\u00edkend\u016f pak zajist\u00ed, \u017ee i ti nejpiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1\u0159i, chata\u0159i \u010di v\u00fdletn\u00edci si nevezmou p\u00e1tek a pond\u011bl\u00ed na p\u0159ilep\u0161enou. Firmy ani st\u00e1t pak nemus\u00ed zvy\u0161ovat po\u010det kontrolor\u016f l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu.<\/p>\n

Thomas Kulidakis
\nAutor je politolog<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava, kterou zavedla Topol\u00e1nkova vl\u00e1da takzvanou „karen\u010dn\u00ed dobu“, tedy \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed dn\u016f nemocensk\u00e9, po kter\u00e9 nem\u00e1 nemocn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk pr\u00e1vo na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19656,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20167"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20167\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}