{"id":21278,"date":"2015-05-13T08:00:23","date_gmt":"2015-05-13T06:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21278"},"modified":"2015-05-13T08:00:23","modified_gmt":"2015-05-13T06:00:23","slug":"oecd-nejvice-zkusenosti-s-alkoholem-maji-15leti-v-cr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21278","title":{"rendered":"OECD: Nejv\u00edce zku\u0161enost\u00ed s alkoholem maj\u00ed 15let\u00ed v \u010cR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po\u010det patn\u00e1ctilet\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s alkoholem, se v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v letech 2002 a\u017e 2012 zv\u00fd\u0161il ze 70 na 94 procent. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed to zpr\u00e1va Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a rozvoj (OECD), kterou v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei zve\u0159ejnil jej\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Jos\u00e9 \u00c1ngel Gurr\u00eda. Ze v\u0161ech zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 OECD sleduje, \u010cesko vych\u00e1z\u00ed nejh\u016f\u0159e.<\/strong><\/p>\n

foto: Flickr.com<\/p>\n

I celkov\u00e1 spot\u0159eba alkoholu je v \u010cR nad pr\u016fm\u011brem zkouman\u00fdch zem\u00ed, ale je relativn\u011b „stabiln\u00ed“. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pr\u016fm\u011br v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 organizace m\u00e1 klesaj\u00edc\u00ed tendenci. V roce 2012 p\u0159ipadalo na jednoho \u010cecha 11,6 litru spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9ho \u010dist\u00e9ho alkoholu, zat\u00edmco odhadovan\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br zem\u00ed OECD \u010dinil 9,1 litru.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m s alkoholem je ale celosv\u011btov\u00fd, konstatoval Gurr\u00eda. „N\u00e1klady spole\u010dnosti a ekonomiky plynouc\u00ed z nadm\u011brn\u00e9 konzumace alkoholu jsou na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b obrovsk\u00e9, a to zejm\u00e9na v zem\u00edch OECD,“ zd\u016fraznil. Nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1va OECD proto zd\u016fraz\u0148uje pot\u0159ebu nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 akce vl\u00e1d a poskytuje jasn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, \u017ee i n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 preventivn\u00ed kroky m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed proti ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b alkoholu jsou z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska rentabiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o spot\u0159ebu alkoholu u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch v zem\u00edch OECD, podle dnes zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy se odhaduje, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na jednoho \u010dlov\u011bka v pr\u016fm\u011bru kolem deseti litr\u016f \u010dist\u00e9ho alkoholu, co\u017e je ekvivalent v\u00edce ne\u017e stovky lahv\u00ed v\u00edna. Celkov\u011b tato spot\u0159eba za 20 let m\u00edrn\u011b klesla.<\/p>\n

Mezi zem\u011b, kde spot\u0159eba naopak vzrostla, zpr\u00e1va \u0159ad\u00ed zejm\u00e9na Finsko, Island, Izrael, Norsko, Polsko a \u0160v\u00e9dsko. V\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bylo v Rusku, Braz\u00edlii, Indii a \u010c\u00edn\u011b, i kdy\u017e ve dvou posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00fdch st\u00e1tech jde o vzestup z n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b spot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n

Dokument rovn\u011b\u017e upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee v mnoha zem\u00edch OECD se zv\u00fd\u0161ila m\u00edra ob\u010dasn\u00e9ho t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pit\u00ed mezi d\u011btmi a ml\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u d\u00edvek. Od po\u010d\u00e1tku nov\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed pod\u00edl chlapc\u016f do 15 let, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e byli opil\u00ed, vzrostl z 30 na 43 procent, a d\u00edvek z 26 na 41 procent.<\/p>\n

V \u010cesku by ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ed alkoholem m\u011bl \u0159e\u0161it z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipravilo ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed. Norma, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje i kou\u0159en\u00ed a neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed drogy, \u010dek\u00e1 na projedn\u00e1n\u00ed ve vl\u00e1d\u011b, pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost je od roku 2016.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u00e1vrhu by v \u010cR stouply sankce za prodej alkoholu d\u011btem. Pokud by byly v provozovn\u011b opil\u00e9 d\u011bti, byla by ihned na dva dny uzav\u0159ena. V prodejn\u00edch automatech by alkohol nesm\u011bl b\u00fdt, proto\u017ee nelze ov\u011b\u0159it v\u011bk kupuj\u00edc\u00edho. K prodeji na internetu by musel b\u00fdt syst\u00e9m ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bku. Z\u00e1kaz prodeje a nal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed by byl tak\u00e9 ve zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, \u0161kol\u00e1ch, na akc\u00edch pro d\u011bti, ve st\u00e1nc\u00edch, na tr\u017ei\u0161ti a krom\u011b piva i na sportovn\u00edch akc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed protidrogov\u00fd koordin\u00e1tor Jind\u0159ich Vobo\u0159il \u010cTK \u0159ekl, \u017ee zat\u00edm se v \u010cR prod\u00e1v\u00e1 alkohol v podstat\u011b kdekoli, co\u017e ve vysp\u011bl\u00e9 Evrop\u011b nen\u00ed. Platn\u00fd z\u00e1kon nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b vynucov\u00e1n, pravicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy jinde v Evrop\u011b jsou v tom p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, uvedl.<\/p>\n

Ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b OECD se rovn\u011b\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee anal\u00fdza dopadu preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed proti zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed alkoholu v \u010cR, Kanad\u011b a N\u011bmecku ukazuje, \u017ee tato aktivita m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit m\u00edru siln\u00e9ho pit\u00ed a z\u00e1vislosti o p\u011bt a\u017e deset procent.<\/p>\n

Jako vhodn\u00e9 kroky v boji proti alkoholismu OECD doporu\u010duje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u00e9\u010di l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou ohro\u017een\u00e9 lidi upozornit na \u0161kodlivou m\u00edru pit\u00ed a p\u0159im\u011bt je, aby tento probl\u00e9m za\u010dali \u0159e\u0161it. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou i p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kony upravuj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enou spot\u0159ebu alkoholu p\u0159ed j\u00edzdou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e lze sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed dopravn\u00edch nehod. V \u010cR z\u00e1kon alkohol za volantem zakazuje.<\/p>\n

Vhodn\u00e9 je podle OECD tak\u00e9 zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdmi dan\u011bmi nebo zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00edch cen levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho alkoholu. Pomoci m\u016f\u017ee i v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed regulace reklamy nebo investice do v\u00fdchovy ml\u00e1de\u017ee zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed \u0161kodlivost\u00ed pit\u00ed alkoholu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po\u010det patn\u00e1ctilet\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s alkoholem, se v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v letech 2002 a\u017e 2012 zv\u00fd\u0161il ze 70 na 94 procent. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed to zpr\u00e1va […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21278\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21279"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}