{"id":21439,"date":"2015-05-22T11:01:29","date_gmt":"2015-05-22T09:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21439"},"modified":"2015-05-22T11:01:29","modified_gmt":"2015-05-22T09:01:29","slug":"zpusobu-jak-parkinsonovu-chorobu-zpomalit-je-mnoho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21439","title":{"rendered":"Zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak Parkinsonovu chorobu zpomalit, je mnoho"},"content":{"rendered":"

Parkinsonova nemoc byla poprv\u00e9 pops\u00e1na v roce 1817 lond\u00fdnsk\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em Jamesem Parkinsonem a p\u0159elo\u017eena do \u010de\u0161tiny jako obrna t\u0159aslav\u00e1. Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak o obrnu nejedn\u00e1.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Na ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b Parkinsonovy choroby odpov\u00edd\u00e1 neurolo\u017eka Lucie Ondrov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

– Co je Parkinsonova choroba a jakou \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla postihuje?<\/p>\n

Parkinsonova nemoc je chronick\u00e9 progresivn\u00ed neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed postihuj\u00edc\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 struktury centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9muprojevuj\u00edc\u00ed se typickou poruchou hybnosti, (celkov\u00e1 ztuhlost, t\u0159es) a dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edznaky.<\/p>\n

– Co je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou t\u00e9to choroby?<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je z\u00e1nik nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk (neuron\u016f) v ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech mozku, kter\u00fd vede k nedostatku dopaminu, nervov\u00e9ho p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010de sign\u00e1l\u016f mezi nervov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami. Nedostatek dopaminu pr\u00e1v\u011b zp\u016fsobuje typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky Parkinsonovy nemoci.<\/p>\n

– Jakou v\u011bkovou skupinu postihuje a je v\u00fdskyt \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u mu\u017e\u016f nebo \u017een?<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk na po\u010d\u00e1tku nemoci je 60 let. U10 procent pacient\u016f se nemoc manifestuje ji\u017e p\u0159ed 40. rokem v\u011bku, u 10 procent po 75. roce. Postihuje ob\u011b pohlav\u00ed, o n\u011bco \u010dast\u011bji se v\u0161ak vyskytuje u mu\u017e\u016f. D\u00e1le se nemoc vyskytuje v\u00edce u Indoevropan\u016f ne\u017e nap\u0159. u Afri\u010dan\u016f a Asiat\u016f.<\/p>\n

– M\u00e1 vliv genetika?<\/p>\n

Umal\u00e9 skupiny pacient\u016f je zn\u00e1mo genetick\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Je to hlavn\u011b u nemocn\u00fdch, u kter\u00fdch se tato nemoc vyskytuje p\u0159ed 40.rokem v\u011bku.<\/p>\n

– Jak se nemoc projevuje a existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, podle kter\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 odhalit nemoc ji\u017e ve sv\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku?<\/p>\n

Diagn\u00f3za se op\u00edr\u00e1 o typick\u00fd n\u00e1lez. P\u0159\u00edznaky b\u00fdvaj\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku nemoci nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. Nemocn\u00fd je v\u00edce unaven\u00fd, m\u00e1 pocit tuhosti, t\u00ed\u017ee kon\u010detin, k\u0159e\u010d\u00ed, bolesti kloub\u016f a zad, celkov\u00e9 zpomalen\u00ed a poruchy ch\u016fze, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 sekrece slin, slz a potu. N\u011bkdy b\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomen klidov\u00fd rytmick\u00fd pomal\u00fd t\u0159es nejd\u0159\u00edve na jedn\u00e9 z horn\u00edch kon\u010detin, pozd\u011bji se m\u016f\u017ee roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it na ob\u011b horn\u00ed kon\u010detiny, doln\u00ed kon\u010detiny a \u010delist. D\u00e1le se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed nekoordinovan\u00e9 a pomal\u00e9 pohyby, set\u0159el\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d, minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mimika v obli\u010deji. S obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm pohybem souvis\u00ed poruchy rovnov\u00e1hy, \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1dy. M\u016f\u017ee se vyskytnout \u00fazkost, demence, deprese, psych\u00f3za, poruchy sp\u00e1nku, z\u00e1cpa, inkontinence mo\u010di, poruchy erekce, n\u00edzk\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak.<\/p>\n

– Samotn\u00fd posti\u017een\u00fd si nejsp\u00ed\u0161 sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky neuv\u011bdomuje nebo ano? Jakou roli m\u00e1 v \u010dasn\u00e9m odhalen\u00ed rodina?<\/p>\n

Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se symptom\u016fm nev\u011bnuje pozornost. Nemocn\u00ed si za\u010dnou probl\u00e9m uv\u011bdomovat, a\u017e kdy\u017e nemoc pokro\u010d\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edznaky se prohloub\u00ed. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u010das nav\u0161t\u00edvit l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\n

– Jak\u00e1 je l\u00e9\u010dba t\u00e9to nemoci a lze nemoc \u00fapln\u011b vyl\u00e9\u010dit?<\/p>\n

Je mnoho zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zpomalit pr\u016fb\u011bh a pomoci pacient\u016fm v\u00e9st plnohodnotn\u00fd \u017eivot. Je pot\u0159eba komplexn\u00ed terapie. Napo\u010d\u00e1tku se l\u00e9\u010dba zahajuje r\u016fzn\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159enos vzruch\u016f. V\u00fdb\u011br l\u00e9ku je individu\u00e1ln\u00ed, \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se intenzitou p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, v\u011bkem a ostatn\u00edmi nemocemi, kter\u00fdmi pacient trp\u00ed. U pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch stadi\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se pod\u00e1v\u00e1 levodopa, ze kter\u00e9 se tvo\u0159\u00ed v mozku dopamin. D\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed levodopy je zna\u010dn\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u00ed, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm (mimovoln\u00ed pohyby, ztuhlost, tr\u00e1vic\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee). Mezi sou\u010d\u00e1st terapie by m\u011bla b\u00fdt br\u00e1na rehabilitace. Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed vyhrazenou pro pacienty nereaguj\u00edc\u00ed na l\u00e9\u010dbu je hlubok\u00e1 mozkov\u00e1 stimulace, kdy se do mozku zav\u00e1d\u00ed elektrody, pomoc\u00ed kter\u00fdch se mozek stimuluje.<\/p>\n

– Existuje prevence?<\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 prevence tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed neexistuje. Dle studi\u00ed se mezi protektivn\u00ed faktory vzniku PN jev\u00ed kou\u0159en\u00ed cigaret a pit\u00ed k\u00e1vy. Rizikov\u00fdmi faktory jsou mikrotraumata hlavy, expozice toxick\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m a u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed heroinu.<\/p>\n

– \u017d\u00edt a pe\u010dovat o \u010dlov\u011bka posti\u017een\u00e9ho touto chorobou je jist\u011b velmi psychicky i fyzicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. M\u016f\u017eete n\u011bco pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm doporu\u010dit?<\/p>\n

Ur\u010dit\u011b je vhodn\u00e9 podporovat sob\u011bsta\u010dnost pacienta, pom\u00e1hat mu pouze tehdy, pokud nen\u00ed s\u00e1m schopen v\u00fdkonu. B\u00fdt trp\u011bliv\u00fd, neposp\u00edchat na nemocn\u00e9ho. Nevy\u0159azovat se ze spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, podporovat fyzickou aktivitu. Pro pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pravideln\u011b si odpo\u010dinout. Existuj\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00e9 skupiny, stacion\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Neurolo\u017eka Lucie Ondrov\u00e1<\/p>\n

MARK\u00c9TA JANKOVSK\u00c1
\nP\u0159\u00edbramsk\u00fd den\u00edk
\nhttp:\/\/www.pribramsky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Parkinsonova nemoc byla poprv\u00e9 pops\u00e1na v roce 1817 lond\u00fdnsk\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em Jamesem Parkinsonem a p\u0159elo\u017eena do \u010de\u0161tiny jako obrna t\u0159aslav\u00e1. Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak o obrnu […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21439"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21439\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/19373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}