{"id":21893,"date":"2015-06-23T18:43:38","date_gmt":"2015-06-23T16:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21893"},"modified":"2015-06-23T18:43:38","modified_gmt":"2015-06-23T16:43:38","slug":"cesi-podepisuji-nevyhodne-smlouvy-nectou-je-a-nerozumi-pojmum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21893","title":{"rendered":"\u010ce\u0161i podepisuj\u00ed nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9 smlouvy, ne\u010dtou je a nerozum\u00ed pojm\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b t\u0159etiny \u010cech\u016f v\u016fbec ne\u010dtou smlouvy a jen zlomek rozum\u00ed tomu, co podepisuj\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdznam zkratky RPSN zn\u00e1 pouze \u0161estina lid\u00ed. Pojem rozhod\u010d\u00ed dolo\u017eka um\u00ed vysv\u011btlit jen \u0161est procent \u010cech\u016f. <\/strong><\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: photoXpress <\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou, \u017ee lid\u00e9 kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 nepozornosti \u010dasto podep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed nev\u00fdhodnou smlouvu, kterou u\u017e nelze odvolat a m\u00e1 fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky pro n\u011b i pro jejich rodiny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kv\u016fli \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 smlouv\u011b se do pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed dostala u\u017e t\u0159etina \u010cech\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eTou nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chybou je to, \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed se s obsahem smlouvy dopodrobna nesezn\u00e1m\u00ed a d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje \u00fastn\u00edmu uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed druh\u00e9 strany. \u010castokr\u00e1t se tak zav\u00e1\u017eou k\u00a0n\u011b\u010demu, o \u010dem ani nev\u011bd\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enou chybou je podce\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamu listin, na kter\u00e9 je v textu smlouvy pouze odkazov\u00e1no, ale fyzicky k n\u00ed nejsou p\u0159ipojeny, to jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Stejn\u011b \u010dasto se podce\u0148uje v\u00fdznam ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed o smluvn\u00edch pokut\u00e1ch a jin\u00fdch sankc\u00edch nebo rozhod\u010d\u00ed dolo\u017ece. B\u011b\u017enou chybou je p\u0159esko\u010den\u00ed pojm\u016f, kter\u00fdm lid\u00e9 nerozum\u00ed,\u201c upozornil Ji\u0159\u00ed Hartmann z\u00a0advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Hartmann, Jel\u00ednek, Fr\u00e1\u0148a a partne\u0159i. <\/p>\n

Problematick\u00e1 je polo\u017eka ro\u010dn\u00ed procentn\u00ed sazby n\u00e1klad\u016f \u2013 RPSN. RPSN je souhrn n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch s p\u016fj\u010dkou vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fd v procentech z dlu\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky na jeden rok. V RPSN by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zapo\u010dtena nejen \u00farokov\u00e1 m\u00edra, ale tak\u00e9 v\u0161echny administrativn\u00ed \u010di jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0\u00fav\u011brem na obdob\u00ed jednoho roku. To jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad poplatky za uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, poplatky za veden\u00ed \u00fav\u011bru, poplatky za veden\u00ed \u00fa\u010dtu, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed schopnosti spl\u00e1cet a podobn\u011b. RPSN by tak m\u011bla poslou\u017eit jako srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdhodnost\u00ed \u00fav\u011br\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, p\u0159esahuje-li 40 a\u017e 50 procent,\u201c popsal Ji\u0159\u00ed Hartmann. <\/p>\n

\u00dav\u011br m\u00e1 v\u00a0\u010cesku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u0159et\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk, 40 procent \u010cech\u016f ale text \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 smlouvy ne\u010dte v\u016fbec, dal\u0161\u00ed t\u0159etina tomuto textu v\u011bnuje pouze 5 minut sv\u00e9 pozornosti.<\/p>\n

\u201eB\u011bhem tak kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby je tak\u0159ka nemo\u017en\u00e9, aby smlouvu prostudoval odborn\u00edk, nato\u017e laik. Je p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9, \u017ee mezi nejlehkov\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 v produktivn\u00edm v\u011bku od 25 do 44 let. Racion\u00e1ln\u011b \u010ce\u0161i o smlouv\u011b uva\u017euj\u00ed ve chv\u00edli, kdy ji ve skute\u010dnosti nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. Oproti tomu v okam\u017eiku, kdy se dostanou do finan\u010dn\u00ed t\u00edsn\u011b, podepisuj\u00ed i zna\u010dn\u011b nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9 smlouvy. \u010casto o finan\u010dn\u00ed nezodpov\u011bdnosti vypov\u00edd\u00e1 i to, \u017ee 12 procent \u010cech\u016f by si nev\u00e1halo p\u016fj\u010dit pen\u00edze od nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho nebo podez\u0159el\u00e9ho zdroje,\u201c uvedl Ji\u0159\u00ed Hartmann.<\/p>\n

Vidina levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eeb nebo n\u00e1kupu v\u00fdhodn\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159im\u011bje \u010cechy \u010dasto podepsat nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9 smlouvy podomn\u00edch prodejc\u016f. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu se na 72 procent \u010cech\u016f setkalo s podomn\u00edm prodejem elekt\u0159iny \u010di plynu. <\/p>\n

\u201ePokud \u010dlov\u011bk pl\u00e1nuje podepsat n\u011bjakou smlouvu, m\u011bl by v\u017edy db\u00e1t na to, aby m\u011bl dostatek prostoru sezn\u00e1mit se s jej\u00edm obsahem a zhodnotit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 rizika jej\u00edho podeps\u00e1n\u00ed. U smluv uzav\u00edran\u00fdch na ulici nebo s podomn\u00edmi prodejci je tato mo\u017enost zna\u010dn\u011b omezena a doty\u010dn\u00fd se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do situace, kdy pod jist\u00fdm tlakem smlouvu podep\u00ed\u0161e, ani\u017e by v\u011bd\u011bl, jak\u00e9 povinnosti smlouva obsahuje,\u201c popsal Ji\u0159\u00ed Hartmann.<\/p>\n

Samostatnou kapitolou jsou smlouvy s\u00a0cestovn\u00edmi kancel\u00e1\u0159emi. Lid\u00e9 je \u010dasto podepisuj\u00ed ukvapen\u011b a p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 reklamaci maj\u00ed kv\u016fli nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1le\u017eitostem smlouvy zpravidla sm\u016flu.<\/p>\n

\u201eSmlouva o z\u00e1jezdu by vedle z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f m\u011bla obsahovat p\u0159esn\u011b to, co od z\u00e1jezdu klient o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nespln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f se toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee dovolat jen toho, co m\u011bl ve smlouv\u011b up\u0159esn\u011bno. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud jednou z podm\u00ednek ve smlouv\u011b o z\u00e1jezdu byl v\u00fdhled na mo\u0159e a ze z\u00e1kazn\u00edkova pokoje takov\u00fd v\u00fdhled nen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se dovolat n\u00e1hrady \u010di od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b smlouvy,\u201c \u0159ekl Ji\u0159\u00ed Hartmann. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b t\u0159etiny \u010cech\u016f v\u016fbec ne\u010dtou smlouvy a jen zlomek rozum\u00ed tomu, co podepisuj\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdznam zkratky RPSN zn\u00e1 pouze \u0161estina lid\u00ed. Pojem rozhod\u010d\u00ed dolo\u017eka […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poradna"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21893"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21893\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}