Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) dnes ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee krv\u00e1civ\u00e1 hore\u010dka zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 virem ebola se p\u0159estala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 Guineji. V listopadu se ebola podle WHO p\u0159estala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v Sie\u0159e Leone, na vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed konce epidemie tak \u010dek\u00e1 ji\u017e pouze Lib\u00e9rie. <\/p>\n
Ebole za dva roky, od za\u010d\u00e1tku prosince 2013, v cel\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe podlehlo p\u0159es 11.300 lid\u00ed z v\u00edce ne\u017e 29.000 naka\u017een\u00fdch, co\u017e bylo nejv\u00edce v historii t\u00e9to n\u00e1kazy.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje o epidemii eboly v Africe, kter\u00e1 nejsp\u00ed\u0161 kon\u010d\u00ed:<\/p>\n
– Ebola je jednou z nejob\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chorob na sv\u011bt\u011b. Je vysoce naka\u017eliv\u00e1 a \u00famrtnost na ni dosahuje a\u017e 90 procent.<\/p>\n
– Neexistuje na ni zcela spolehliv\u00fd l\u00e9k, ani vakc\u00edna, \u0159ada z nich se testuje. Nejv\u00edce nad\u011bj\u00ed bylo vkl\u00e1d\u00e1no do americko-kanadsk\u00e9ho l\u00e9\u010diva ZMapp, japonsk\u00e9ho antivirotika Avigan \u010di n\u011bkter\u00fdch vakc\u00edn. Dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tku proti ebole vyvinul letos t\u00fdm virolog\u016f v americk\u00e9 farmaceutick\u00e9 firm\u011b Gilead Sciences pod veden\u00edm \u010desk\u00e9ho v\u011bdce p\u016fvodem z Chomutova Tom\u00e1\u0161e Cihl\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n
– Epidemie vypukla 6. prosince 2013 v Guineji (\u017ee jde o ebolu bylo potvrzeno v b\u0159eznu 2014) a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila se v b\u0159eznu 2014 do Lib\u00e9rie a v kv\u011btnu 2014 do Sierry Leone a dal\u0161\u00edch africk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Do Evropy a USA dorazilo n\u011bkolik naka\u017een\u00fdch ebolou, v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161lo o zdravotn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed nemocn\u00e9 v Africe o\u0161et\u0159ovali. N\u011bkolik z nich se uzdravilo, naopak nap\u0159\u00edklad v madridsk\u00e9 nemocnici na ebolu zem\u0159eli dva \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed naka\u017een\u00ed v Africe a v USA ebole podlehl Liberijec rovn\u011b\u017e infikovan\u00fd v Africe.<\/p>\n
– Epidemie eboly si dosud vy\u017e\u00e1dala p\u0159es 11.300 ob\u011bt\u00ed, naka\u017een\u00fdch je hl\u00e1\u0161eno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 29.000. Nejv\u00edce osob (p\u0159es 4800) na ni zem\u0159elo v Lib\u00e9rii, asi 3900 ob\u011bt\u00ed hl\u00e1sila Sierra Leone a v\u00edce ne\u017e 2500 Guinea.<\/p>\n
– Nemoc zp\u016fsobuje virus ebola, nazvan\u00fd podle \u0159eky Ebola v Kon\u017esk\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 republice (Kongo; d\u0159\u00edve Zair), kde byla tato nemoc v roce 1976 poprv\u00e9 identifikov\u00e1na. Epidemie tehdy propukla v kon\u017esk\u00e9 vesnici Yambuku a v Nza\u0159e v sousedn\u00edm S\u00fad\u00e1nu a zem\u0159elo na ni 431 ze 602 naka\u017een\u00fdch. Nov\u00fd virus tam objevil tehdy 27let\u00fd belgick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Peter Piot.<\/p>\n
– Diagnostika eboly je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, proto\u017ee prvotn\u00ed symptomy mohou p\u0159ipom\u00ednat nap\u0159\u00edklad ch\u0159ipku. Pacienta su\u017euje slabost, m\u00e1 teplotu, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1hy rychle stoup\u00e1. \u010cast\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou pr\u016fjem, zvracen\u00ed, vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010di t\u00e9\u017e vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, pak za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed selh\u00e1vat org\u00e1ny, nejprve j\u00e1tra a ledviny.<\/p>\n
– Symptomy se mohou objevit dva a\u017e 21 dn\u016f po naka\u017een\u00ed. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se krv\u00ed, sekrety a t\u011blesn\u00fdmi tekutinami nemocn\u00e9ho; je t\u0159eba se proto vyvarovat nap\u0159\u00edklad i kontaktu s pou\u017eit\u00fdmi ru\u010dn\u00edky. \u010cast\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi jsou zdravotn\u00edci o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed nemocn\u00e9, pokud nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed rukavice, masky a ochrann\u00e9 br\u00fdle. \u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010dem viru n\u011bkdy a\u017e sedm t\u00fddn\u016f po uzdraven\u00ed.<\/p>\n
– P\u0159irozen\u00fdmi hostiteli viru ebola jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i \u017eiv\u00edc\u00ed se ovocem. V Africe byly zdokumentov\u00e1ny i p\u0159\u00edpady n\u00e1kazy p\u0159i kontaktu s uhynul\u00fdmi \u010di nemocn\u00fdmi opicemi, lesn\u00edmi antilopami \u010di dikobrazy.<\/p>\n
– V sou\u010dasnosti je zn\u00e1mo p\u011bt kmen\u016f viru ebola, z nich\u017e t\u0159i (Ebola, S\u00fad\u00e1n a Bundibugyo) napadaj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. \u010ctvrt\u00fd kmen z Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed slonoviny, nazvan\u00fd Ta\u00ef Forest podle tamn\u00edho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, kde se poprv\u00e9 objevil, dosud zp\u016fsobil jen jedno zaznamenan\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u00e1t\u00fd kmen Reston napad\u00e1 opice a prasata.<\/p>\n
– V\u0161echny dosavadn\u00ed epidemie eboly postihly africk\u00fd kontinent. Nejv\u00edce ob\u011bt\u00ed (431) p\u0159ed tou sou\u010dasnou si vy\u017e\u00e1dal u\u017e prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd v\u00fdskyt eboly v roce 1976 (v Kongu a S\u00fad\u00e1nu). Druh\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det lid\u00ed (254) zabil virus eboly v roce 1995 rovn\u011b\u017e v Kongu, 224 osob j\u00ed podlehlo v roce 2000 v Ugand\u011b a posledn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed epidemie eboly postihla v roce 2007 Kongo, kde na ni tehdy zem\u0159elo 187 lid\u00ed. WHO uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v letech 1976-2013 vypuklo v Africe celkem 24 r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f propuknut\u00ed nemoci, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch bylo naka\u017eeno p\u0159es 1700 lid\u00ed a zem\u0159elo p\u0159es 1200 osob.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) dnes ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee krv\u00e1civ\u00e1 hore\u010dka zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 virem ebola se p\u0159estala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 Guineji. V listopadu se ebola podle WHO p\u0159estala […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=23968"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23968\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=23968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=23968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=23968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}