{"id":22645,"date":"2015-09-28T10:44:36","date_gmt":"2015-09-28T08:44:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=22645"},"modified":"2015-09-28T11:14:32","modified_gmt":"2015-09-28T09:14:32","slug":"kazdy-desaty-skolak-ma-depresi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=22645","title":{"rendered":"Ka\u017ed\u00fd des\u00e1t\u00fd \u0161kol\u00e1k m\u00e1 depresi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ambice rodi\u010d\u016f a n\u00e1roky u\u010ditel\u016f stresuj\u00ed d\u011bti. Psychiat\u0159i jim \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159edepisuj\u00ed antidepresiva<\/strong><\/p>\n

Klav\u00edr, balet, drama\u0165\u00e1k a k tomu t\u0159ikr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b dou\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu d\u011bt\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 d\u00e1vka t\u00fddenn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed. „V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b bych ani necht\u011bla b\u00fdt d\u00edt\u011btem, kdy\u017e vid\u00edm, co v\u0161echno musej\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout. Rodi\u010de se ve v\u00fdb\u011bru krou\u017ek\u016f p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed a tlak na co nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed v\u00fdsledky je obrovsk\u00fd,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 psychiatri\u010dka Petra Do\u010dkalov\u00e1.
\nNen\u00ed divu, \u017ee d\u011bti tlak ze strany dosp\u011bl\u00fdch nezvl\u00e1daj\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 dokonce psychicky onemocn\u00ed. Podle studie D\u011btsk\u00e9 psychiatrick\u00e9 kliniky Univerzity Karlovy za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 depresivn\u00ed n\u00e1lady ka\u017ed\u00e9 des\u00e1t\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b mlad\u0161\u00ed t\u0159in\u00e1cti let. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich u\u017e dokonce „zobaj\u00ed“ antidepresiva. „L\u00e9ky proti \u00fazkostem a depresi d\u011btem skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edepisujeme, od t\u011bch pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9 se nijak neli\u0161\u00ed,“ potvrzuje psychiatri\u010dka Do\u010dkalov\u00e1, podle n\u00ed\u017e se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy jsou antidepresiva p\u0159edepisov\u00e1na u\u017e p\u0159ed\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016fm. <\/p>\n

Dril u\u017e od \u0161kolky <\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco generace dne\u0161n\u00edch otc\u016f a matek si ve \u0161kolce jenom hr\u00e1la a v prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b se u\u010dila pozn\u00e1vat p\u00edsmena a \u010d\u00edslice, dne\u0161n\u00ed d\u011bti toho mus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout mnohem v\u00edc. \u0160kolky pro n\u011b ve snaze zavd\u011b\u010dit se rodi\u010d\u016fm a \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed inspekci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pestr\u00fd program s mnoha pozn\u00e1vac\u00edmi v\u00fdlety, p\u0159ed\u0161kol\u00e1ci m\u00edvaj\u00ed pracovn\u00ed se\u0161ity s \u00fakoly podobn\u00fdmi t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 jejich rodi\u010de \u0159e\u0161ili v prvn\u00ed a druh\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. Leckde se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 i v\u00fduka jazyk\u016f, d\u0159\u00edve voln\u00e1 odpoledne vypl\u0148uj\u00ed kurzy tance, keramiky nebo angli\u010dtiny. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161kolkov\u00e9 d\u011bti b\u00fdvaj\u00ed ostatn\u011b na pestr\u00fd program s pe\u010dliv\u011b rozpl\u00e1novan\u00fdm rozvrhem zvykl\u00e9 od narozen\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u0159\u00edlet\u00fdch u\u017e m\u00e1 s n\u011bjakou formou organizovan\u00fdch aktivit zku\u0161enost. Sta\u010d\u00ed zadat do internetov\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1va\u010de heslo krou\u017eky pro batolata. Vypadne 225 tis\u00edc odkaz\u016f.
\nJe\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dril nastane po n\u00e1stupu do prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy. \u0160koly maj\u00ed d\u00edky r\u00e1mcov\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm program\u016fm pom\u011brn\u011b volnou ruku a \u0159ada z nich usiluje o d\u011bti motivovan\u00e9 k co nejlep\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkon\u016fm. K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edcelet\u00e1 gymn\u00e1zia, na kter\u00e1 se ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed rodi\u010de sna\u017e\u00ed protla\u010dit d\u011bti u\u017e v deseti letech, tedy v dob\u011b, kdy by si podle psycholog\u016f m\u011bly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hr\u00e1t. „Doba je hektick\u00e1, d\u011bti v n\u00ed ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed n\u00e1rok b\u00fdt d\u011btmi, chceme toho po nich hodn\u011b a zbyte\u010dn\u011b je zahlcujeme podn\u011bty. P\u0159itom by sta\u010dilo nechat je tr\u00e1vit \u010das jen tak voln\u011b, bez pevn\u00e9 organizace. Jestli\u017ee m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b \u010dty\u0159i nebo p\u011bt mimo\u0161koln\u00edch aktivit, je to rozhodn\u011b moc,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 psycholo\u017eka Petra Meisnerov\u00e1, podle n\u00ed\u017e je d\u016fraz na v\u00fdkon novodob\u00fdm morem.
\n\u010c\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edc se rozev\u00edraj\u00ed n\u016f\u017eky mezi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdmi absolventy vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol a t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed kvalitn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f nedos\u00e1hli. A dne\u0161n\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed nav\u00edc doma \u010dast\u011bji jedno, maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011b d\u011bti, to v\u011bd\u00ed. Jejich vlastn\u00ed vyhl\u00eddky na st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nejsou kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m z budoucnosti d\u016fchodov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nijak r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9. Budou to nejsp\u00ed\u0161 d\u011bti, kdo se o dne\u0161n\u00ed t\u0159ic\u00e1tn\u00edky a \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1tn\u00edky jednou bude muset postarat. Mal\u00ed jedni\u010dk\u00e1\u0159i se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u0159edobodem \u017eivota sv\u00fdch rodi\u010d\u016f a jednou z nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch investic. Kdo by necht\u011bl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 sv\u00fdm rodi\u010d\u016fm vrchovat\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00ed to, co do n\u011bj kdysi vlo\u017eili?
\nMezit\u00edm ale p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 d\u011bt\u00ed, jejich\u017e psychick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee jsou tak z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee jejich l\u00e9\u010dba vy\u017eaduje nejen p\u00e9\u010di psychologa, ale i psychiatra. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho des\u00e1t\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u010detn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bdi\u010dn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00fdmi a vrozen\u00fdmi poruchami, jako je hyperaktivita. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 kraje hl\u00e1s\u00ed nedostatek d\u011btsk\u00fdch psychiatr\u016f. „N\u011bkdy si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee psychiatra by pot\u0159ebovali sp\u00ed\u0161 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed rodi\u010de ne\u017e d\u011bti,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 k tomu Pavel Theiner, vedouc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 d\u011btsk\u00e9ho a dorostov\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed Psychiatrick\u00e9 kliniky Fakultn\u00ed nemocnice v Brn\u011b-Bohunic\u00edch. On a jeho kolegov\u00e9 se \u010d\u00edmd\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejen s d\u011btsk\u00fdmi \u00fazkostmi a depresemi, ale i s poruchami p\u0159\u00edjmu potravy a sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00edm.
\nPoznat, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011bti po psychick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce n\u011bco sch\u00e1z\u00ed, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159itom zrovna jednoduch\u00e9. D\u011btsk\u00e1 deprese se od t\u00e9, kter\u00e1 hlod\u00e1 du\u0161i dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, sice v\u00fdrazn\u011bji neli\u0161\u00ed, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky ale b\u00fdvaj\u00ed jin\u00e9. „D\u011bti takzvan\u011b somatizuj\u00ed, jejich psychick\u00fd stav se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na fyzick\u00e9 rovin\u011b. Zpozorn\u011bt je pot\u0159eba, kdy\u017e si opakovan\u011b st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed na bolesti b\u0159icha. Mohou to b\u00fdt ale i bolesti v krku nebo dlouhodob\u011bm\u00edrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota,“ vysv\u011btluje psychiatri\u010dka Petra Do\u010dkalov\u00e1. <\/p>\n

Posm\u00edvat se \u0161prt\u016fm nen\u00ed „in“ <\/p>\n

Korigovat p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 ambice rodi\u010d\u016f si postupn\u011b zvykaj\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9 \u0161kol a u\u010ditel\u00e9. Inspirativn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem se to da\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad na Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole Lond\u00fdnsk\u00e1. „Po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1me takzvan\u00e1 tripartitn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si k jednomu stolu sednou rodi\u010de, u\u010ditel a \u017e\u00e1k. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich dostane mo\u017enost vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, p\u0159edstavy, p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a pocity. Zku\u0161en\u00fd u\u010ditel pozn\u00e1, \u017ee t\u00e1ta nebo m\u00e1ma tla\u010d\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b nad jeho limity. P\u0159i takov\u00e9m komorn\u00edmsetk\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pak rodi\u010d\u016fm domluvit citliv\u011bji ne\u017e na klasick\u00fdch t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edch sch\u016fzk\u00e1ch p\u0159ed t\u0159\u00eddou plnou dal\u0161\u00edch rodi\u010d\u016f,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0159editel \u0161koly Martin \u0160ev\u010d\u00edk. I tak se pr\u00fd n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed rodi\u010de vzpouzej\u00ed a argumentuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee oni p\u0159ece znaj\u00ed sv\u00e9ho potomka nejl\u00e9pe. „Stalo se n\u00e1m ale i to, \u017ee n\u00e1m p\u016fvodn\u011b konfliktn\u011b nastaven\u00e1 maminka nakonec p\u0159i\u0161la pod\u011bkovat, kdy\u017e po domluv\u011b slevila ze sv\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f a jej\u00ed dcera se d\u00edky tomu \u00fapln\u011b rozz\u00e1\u0159ila,“ vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0159editel.
\nZ\u00e1rove\u0148 ale dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee vysoce c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u00ed neb\u00fdvaj\u00ed jen rodi\u010de, ale i d\u011bti. Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch funguje \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd druh rivality ne\u017e ten, jak\u00fd znali dne\u0161n\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed. C\u00edlem je neb\u00fdt mezi spolu\u017e\u00e1ky za hlup\u00e1ka. Posm\u00edvat se \u0161prt\u016fm u\u017e nen\u00ed „in“. Ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed propadaj\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed fobii. V p\u00e1t\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b za\u010dnou d\u011bti sout\u011b\u017eit, kdo se dostane gymn\u00e1zium a kdo z\u016fstane jen na z\u00e1kladce. Po maturit\u011b pak chce v\u011bt\u0161ina student\u016f na vysokou a op\u011bt zafunguje tlak dostat se na tu nejlep\u0161\u00ed. To v\u0161e i za cenu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychofarmak. „Antidepresiva dok\u00e1\u017eou d\u011btem uleh\u010dit, stejn\u011b tak l\u00e9ky proti \u00fazkosti, kter\u00e9 si mohou vz\u00edt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 situace. Kdo si ale zvykne \u0159e\u0161it stres z prvn\u00edch \u0161koln\u00edch p\u00edsemek l\u00e9ky, bude v tom pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pokra\u010dovat i p\u0159ed p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edmi zkou\u0161kami na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolu. U maturity u\u017e se bez nich neobejde a d\u00e1le m\u016f\u017ee pokra\u010dovat i na vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole a ve sv\u00e9m prvn\u00edm, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b stresuj\u00edc\u00edm, zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed,“ varuje psychiatri\u010dka Do\u010dkalov\u00e1.
\nJde v\u0161ak podle n\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 o zvyk ne\u017e o nutnost vz\u00edt si l\u00e9k kv\u016fli nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm t\u011blesn\u00fdm a du\u0161evn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edznak\u016fm. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sklony k fyzick\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na l\u00e9c\u00edch proti \u00fazkosti a depresi pr\u00fd nehroz\u00ed. „Existuj\u00ed dokonce v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie, podle nich\u017e na l\u00e9c\u00edch tlum\u00edc\u00edch \u00fazkost hroz\u00ed u d\u011bt\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed riziko z\u00e1vislosti ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fdch,“ uklid\u0148uje. <\/p>\n

Nechte d\u011bti b\u00fdt <\/p>\n

Osloven\u00ed psychologov\u00e9 a psychiat\u0159i z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed, mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b smutn\u00fd fakt. Jakkoli m\u016f\u017ee laikovi p\u0159ipadat pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed psychofarmak d\u011btem jako p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 a neuv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9, leckdy b\u00fdv\u00e1 jedin\u00fdm a \u017eivot zachra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm d\u011btsk\u00fdch \u00fazkost\u00ed a depres\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice sp\u00e1ch\u00e1 sebevra\u017edu zhruba pades\u00e1tka d\u011bt\u00ed, z toho je deset mlad\u0161\u00edch patn\u00e1cti let. Nedokonan\u00fdch pokus\u016f je ale mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u00edce.
\n„Ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b je origin\u00e1l. M\u00e1 sv\u00e9 tempo v\u00fdvoje a pot\u0159eby, kter\u00e9 se citliv\u00fd rodi\u010d nau\u010d\u00ed vn\u00edmat. Kdy\u017e mu n\u011bco nejde dnes, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee se u n\u011bj dan\u00e1 schopnost nerozvine pozd\u011bji. Je pot\u0159eba d\u00e1t d\u011btem \u010das a klid, nechat je zr\u00e1t, nel\u00e1mat v\u011bci p\u0159es koleno, c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u00fdm tlakem se toho obvykle v\u00edc pokaz\u00ed, ne\u017e vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed,“ doporu\u010duje d\u011btsk\u00e1 psycholo\u017eka Meisnerov\u00e1. <\/p>\n

— <\/p>\n

Jak poznat depresi u d\u011bt\u00ed <\/p>\n

– D\u00edt\u011b sv\u016fj smutek neum\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159it. \u010casto se projev\u00ed fyzick\u00fdmi obt\u00ed\u017eemi.
\n– Varovn\u00fdmi sign\u00e1ly jsou st\u00ed\u017enosti na bolest b\u0159icha, bolesti v krku a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota.
\n– Depresivn\u00ed projevy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed n\u011bkdy zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny za zloben\u00ed. D\u00edt\u011b ve \u0161kole vyru\u0161uje nebo na sebe p\u0159ehnan\u011b upozor\u0148uje.
\n– N\u011bkdy \u0161patn\u011b sp\u00ed, ve\u010der nem\u016f\u017ee usnout nebo posp\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159es den.
\n– P\u0159i t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed depresi ztr\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1jem o ve\u0161ker\u00e9 aktivity, nedok\u00e1\u017ee pro\u017e\u00edt \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 nebo nemo\u017en\u00e9 ud\u011blat mu radost. <\/p>\n

Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch funguje \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd druh rivality ne\u017e ten, jak\u00fd znali dne\u0161n\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed. C\u00edlem je neb\u00fdt mezi spolu\u017e\u00e1ky za hlup\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n

BARBORA CIHELKOV\u00c1
\nLidov\u00e9 noviny<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ambice rodi\u010d\u016f a n\u00e1roky u\u010ditel\u016f stresuj\u00ed d\u011bti. Psychiat\u0159i jim \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159edepisuj\u00ed antidepresiva<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2220,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22645"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22645\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}