{"id":20260,"date":"2015-03-05T12:28:52","date_gmt":"2015-03-05T11:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=20260"},"modified":"2015-03-05T12:28:52","modified_gmt":"2015-03-05T11:28:52","slug":"jak-vnimame-svet-kdyz-s-nami-nase-smysly-nespolupracuji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=20260","title":{"rendered":"Jak vn\u00edm\u00e1me sv\u011bt, kdy\u017e s n\u00e1mi na\u0161e smysly nespolupracuj\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

O existenci lid\u00ed, p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, barev, zvuk\u016f a vlastn\u011b \u010dehokoli v na\u0161em okol\u00ed bychom nem\u011bli tu\u0161en\u00ed, kdybychom nebyli vybaveni smyslov\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zrak, sluch, hmat, \u010dich a chu\u0165 je p\u011bt smysl\u016f, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm vn\u00edm\u00e1me barvy a sv\u011btlo, t\u00f3ny, \u0161elesty a zvuky, teplo, chlad, bolest, ale tak\u00e9 svou polohu, v\u016fn\u011b a chut\u011b. Ale nen\u00ed to v\u017edy tak jednoduch\u00e9. Na mnoha na\u0161ich vjemech se m\u016f\u017ee pod\u00edlet i n\u011bkolik smysl\u016f dohromady. Na\u0161e smysly nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b poskytuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mozek okam\u017eit\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1, tak\u017ee m\u00e1me k dispozici obraz sv\u011bta kolem, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s stimuluje k \u0159ad\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch reakc\u00ed.
\nSmyslov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny jsou dokonale propracovan\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem. Za \u017eivotn\u011b nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed se pova\u017euj\u00ed zrak a sluch, po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u010di dokonce ztr\u00e1ta kter\u00e9hokoli z nich citeln\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed kvalitu \u017eivota. Chu\u0165 a \u010dich se za tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nepova\u017euj\u00ed, ale i jejich ztr\u00e1ta \u017eivot \u010dlov\u011bka do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

Zrak<\/p>\n

D\u00edky tomuto smyslu vn\u00edm\u00e1me a\u017e t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny podn\u011bt\u016f z na\u0161eho okol\u00ed. Zrakem vn\u00edm\u00e1me sv\u011btlo, jeho intenzitu a barvu, co\u017e n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje rozezn\u00e1vat tvary, velikost, prostorov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, vzd\u00e1lenost a tak\u00e9 jak\u00fdkoli pohyb. Proto slepota a zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed tak v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje \u017eivot \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

K nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm poruch\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed dioptrick\u00e9 vady jako je kr\u00e1tkozrakost, dalekozrakost, astigmatizmus, vetchozrakost a podobn\u011b. K v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm o\u010dn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed i poruchy barevn\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed, \u0161eroslepost, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed rohovky a tak\u00e9 \u0161ed\u00fd a zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal, defekty s\u00edtnice \u010di r\u016fzn\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 vady. Zrak se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit tak\u00e9 \u00farazem, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit nejen poruchy zraku, ale tak\u00e9 jeho do\u010dasnou \u010di trvalou ztr\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e modern\u00ed v\u011bda st\u00e1le p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e1 p\u0159evratn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, nelze zat\u00edm ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f slepotu a ztr\u00e1tu zraku vyl\u00e9\u010dit. S \u00fasp\u011bchem lze v\u0161ak odstranit \u0159adu o\u010dn\u00edch vad, a to jak optick\u00fdmi pom\u016fckami (br\u00fdle a kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky), tak i ambulantn\u00edmi laserov\u00fdmi operacemi \u010di klasick\u00fdmi chirurgick\u00fdmi z\u00e1kroky, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch lze dokonce nahradit rohovku \u010di o\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dku.<\/p>\n

K velmi obl\u00edben\u00fdm z\u00e1krok\u016fm dnes pat\u0159\u00ed ambulantn\u00ed laserov\u00e9 operace, zejm\u00e9na modern\u00ed zp\u016fsob l\u00e9\u010dby dioptri\u00ed femtosekundov\u00fdm laserem bez pou\u017eit\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli ostr\u00fdch nebo \u0159ezn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou odstran\u011bn\u00ed dioptri\u00ed je tzv. NeoSMILE 3D. Hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159ednostmi t\u00e9to metody jsou \u0161etrnost a bezpe\u010dnost. Z\u00e1krok m\u00e1 pro pacientovo zdrav\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod. Neporu\u0161\u00ed celistvost rohovky, jen nepatrn\u011b naru\u0161\u00ed slzn\u00fd film a m\u00edsto se rychle hoj\u00ed. Tato metoda je ur\u010dena pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed kr\u00e1tkozrakosti a lze j\u00ed odstranit i vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det dioptri\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro fyzicky aktivn\u00ed jedince se stabiln\u00ed dioptrickou vadou a s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi dioptriemi do d\u00e1lky (od minus 3 do minus 10) nebo s astigmatizmem.<\/p>\n

Sluch<\/p>\n

Tento smysl je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za druh\u00fd nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, umo\u017e\u0148uje vn\u00edmat zvuky, rozli\u0161ovat a reagovat na r\u016fzn\u00e9 zvukov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly a tak\u00e9 se dorozum\u00edvat. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou poruch sluchu mohou b\u00fdt genetick\u00e9 faktory, vrozen\u00e9 vady, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010di \u00faraz. Pozvoln\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta sluchu ale \u010dasto souvis\u00ed se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm \u2013 mu\u017ei postupn\u011b ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sluch ji\u017e od t\u0159iceti let, \u017eeny a\u017e pozd\u011bji (45 let). Ale nezanedbateln\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed sluchu vlivem nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdbuchu \u010di v\u00fdst\u0159elu v bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti nebo poslechem p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hlasit\u00e9 hudby. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm jsou dnes r\u016fzn\u00e1 naslouch\u00e1tka a tak\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech funguj\u00ed jako funk\u010dn\u00ed smyslov\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada, kter\u00e1 navrac\u00ed lidem sluch a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jim za\u0159adit se zp\u011bt do \u017eivota pln\u00e9ho zvuk\u016f p\u0159\u00edrody, ulice, ale tak\u00e9 hlas\u016f sv\u00fdch bl\u00edzk\u00fdch. Takov\u00e9 okam\u017eiky m\u016f\u017eete prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm videa pro\u017e\u00edt spolu s lidmi, kter\u00e9 vr\u00e1tilo naslouch\u00e1tko zp\u011bt do zvu\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

\u010cich a chu\u0165<\/p>\n

Za nejm\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd smysl je pova\u017eov\u00e1n \u010dich, p\u0159itom n\u00e1s ale p\u0159\u00edmo a velmi rychle informuje o kvalit\u011b ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, umo\u017e\u0148uje vn\u00edmat pachy a v\u016fn\u011b okol\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojem informac\u00ed. D\u00edky n\u011bmu dok\u00e1\u017eeme rozeznat v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000 rozd\u00edln\u00fdch v\u016fn\u00ed. Ztr\u00e1ta \u010dichu nebo jeho oslaben\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobena onemocn\u011bn\u00edm (do\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159i nachlazen\u00ed, r\u00fdm\u011b, alergii), ale tak\u00e9 chemick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, \u00farazem. L\u00e9\u010dba spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, vitamin\u016f, ve slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech se p\u0159istupuje k chirurgick\u00e9mu z\u00e1kroku. Neexistuje v\u0161ak \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada, kter\u00e1 by pomohla trvalou ztr\u00e1tu \u010dichu vy\u0159e\u0161it. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i na ztr\u00e1tu \u010dichu upozor\u0148uj\u00ed jako na spojitost s jin\u00fdmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi. Rad\u00ed proto tuto komplikaci nepodce\u0148ovat a do\u017eadovat se dal\u0161\u00edch vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny chuti jsou chu\u0165ov\u00e9 poh\u00e1rky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na povrchu jazyka. Rozli\u0161uj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed chut\u011b \u2013 ho\u0159k\u00e9, kysel\u00e9, slan\u00e9 a sladk\u00e9. Chu\u0165 je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro \u010dinnost tr\u00e1vic\u00edho \u00fastroj\u00ed a reflexn\u00ed vym\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00edch \u0161\u0165\u00e1v a slin. Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed chut\u00ed v\u0161ak \u00fazce souvis\u00ed i s \u010dichem, to pozn\u00e1te sami, kdy\u017e si p\u0159i j\u00eddle ucpete nos, a m\u016f\u017eete si i zakr\u00fdt o\u010di (i ty zde hraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 svou roli). V d\u016fsledku propojen\u00ed \u010dichu a chuti m\u016f\u017eeme m\u00edt tak\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i r\u00fdm\u011b pocit, \u017ee je j\u00eddlo bez chuti.<\/p>\n

Hmat<\/p>\n

\u010cidla tohoto smyslu se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na povrchu cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla, nejsou v\u0161ak rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bna \u2013 nejv\u00edc jich maj\u00ed kone\u010dky prst\u016f, dlan\u011b, jazyk, a rty. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1m rozpoznat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed vjem\u016f \u2013 jak\u00fd je povrch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, teplota, zprost\u0159edkuj\u00ed n\u00e1m pocity tlaku, doteku, bolesti. Ta je velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro na\u0161i bezpe\u010dnost a ochranu, nebo\u0165 n\u00e1s stimuluje k reakci \u2013 \u00faniku, zm\u011bn\u011b polohy a podobn\u011b. Hmat zhor\u0161uj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na r\u016fzn\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed postihuj\u00edc\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m a tak\u00e9 \u00farazy \u2013 pop\u00e1leniny, polept\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farazy, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed zakon\u010den\u00ed ko\u017en\u00edch nerv\u016f. Lidsk\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee m\u00e1 velkou regenera\u010dn\u00ed schopnost, proto \u0159adu po\u0161kozen\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b sama napravit, p\u0159i velk\u00e9m po\u0161kozen\u00ed ji v\u0161ak zat\u00edm, pr\u00e1v\u011b pro velk\u00fd po\u010det nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee nahradit.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 video<\/p>\n

Jak je sluch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, si mnoho lid\u00ed uv\u011bdom\u00ed a\u017e teprve ve chv\u00edli, kdy o n\u011bj p\u0159ijde. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 nesly\u0161\u00ed ji\u017e od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku nebo dokonce od narozen\u00ed. A\u0165 je ztr\u00e1ta sluchu zavin\u011bn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edmkoliv, jeho op\u011btovn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat je pro posti\u017een\u00e9 n\u011b\u010d\u00edm nepopsateln\u00fdm. Chcete-li se pod\u00edvat na reakce lid\u00ed, kter\u00fdm se d\u00edky naslouch\u00e1tku sluch op\u011bt navr\u00e1til, nav\u0161tivte str\u00e1nky Den\u00edku www.denik.cz nebo se pod\u00edvejte p\u0159\u00edmo na tento odkaz. https:\/\/www.facebook. com\/video.php?v=10152 508291957126&pnref=story<\/p>\n

Libereck\u00fd den\u00edk
\nhttp:\/\/www.liberecky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O existenci lid\u00ed, p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, barev, zvuk\u016f a vlastn\u011b \u010dehokoli v na\u0161em okol\u00ed bychom nem\u011bli tu\u0161en\u00ed, kdybychom nebyli vybaveni smyslov\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20260"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20260\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15628"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}