{"id":20177,"date":"2015-03-01T11:36:16","date_gmt":"2015-03-01T10:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=20177"},"modified":"2015-03-01T11:48:25","modified_gmt":"2015-03-01T10:48:25","slug":"o-mirnych-poruchach-pameti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=20177","title":{"rendered":"O m\u00edrn\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch pam\u011bti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pam\u011b\u0165, kterou jsou vybaveny lidsk\u00e9 bytosti, se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, kde je t\u0159eba si zapamatovat \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edce v\u011bc\u00ed, den ode dne m\u00e9n\u011b vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed, p\u00ed\u0161e italsk\u00fd den\u00edk Corriere della Sera. <\/strong><\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: murielle \/ stock.xchng<\/p>\n

Je tu tolik informac\u00ed, na n\u011b\u017e si nevzpomeneme pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9 chv\u00edli, kdy to pot\u0159ebujeme: jm\u00e9no osoby, s n\u00ed\u017e jsme se u\u017e setkali, dal\u0161\u00ed PIN, heslo internetov\u00e9ho serveru, kter\u00e9 jsme zadali p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edci a spousta dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed. Kdy\u017e zapom\u00edn\u00e1me opakovan\u011b, za\u010dneme se znepokojovat, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud se to s v\u011bkem zhor\u0161uje. Je takov\u00e1 d\u011brav\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee se mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bychom si m\u011bli zapamatovat, v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ilo, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u t\u011bch, jejich\u017e profese je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. V\u011bdci tak za\u010dali zji\u0161\u0165ovat, kdy jde skute\u010dn\u011b o poruchy pam\u011bti a jak\u00e9 jsou rozd\u00edly mezi ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pam\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je schopna pojmout v\u0161e, co je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, a re\u00e1lnou pam\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 naopak nesta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u0161echno.<\/p>\n

Funk\u010dn\u00ed poruchou pam\u011bti rozum\u00edme stav, kdy si osoba st\u011b\u017euje na v\u00fdpadky pam\u011bti v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde je t\u0159eba si zapamatovat \u010detn\u00e1 rozli\u010dn\u00e1 fakta. Nem\u00e1 to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, ani fyzick\u00e9, ani psychick\u00e9. „Je to porucha vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se \u010dast\u011bji mezi osobami, kter\u00e9 z hlediska profesion\u00e1ln\u00edho a soci\u00e1ln\u011b ekonomick\u00e9ho stoj\u00ed na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm stupni. Osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na pam\u011b\u0165, v\u00edce hroz\u00ed, \u017ee se u nich projev\u00ed neschopnost vyrovn\u00e1vat se s nedostatky pam\u011bti i s jej\u00edmi b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, kter\u00e9 jsou vyvol\u00e1ny zm\u011bnami n\u00e1lady, stresem a pokro\u010dil\u00fdm v\u011bkem,“ uvedli experti z britsk\u00e9 Sheffieldsk\u00e9 univerzity.<\/p>\n

Kdo si v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 i drobn\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 schopnosti si n\u011bco zapamatovat a v\u011bnuje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pozornost sv\u00fdm pozn\u00e1vac\u00edm schopnostem, m\u00edv\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee tu cosi nehraje. „Vyv\u00edj\u00ed se u n\u011bho stres vyvolan\u00fd nesouladem mezi vysoce n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky na pam\u011b\u0165 a jej\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi,“ uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u011bdci. \u010c\u00edm d\u00e9le trv\u00e1 stres, t\u00edm v\u00edce m\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 tendenci fungovat \u0161patn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm projevem nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 pam\u011bti, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt patologick\u00fd, je takzvan\u00e1 m\u00edrn\u00e1 kognitivn\u00ed porucha (mild cognitive impairment). Je to stav, jeho\u017e podstata a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvoj vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed i mezi v\u011bdci mnoh\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. Kdo j\u00ed trp\u00ed, m\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch schopnost\u00ed, ale dok\u00e1\u017ee fungovat v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeno v\u011bkem, dlouhodob\u00fdmi depresivn\u00edmi stavy nebo chronick\u00fdm alkoholismem. Tyto rozd\u00edln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny se projevuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi symptomy a v\u00fdvoj je nejist\u00fd. „P\u016fvodn\u00edm c\u00edlem t\u00e9to klasifikace bylo rozli\u0161it osoby s vysok\u00fdm rizikem Alzheimerovy choroby \u010di dal\u0161\u00edch neurovegetativn\u00edch poruch, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k demenci. Nelze v\u0161ak \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee by bylo tohoto c\u00edle dosa\u017eeno,“ vysv\u011btluj\u00ed v\u011bdci.<\/p>\n

V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u00e1 m\u00edrn\u00e1 kognitivn\u00ed porucha p\u0159echodn\u00fd charakter umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u00e9 uzdraven\u00ed, k n\u011bmu\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed pot\u00e9, co je p\u0159ekon\u00e1n dlouhodob\u00fd depresivn\u00ed stav. Nem\u00e1 tedy nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s \u017e\u00e1dnou formou demence. „Av\u0161ak mezi laiky a ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed vl\u00e1dne p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u00edrn\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch funkc\u00ed znamen\u00e1 nevyhnutelnou cestu k n\u011bjak\u00e9 form\u011b demence,“ dodali brit\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci. Jeden v\u00fdzkum uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00fd mezi americk\u00fdmi neurology uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 procent z nich bylo o t\u00e9to nevyhnutelnosti p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deno. Tento stav, nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se na polovi\u010dn\u00ed cest\u011b mezi norm\u00e1ln\u00edm a patologick\u00fdm stavem, ukazuje, \u017ee mezi t\u011bmito stavy nen\u00ed jasn\u00e1 hranice. \u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee poci\u0165ovat ztr\u00e1tu n\u011bkter\u00fdch pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je zcela p\u0159echodn\u00e1 \u010di stabiln\u00ed, ale kter\u00e1 se d\u00e1l nerozvine. Jsou v\u0161ak ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke skute\u010dn\u00e9 demenci. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum m\u00e1 odhalit, jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny t\u011bchto specifick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pam\u011b\u0165, kterou jsou vybaveny lidsk\u00e9 bytosti, se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, kde je t\u0159eba si zapamatovat \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edce v\u011bc\u00ed, den ode dne […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20177"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20177\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}