{"id":21477,"date":"2015-05-26T09:22:19","date_gmt":"2015-05-26T07:22:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21477"},"modified":"2015-05-26T09:22:19","modified_gmt":"2015-05-26T07:22:19","slug":"szu-varovny-je-pokles-proockovanosti-proti-pneumokokum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21477","title":{"rendered":"SZ\u00da: Varovn\u00fd je pokles proo\u010dkovanosti proti pneumokok\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Po za\u0159azen\u00ed vakc\u00edn proti pneumokoku do hrazen\u00e9ho nepovinn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u011b klesl po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed napaden\u00fdch touto z\u00e1ke\u0159nou bakteri\u00ed Streptococcus pneumoniae.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Z dat St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu (SZ\u00da) nav\u00edc vych\u00e1z\u00ed najevo jasn\u00e1 spojitost mezi m\u00edrou proo\u010dkovanosti a v\u00fdskytem pneumokokov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce o\u010dkovan\u00fdch, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, a naopak.<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edm v\u016fbec nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed proo\u010dkovanosti proti pneumokokov\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm bylo dle dat zdravotn\u00edch poji\u0161\u0165oven dosa\u017eeno v roce 2010. Tehdy vystoupala u VZP a\u017e na 85 %.<\/p>\n<p>V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech v\u0161ak proo\u010dkovanost relativn\u011b klesla a nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed byla dle zat\u00edm dostupn\u00fdch dat v roce 2013.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eV roce 2011 v nejmlad\u0161\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b 0  a\u017e 11 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, kter\u00e1 je c\u00edlovou vakcina\u010dn\u00ed skupinou pro pneumokokov\u00e9 konjugovan\u00e9 vakc\u00edny, nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 typem pneumokoka, proti kter\u00e9mu je vakc\u00edna ur\u010dena. Tento nulov\u00fd v\u00fdskyt byl zaznamen\u00e1n poprv\u00e9 za dobu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdskytu pneumokokov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e lze jednozna\u010dn\u011b ozna\u010dit za \u00fasp\u011bch zaveden\u00e9 plo\u0161n\u00e9 vakcinace. Naopak v roce 2013 klesla ve stejn\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupin\u011b proo\u010dkovanost na 75 %, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z deseti hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch invazivn\u00edch pneumokokov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed bylo \u0161est zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch s\u00e9rotypy, proti kter\u00fdm je vakc\u00edna ur\u010dena. Z t\u011bchto 10 nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f bylo pouze jedno d\u00edt\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1no,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 MUDr. Jana Koz\u00e1kov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed Odd\u011blen\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch n\u00e1kaz bakteri\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u016fvodu a N\u00e1rodn\u00ed referen\u010dn\u00ed laborato\u0159e pro streptokokov\u00e9 n\u00e1kazy SZ\u00da a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eDopad vakcina\u010dn\u00edho programu lze v\u0161ak hodnotit jednozna\u010dn\u011b pozitivn\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Zaveden\u00ed plo\u0161n\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1va\u017enost pneumokokov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a dostupnost vakc\u00edny vedla odborn\u00edky k \u00favaze o plo\u0161n\u00e9m o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nakonec bylo zavedeno.<\/p>\n<p>Od ledna 2010 tak zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny hrad\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti pneumokok\u016fm v\u0161em kojenc\u016fm, u kter\u00fdch jsou t\u0159i d\u00e1vky pod\u00e1ny do sedmi m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u011bku. \u010ctvrt\u00e1, tzv. posiluj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e1vka, je pod\u00e1na v rozmez\u00ed 6 \u2013 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Toto o\u010dkovac\u00ed sch\u00e9ma se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 3+1.<\/p>\n<p>V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice jsou dostupn\u00e9 2 pneumokokov\u00e9 konjugovan\u00e9 vakc\u00edny \u2013 tzv. \u201edesetivalentn\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e1 je poji\u0161\u0165ovnou pln\u011b hrazena. Za \u201et\u0159in\u00e1ctivalentn\u00ed\u201c mus\u00ed rodi\u010de z \u010d\u00e1sti doplatit.<\/p>\n<p>Pneumokokov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<br \/>\nOnemocn\u011bn\u00ed pneumokokem je rizikov\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro d\u011bti ve v\u011bku do p\u011bti let a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u0159ad\u011b komplikac\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bji postihuje d\u011bti neinvazivn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1n\u011bt st\u0159edn\u00edho ucha nebo z\u00e1pal plic. V\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed komplikace mohou nastat p\u0159i tzv. invazivn\u00edch pneumokokov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch, kdy bakterie pronikne do krve nebo mozkom\u00ed\u0161n\u00edho moku d\u00edt\u011bte. Invazivn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed velmi rychl\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh, mohou zanechat trval\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky (nap\u0159. hluchotu, opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed psychomotorick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje d\u00edt\u011bte a jin\u00e9) a dokonce zp\u016fsobit \u00famrt\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Po za\u0159azen\u00ed vakc\u00edn proti pneumokoku do hrazen\u00e9ho nepovinn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u011b klesl po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed napaden\u00fdch touto z\u00e1ke\u0159nou bakteri\u00ed Streptococcus pneumoniae.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21477\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}