{"id":22791,"date":"2015-09-21T11:25:03","date_gmt":"2015-09-21T09:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=22791"},"modified":"2015-09-21T11:25:03","modified_gmt":"2015-09-21T09:25:03","slug":"deset-obvyklych-omylu-o-ohluchlych-osobach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=22791","title":{"rendered":"Deset obvykl\u00fdch omyl\u016f o ohluchl\u00fdch osob\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ze strany neinformovan\u00fdch lid\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b ohluchl\u00fdch osob s lidmi nedosl\u00fdchav\u00fdmi nebo s t\u011bmi, kdo se nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed ji\u017e narodili. V d\u016fsledku toho vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i kontaktu s ohluchl\u00fdmi lidmi mnoho omyl\u016f.<\/strong> <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Omyl1. &#8222;Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo nesly\u0161\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 znakov\u00fd jazyk.&#8220; Zdaleka ne v\u0161ichni z t\u011bch, kdo nesly\u0161\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed znakov\u00fd jazyk. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161li o sluch ve v\u011bku, kdy u\u017e se nau\u010dili mluvit. Ozna\u010dujeme je jako osoby ohluchl\u00e9 a jejich prvn\u00edm jazykem, ke kter\u00e9mu m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edstup, je mluven\u00fd jazyk. Pokud se rozhodnou u\u010dit se znakovat, preferuj\u00ed obvykle znakovanou \u010de\u0161tinu (jedn\u00e1 se o \u010desk\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fd je podporovan\u00fd jednotliv\u00fdmi znaky &#8222;vyp\u016fj\u010den\u00fdmi&#8220; ze znakov\u00e9ho jazyka). Znakovan\u00e1 \u010de\u0161tina se od znakov\u00e9ho jazyka velmi li\u0161\u00ed. Znakov\u00fd jazyk je samostatn\u00fd, sv\u00e9bytn\u00fd a plnohodnotn\u00fd jazyk. Nau\u010dit se jej je stejn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jako nau\u010dit se jak\u00fdkoliv jin\u00fd ciz\u00ed jazyk.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl2. &#8222;Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo ohluchne, za\u010dne nosit sluchadlo.&#8220; Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo nesly\u0161\u00ed, sluchadlo mu nepom\u016f\u017ee. M\u016f\u017ee pomoci jen t\u011bm osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017eiteln\u00e9 zbytky sluchu. I u osob se zachovan\u00fdmi zbytky sluchu je v\u00fdsledek pou\u017eit\u00ed sluchadla r\u016fzn\u00fd. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 se zbytky sluchu dok\u00e1\u017eou rozpoznat jednotliv\u00e1 slova v proudu \u0159e\u010di, nebo alespo\u0148 lidsk\u00fd hlas od jin\u00fdch zdroj\u016f zvuku, a jin\u00ed nikoliv.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl3. &#8222;Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo ohluchne,m\u016f\u017ee pomoci kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implant\u00e1t.&#8220; P\u0159\u00ednos kochle\u00e1rn\u00edho implant\u00e1tu je u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka velmi individu\u00e1ln\u00ed. N\u011bkdo se nau\u010d\u00ed s kochle\u00e1rn\u00edm implant\u00e1tem i telefonovat a jin\u00fdm naopak p\u016fsob\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee i jen ur\u010dit zdroj zvuku.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl4. &#8222;Na ohluchl\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka mus\u00edme mluvit hodn\u011b nahlas a zbl\u00edzka.&#8220; P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hlasit\u00e1 mluva \u010di dokonce k\u0159ik na ohluchl\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka se m\u00edj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinkem. Ohluchl\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku to naopak m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my p\u0159i snaze odez\u00edrat, proto\u017ee deformuje jinak standardn\u00ed mluvn\u00ed pohyby. Kdy\u017e jsme p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko n\u011bj, nem\u016f\u017ee na na\u0161e \u00fasta zaost\u0159it zrak, co\u017e mu odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed znemo\u017e\u0148uje.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl5. &#8222;Kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo ztrat\u00ed sluch, automaticky se nau\u010d\u00ed odez\u00edrat.&#8220; K odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed m\u00edt \u010dlov\u011bk vrozen\u00e9 vlohy, kter\u00e9 nem\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd (stejn\u011b jako ka\u017ed\u00fd sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk nem\u00e1 hudebn\u00ed sluch). Teprve na z\u00e1klad\u011b vrozen\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f, znalosti p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho mluven\u00e9ho jazyka a v podn\u011btn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed si m\u016f\u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk vyp\u011bstovat schopnost odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl6. &#8222;Jestli\u017ee se n\u011bkdo odez\u00edrat nau\u010d\u00ed, odez\u00edr\u00e1 tak, jak to vid\u00edme ve filmu.&#8220; Herci, kte\u0159\u00ed ve filmu hraj\u00ed ohluchl\u00e9 osoby, znaj\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, v\u011bd\u00ed p\u0159edem, kdo co bude pov\u00eddat, a v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou sami sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed. B\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee bez pomoci sluchu \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b odez\u00edrat za v\u0161ech podm\u00ednek. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk mluv\u00ed jinak a od n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed odez\u00edrat nelze v\u016fbec.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl7. &#8222;Ohluchl\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd um\u00ed odez\u00edrat, bude v\u017edy rozum\u011bt, kdy\u017e zajist\u00edme vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.&#8220; Vhodn\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad dobr\u00e9 osv\u011btlen\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159e mluv\u00edc\u00ed osoby, z\u0159eteln\u00e1 v\u00fdslovnost p\u0159i mluven\u00ed a podobn\u011b, jsou pouze \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159edpoklad\u016f k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Schopnost \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 blokuje \u00fanava, emo\u010dn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed \u010di obavy z komunika\u010dn\u00edho ne\u00fasp\u011bchu.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl8. &#8222;Ohluchl\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd hned neodpov\u00ed, nem\u00e1 pohotov\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed.&#8220; Sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk pot\u0159ebuje pouze malou \u010d\u00e1st \u010dasu na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co sly\u0161\u00ed, a v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu p\u0159i poslechu v\u011bnuje anal\u00fdze obsahu sly\u0161en\u00e9ho a u\u017e si p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravuje odpov\u011b\u010f. Ohluchl\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk mus\u00ed p\u0159i komunikaci se sly\u0161\u00edc\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bkem zvl\u00e1dnout mnoho slo\u017eit\u00fdch my\u0161lenkov\u00fdch operac\u00ed b\u011bhem velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby, a tedy mus\u00ed p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let mnohem intenzivn\u011bji ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed. Sto procent \u010dasu v\u011bnuje jen na de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co mu druh\u00e1 osoba asi \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 (a za \u00fasp\u011bch se pova\u017euje, kdy\u017e se mu to nemus\u00ed n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t opakovat). B\u011bhem de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed promluvy si mus\u00ed zapamatovat dal\u0161\u00ed pohyby \u00fast mluv\u00edc\u00ed osoby a mus\u00ed m\u00edt \u010das na zp\u011btnou kontrolu, zda v\u0161e de\u0161ifroval spr\u00e1vn\u011b. Teprve potom m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let nad obsahem \u0159e\u010den\u00e9ho, utvo\u0159it si vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor a n\u00e1sledn\u011b za\u010d\u00edt koncipovat odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl9. &#8222;Kdyby do\u0161lo p\u0159i vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 komunikaci k omylu, hned to pozn\u00e1me.&#8220; Zeptat se \u010dlov\u011bka se sluchov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm, zda n\u00e1m dob\u0159e rozum\u011bl, nesta\u010d\u00ed. Na ot\u00e1zku, zda rozum\u011bl, odpov\u00ed odez\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk \u010dasto kladn\u011b, a to i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy rozum\u011bl n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho a s\u00e1m nev\u00ed, \u017ee do\u0161lo k omylu. Mnohdy je nebezpe\u010d\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom, \u017ee ani jeden z komunika\u010dn\u00edch partner\u016f, tj. \u010dlov\u011bk ohluchl\u00fd ani sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed, nemusej\u00ed rozpoznat v\u010das, \u017ee k n\u011bjak\u00e9mu omylu do\u0161lo. Oba jsou myln\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee si dob\u0159e rozum\u011bj\u00ed a \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 informace ohluchl\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku neunikla. Omyly v komunikaci v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka velmi po\u0161kozuj\u00ed, proto\u017ee se takto m\u016f\u017ee dostat i do velmi slo\u017eit\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch situac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Omyl 10. &#8222;Odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed je vlastn\u011b \u010dten\u00ed ze rt\u016f.&#8220; Sluchem rozpozn\u00e1me p\u0159esn\u011b v\u0161echny hl\u00e1sky, ale zrakem m\u016f\u017eeme s jistotou rozli\u0161it jen malou \u010d\u00e1st z nich. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 skupiny souhl\u00e1sek vypadaj\u00ed p\u0159i mluven\u00ed stejn\u011b a n\u011bkter\u00e9 dokonce nen\u00ed vid\u011bt v\u016fbec. Nelze tedy &#8222;ze rt\u016f \u010d\u00edst&#8220;, jako \u010dteme z\u0159eteln\u00e1 p\u00edsmena. Ohluchl\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk se p\u0159i odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed jen sna\u017e\u00ed odhadovat, co kdo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Proto zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch nem\u016f\u017eeme spol\u00e9hat na pouh\u00e9 odez\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm omyl\u016fm, je sd\u011blen\u00ed ohluchl\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku napsat.<\/p>\n<p>Brunt\u00e1lsk\u00fd a Krnovsk\u00fd den\u00edk<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/bruntalsky.denik.cz\/\">http:\/\/bruntalsky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Ze strany neinformovan\u00fdch lid\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b ohluchl\u00fdch osob s lidmi nedosl\u00fdchav\u00fdmi nebo s t\u011bmi, kdo se nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed ji\u017e narodili. V d\u016fsledku toho vznik\u00e1 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=22791\" title=\"Deset obvykl\u00fdch omyl\u016f o ohluchl\u00fdch osob\u00e1ch\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6341,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22791"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22791\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}