{"id":23731,"date":"2015-12-03T09:28:18","date_gmt":"2015-12-03T08:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=23731"},"modified":"2015-12-03T09:28:18","modified_gmt":"2015-12-03T08:28:18","slug":"corriere-della-sera-rekni-co-poslouchas-a-ja-ti-reknu-kdo-jsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=23731","title":{"rendered":"Corriere della Sera: \u0158ekni, co poslouch\u00e1\u0161, a j\u00e1 ti \u0159eknu, kdo jsi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Hudba, kterou nejrad\u011bji poslouch\u00e1me, vypov\u00edd\u00e1 hodn\u011b o tom, jac\u00ed jsme. V\u00fdb\u011br hudby je toti\u017e velmi t\u011bsn\u011b spjat s t\u00edm, jak nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme na sv\u011bt.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p> Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise PLOS One ukazuje, \u017ee to je rovn\u011b\u017e spojeno se zp\u016fsobem uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a se specifick\u00fdmi rysy charakteru, p\u00ed\u0161e italsk\u00fd den\u00edk Corriere della Sera.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161e obl\u00edben\u00e1 hudba nazna\u010duje nap\u0159\u00edklad, zda jsme empati\u010dt\u00ed, \u010di zda sp\u00ed\u0161e na v\u0161e pohl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme s chladn\u00fdm rozumem. V\u011bdci z Cambridgesk\u00e9 univerzity p\u0159edlo\u017eili v\u00edce ne\u017e 4000 osob\u00e1m dotazn\u00edk t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se osobnostn\u00edch rys\u016f a n\u00e1sledn\u011b test, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e m\u011bli poslouchat 50 r\u016fzn\u00fdch skladeb a pak ohodnotit, jak se jim l\u00edbily.<\/p>\n<p>Hallelujah Jeffa Buckleye typicky miluj\u00ed ti, kdo se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vysok\u00fdm stupn\u011bm empatie, nebo jsou ochotni se pro druh\u00e9 ob\u011btovat. Skladba americk\u00e9ho zp\u011bv\u00e1ka je &#8222;typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem dojemn\u00e9 a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 hudby, kterou miluj\u00ed ti, kte\u0159\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eou druh\u00fdm velmi dob\u0159e rozum\u011bt. Tyto osoby oce\u0148uj\u00ed tak\u00e9 skladby, v nich\u017e se hovo\u0159\u00ed o negativn\u00edch emoc\u00edch, jako je smutek \u010di deprese,&#8220; vysv\u011btluje koordin\u00e1tor studie psycholog David Greenberg.<\/p>\n<p>Kdo miluje \u017eivou, intenzivn\u00ed a pozitivn\u00ed hudbu, jako je Koncert C-dur Antonia Vivaldiho, m\u00e1 tendenci k systemati\u010dnosti, je racion\u00e1ln\u00ed typ hledaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u017edy vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pro v\u0161echno a pravidla, jimi\u017e se sv\u011bt \u0159\u00edd\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Come Away With Me Norah Jonesov\u00e9 se l\u00edb\u00ed empatick\u00fdm osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 intenzivn\u00ed hudb\u011b s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed citovou hloubkou, kter\u00e1 vede k p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed. &#8222;Na\u0161e \u00fadaje mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 i pro hudebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, kter\u00fd chce naj\u00edt algoritmy ke zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hudby, kterou by lid\u00e9 r\u00e1di poslouchali. P\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed k pozn\u00e1vac\u00edmu zp\u016fsobu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017ee pomoci l\u00e9pe zjistit, jakou hudbu kdo r\u00e1d poslouch\u00e1,&#8220; uv\u00e1d\u00ed Greenberg.<\/p>\n<p>Z ka\u017ed\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee etudy op. 65 \u010d. 3 Alexandra Skrjabina vyv\u011br\u00e1 energie: je to hudba pro u\u0161i velmi racion\u00e1ln\u00edho typu, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 r\u00e1d p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 jednoduch\u00e9 popov\u00e9 melodie.<\/p>\n<p>Jemn\u00e9 a empatick\u00e9 osobnosti miluj\u00ed All of Me Billie Holidayov\u00e9, emotivn\u00ed a dojemnou skladbu. &#8222;Hudebn\u00ed preference se \u010dasem m\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159esto jsme mohli konstatovat, \u017ee \u00farove\u0148 empatie osoby a jej\u00ed tendence v uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou nazna\u010dovat s velkou m\u00edrou p\u0159esnosti to, zda je j\u00ed hudebn\u00ed skladba v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Greenberg.<\/p>\n<p>God Save the Queen od Sex Pistols je energick\u00e1 a siln\u00e1 skladba. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se l\u00edb\u00ed racion\u00e1ln\u00edm osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nepohrdaj\u00ed punkem a heavy metalem. Aby dosp\u011bli ke sv\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm, nechali brit\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci dobrovoln\u00edky poslouchat 50 skladeb o 26 hudebn\u00edch \u017e\u00e1nrech a pod\u017e\u00e1nrech, aby minimalizovali mo\u017enost, \u017ee kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek ovlivn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed nebo osobnostn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady.<\/p>\n<p>\u017div\u00e1 a nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 p\u00edse\u0148 Crazy Little Thing Called Love britsk\u00e9 rockov\u00e9 skupiny Queen se l\u00edb\u00ed empatick\u00fdm osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e slabost pro country, folk, rock a pop. Kategorizace \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f studie byla vytvo\u0159ena prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aplikace myPersonality na Facebooku, kter\u00e1 u\u017e dnes nen\u00ed k dispozici. S touto aplikac\u00ed se zji\u0161\u0165ovaly charakteristiky v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159 milion\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, aby pak byly z\u00edskan\u00e9 \u00fadaje vyu\u017eity pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00edse\u0148 Enter Sandman skupiny Metallica miluj\u00ed osoby od p\u0159\u00edrody systematick\u00e9, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed pochopit pravidla fungov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta a kter\u00e9 jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e racion\u00e1ln\u00ed. &#8222;Tato studie podporuje teorii empatie-systemati\u010dnosti aplikovanou na hudbu,&#8220; uv\u00e1d\u00ed britsk\u00fd psychiatr Simon Baron-Cohen, kter\u00fd koncem 90. let vypracoval tuto teorii, podle n\u00ed\u017e se ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s nach\u00e1z\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9m stupni mezi empati\u00ed a systemati\u010dnost\u00ed, ch\u00e1pan\u00fdch jako protikladn\u00e9 p\u00f3ly zp\u016fsob\u016f pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle t\u00e9to teorie stoj\u00ed na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bod\u011b k\u0159ivky empatie-systemati\u010dnost autismus, jen\u017e je p\u0159\u00edkladem omezen\u00e9 empatie a vysok\u00e9 tendence k systemati\u010dnosti. Z v\u00fdzkumu o hudebn\u00edch preferenc\u00edch jako je tento m\u016f\u017eeme \u010derpat zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed osoby trp\u00edc\u00ed autismem, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Baron-Cohen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Hudba, kterou nejrad\u011bji poslouch\u00e1me, vypov\u00edd\u00e1 hodn\u011b o tom, jac\u00ed jsme. V\u00fdb\u011br hudby je toti\u017e velmi t\u011bsn\u011b spjat s t\u00edm, jak nahl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme na sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14711,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultura"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23731"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23731\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}