{"id":23721,"date":"2017-04-01T09:12:02","date_gmt":"2017-04-01T07:12:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=23721"},"modified":"2017-04-03T17:54:49","modified_gmt":"2017-04-03T15:54:49","slug":"co-mohu-cekat-kdyz-budu-mit-ve-tride-autistu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=23721","title":{"rendered":"Co mohu \u010dekat, kdy\u017e budu m\u00edt ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b autistu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Porucha autistick\u00e9ho spektra nebo zkr\u00e1cen\u011b autismus poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova &#8222;auos&#8220; \u2013 s\u00e1m. Lid\u00e9 s autismem necht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt sami, jen nev\u011bd\u00ed, jak s ostatn\u00edmi nav\u00e1zat kontakt, nerozum\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edm vztah\u016fm. Jsou z toho d\u016fvodu \u010dastou ob\u011bt\u00ed \u0161ikany.<\/strong> <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e1 specifika probl\u00e9mu autismu bohu\u017eel odborn\u00e1 literatura nepopisuje. Jedn\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na o velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m rodiny p\u0159ijmout diagn\u00f3zu d\u00edt\u011bte, p\u0159ipravit je na &#8222;nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd&#8220; sv\u011bt. Rodi\u010de ani netu\u0161\u00ed, co v\u0161e mus\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b s autismem nau\u010dit. Zpravidla nemohou pochopit, \u010demu v\u0161emu v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktu jejich d\u00edt\u011b nerozum\u00ed. \u017divot s autistick\u00fdm d\u00edt\u011btem je emo\u010dn\u011b velmi vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed a \u0159ada rodin nem\u016f\u017ee a n\u011bkdy ani nechce vn\u00edmat autismus jako velmi siln\u00fd handicap nejen v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm rozm\u011bru \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>K t\u011bmto komplikac\u00edm p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry i nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 informovanost pedagogick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed i p\u0159es ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, kter\u00fdm je asistent pedagoga nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed asistent, nedok\u00e1\u017eou v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech adekv\u00e1tn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem reagovat na pot\u0159eby t\u011bchto d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Autismus postihuje v\u011bt\u0161inu psychick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed. N\u00e1padn\u00e1 i pro laika je v\u0161ak oblast soci\u00e1ln\u011bkomunika\u010dn\u00edch funkc\u00ed. V t\u00e9to souvislosti nelze opomenout i ur\u010ditou specifi\u010dnost pohybu autist\u016f. Ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch ekonomik\u00e1ch se klade d\u016fraz na komplexn\u00ed rehabilitaci, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje n\u00e1padnost autisty i v oblasti pohybov\u00e9. V\u00fdvoj autistick\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte je opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd a jeho pohybov\u00e9 schopnosti a dovednosti omezen\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Autistick\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b neprojevuje pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem o soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontakty, samostatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou nenavazuje konverzaci, stoj\u00ed na okraji vrstevnick\u00e9 skupiny. Prosoci\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed je pro tyto d\u011bti nezaj\u00edmav\u00e9, necht\u011bj\u00ed jej rozv\u00edjet. Je rovn\u011b\u017e ot\u00e1zkou komplexn\u00ed rehabilitace nau\u010dit je chovat se ve skupin\u011b tak, aby jejich n\u00e1padnost byla \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem sn\u00ed\u017eena.<\/p>\n<p>Autistick\u00e9 d\u011bti se velmi \u0161patn\u011b mohou br\u00e1nit \u0161ikan\u011b, nebo\u0165 situaci nerozum\u00ed jak soci\u00e1ln\u011b, tak komunika\u010dn\u011b, st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se dlouhodob\u011b tr\u00fdzn\u011bn\u00fdmi a nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, obe\u017ee \u0161ikana je ukon\u010dena sebevra\u017edou. Autistick\u00e9 d\u011bti nemohou po\u010d\u00edtat s podporou &#8222;zdrav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti kolektivu&#8220;, jak tomu b\u00fdv\u00e1 u viditeln\u00fdch ch posti\u017een\u00ed, nebo\u0165 v \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jejich handicap nen\u00ed pro laiky zcela z\u0159ejm\u00fd, jsou jen &#8222;n\u00e1padn\u00e9&#8220;. Z toho d\u016fvodu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby dosp\u011bl\u00ed v okol\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte znali a dok\u00e1zali rychle aplikovat postupy, kter\u00e9 by vznik \u0161ikany minimalizovaly.<\/p>\n<p>Pozitivn\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy b\u00fdv\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm krokem k ochran\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte. Pokud rodi\u010de p\u0159ijmou diagn\u00f3zu, p\u0159estanou d\u00edt\u011b srovn\u00e1vat s vrstevn\u00edky a za\u010dnou p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o tom, jak d\u00edt\u011b u\u010dinit \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edt\u011b by m\u011blo m\u00edt ur\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edsto ve \u0161kole, kde se m\u016f\u017ee ukr\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jeho afektivn\u00edch v\u00fdbuch\u016f. To neb\u00fdv\u00e1 pravidlem, i kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b tr\u00e1v\u00ed n\u011bkdy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st doby ur\u010den\u00e9 k v\u00fduce zklid\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba nau\u010dit d\u011bti s poruchou autistick\u00e9ho spektra, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed o ostatn\u00edch hovo\u0159it \u0161patn\u011b, nesm\u00ed \u017ealovat. P\u0159ehnan\u00e1 up\u0159\u00edmnost P\u0159ehn t\u011bchto d\u011bt\u00ed vede t\u011b k jejich neobl\u00edbenosti a \u0161ikan\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>U\u010ditel\u00e9 by jim m\u011bli nab\u00eddnout \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 souvis\u00ed se specifick\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy a p\u0159itom podporuj\u00ed sebev\u011bdom\u00ed a sebed\u016fv\u011bru. Obdivov\u00e1n\u00ed a respektov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s p\u0159ijet\u00edm diagn\u00f3zy rodi\u010di a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rodinou.<\/p>\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je lp\u011bt na hygien\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte, nebo\u0165 tyto d\u011bti jsou \u010dasto p\u0159ecitliv\u011bl\u00e9 na zubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dky, bol\u00ed je sprchov\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00e1pach a nedostatky v hygien\u011b jsou \u010dasto d\u016fvodem k jejich izolaci.<\/p>\n<p>Informov\u00e1n\u00ed spolu\u017e\u00e1k\u016f o diagn\u00f3ze vhodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem je nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fakol pedagoga. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na v\u011bku d\u011bt\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi pedagog hovo\u0159\u00ed o dan\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu. M\u016f\u017ee se i st\u00e1t, \u017ee informace o specifick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch autistick\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte m\u016f\u017ee v t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edm kolektivu vzbudit z\u00e1jem o jeho &#8222;testov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8220;. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na anga\u017eovanosti pedagoga a jeho citliv\u00e9m sledov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho klimatu. S t\u00edm souvis\u00ed i pot\u0159eba nevytv\u00e1\u0159et sout\u011b\u017eiv\u00e9 klima ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Velmi problematick\u00e9 se jev\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed identity d\u00edt\u011bte, a to i v dosp\u011blosti. Vlastn\u00ed t\u011blo ch\u00e1pe jako p\u0159edm\u011bt, se kter\u00fdm se nech\u00e1 manipulovat. Velmi \u0161patn\u011b se ovl\u00e1d\u00e1, nerozum\u00ed s\u00e1m sob\u011b, zejm\u00e9na sv\u00e9mu pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro rozvoj \u0161ikany je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee toto d\u00edt\u011b nech\u00e1pe, co znamen\u00e1 sebe\u00facta a sebel\u00e1ska.<\/p>\n<p>Zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed mo\u017enosti dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u0161koly neb\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto rodi\u010di akceptov\u00e1no. \u0158ad\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed by v\u0161ak dom\u00e1c\u00ed vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159ineslo k\u00fd\u017een\u00fd efekt, nebo\u0165 dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u0161kola je do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed z kolektivu. Autistick\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017ee d\u00edky dom\u00e1c\u00edmu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prosp\u00edvat na prvn\u00edm stupni z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly. N\u00e1vrat do \u0161koln\u00edho kolektivu v dob\u011b, kdy nastupuje puberta, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b velmi silnou psychickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>O autorovi: Lenka PR\u016e\u0160OV\u00c1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovnice, etopedka<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdden\u00edk \u0160kolstv\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Porucha autistick\u00e9ho spektra nebo zkr\u00e1cen\u011b autismus poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159eck\u00e9ho slova &#8222;auos&#8220; \u2013 s\u00e1m. Lid\u00e9 s autismem necht\u011bj\u00ed b\u00fdt sami, jen nev\u011bd\u00ed, jak s ostatn\u00edmi nav\u00e1zat <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=23721\" title=\"Co mohu \u010dekat, kdy\u017e budu m\u00edt ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b autistu?\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27787,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23721"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23721\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}