{"id":21963,"date":"2015-06-30T10:44:43","date_gmt":"2015-06-30T08:44:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21963"},"modified":"2015-06-30T14:01:54","modified_gmt":"2015-06-30T12:01:54","slug":"nevidomy-clovek-pomohl-vysvetlit-jak-netopyri-vnimaji-prostor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21963","title":{"rendered":"Nevidom\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk pomohl vysv\u011btlit, jak netop\u00fd\u0159i vn\u00edmaj\u00ed prostor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>etop\u00fd\u0159i se orientuj\u00ed v prostoru podle ozv\u011bny sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch zvuk\u016f. Brian Borowski se tuto neobvyklou schopnost nau\u010dil v d\u011btstv\u00ed a v sou\u010dasnosti s n\u00ed pomohl v\u00fdzkumu netop\u00fdr\u016f.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Kana\u010fan Brian Borowski je sice od narozen\u00ed nevidom\u00fd, zato sv\u011bt kolem sebe dokonale sly\u0161\u00ed. Kdy\u017e jde po ulici, mlask\u00e1, lusk\u00e1 prsty nebo t\u0159eba \u0165uk\u00e1 d\u0159\u00edvkem do plechovky. P\u0159itom poslouch\u00e1 odra\u017een\u00e9 zvuky. Pozn\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad, jestli mezi chodn\u00edkem a silnic\u00ed je stromo\u0159ad\u00ed, n\u011bkdy sly\u0161\u00ed i jednotliv\u00e9 v\u011btve. Kdy\u017e jde n\u011bkdo proti n\u011bmu, nemus\u00ed sly\u0161et jeho kroky, sta\u010d\u00ed mu jen odezva. <\/p>\n<p>Na tuto neobvyklou schopnost p\u0159i\u0161el ji\u017e ve v\u011bku t\u0159\u00ed nebo \u010dty\u0159 let, kdy se rodina odst\u011bhovala na venkov. Kdy\u017e rodi\u010de za\u0159izovali d\u016fm, na z\u00e1pra\u017e\u00ed lomozili jak\u00fdmisi kovov\u00fdmi trubkami. Zvuk se odr\u00e1\u017eel od st\u011bny a Brian si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee \u201esly\u0161\u00ed d\u016fm\u201c. <\/p>\n<p>Brzy se sv\u00fdmi bratry, z nich\u017e jeden byl nevidom\u00fd a druh\u00fd vid\u011bl, vymysleli zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed hru na schov\u00e1vanou. Vidouc\u00ed bratr se schoval na zahradu mezi stromy a nevidom\u00ed se sna\u017eili pomoc\u00ed mlask\u00e1n\u00ed nebo lusk\u00e1n\u00ed zjistit, kde stoj\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Neposlechl u\u010ditele, a vyplatilo se mu to <\/p>\n<p>\u201eKdy\u017e Brian p\u0159i\u0161el do \u0161koly pro nevidom\u00e9, tak to u\u010ditel\u00e9 nevid\u011bli r\u00e1di,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 biolog Jaroslav Petr, \u201e\u0159\u00edkali, \u017ee to je prapodivn\u00e1 anom\u00e1lie. Jak se nevidom\u00ed odli\u0161uj\u00ed od v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, u\u017e tak to maj\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. Ve chv\u00edli, kdy bude m\u00edt je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost, bude to m\u00edt je\u0161t\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed.\u201c <\/p>\n<p>Ve \u0161kole se brat\u0159i Borow\u0161t\u00ed sv\u00e9 schopnosti vzdali, mimo ni ji v\u0161ak na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjeli. Nau\u010dili se jezdit na kole a pomoc\u00ed mlask\u00e1n\u00ed se zorientovali na zn\u00e1m\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch. Poznali, kde je \u0161t\u011brkov\u00e1 cesta, tr\u00e1vn\u00edk a silnice. Zapamatovali si, \u017ee u sloupu s po\u0161tovn\u00ed schr\u00e1nkou musej\u00ed zahnout doprava k domovu. <\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00ed schopn\u00fdch echolokace, \u010dili orientace podle zvuku, je ve sv\u011bt\u011b v\u00edce. O jejich schopnosti se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed i v\u011bdci. Brian Borowski jim nav\u00edc pomohl vysv\u011btlit, jak vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u011bt okolo sebe netop\u00fd\u0159i. <\/p>\n<p>Je p\u0159edm\u011bt mal\u00fd, nebo vzd\u00e1len\u00fd? <\/p>\n<p>\u201eMy, kdy\u017e kouk\u00e1me a vid\u00edme, \u017ee n\u011bco je mal\u00e9, pozn\u00e1me, jestli se n\u00e1m to zd\u00e1 mal\u00e9 proto, \u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti je to velk\u00e9, ale je to od n\u00e1s daleko. Rozezn\u00e1me to od situace, kdy je n\u011bco skute\u010dn\u011b mal\u00e9 a je to bl\u00edzko. Netop\u00fd\u0159i s t\u00edm maj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my,\u201c vypr\u00e1v\u00ed Jaroslav Petr, \u201eale kdy\u017e se v\u011bdci ptali pana Borowsk\u00e9ho a zkou\u0161eli to s n\u00edm, tak zjistili, \u017ee s t\u00edm probl\u00e9m nem\u00e1.\u201c <\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvali, \u017ee netop\u00fdr (nebo echolokuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk) rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost od velikosti podle toho, jak dlouho se k n\u011bmu zvuk vrac\u00ed. Brian Borowski v\u0161ak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee u n\u011bj to tak nefunguje. Bl\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty pozn\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e podle toho, \u017ee na nich sly\u0161\u00ed v\u00edce detail\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"http:\/\/prehravac.rozhlas.cz\/audio\/3418358\/embedded\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:none;height:160px;width:100%;overflow:hidden\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>etop\u00fd\u0159i se orientuj\u00ed v prostoru podle ozv\u011bny sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch zvuk\u016f. Brian Borowski se tuto neobvyklou schopnost nau\u010dil v d\u011btstv\u00ed a v sou\u010dasnosti s n\u00ed pomohl <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=21963\" title=\"Nevidom\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk pomohl vysv\u011btlit, jak netop\u00fd\u0159i vn\u00edmaj\u00ed prostor\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21963"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21963\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}