{"id":24054,"date":"2017-04-01T09:22:34","date_gmt":"2017-04-01T07:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24054"},"modified":"2017-04-03T17:47:46","modified_gmt":"2017-04-03T15:47:46","slug":"geneticke-inzenyrstvi-bude-lecit-i-v-cesku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24054","title":{"rendered":"Genetick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed bude l\u00e9\u010dit i v \u010cesku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>V \u010cesku se ro\u010dn\u011b narod\u00ed zhruba sedm des\u00edtek d\u011bt\u00ed s lymfoblastickou leukemi\u00ed, celkem tu \u017eije p\u0159es tis\u00edc lid\u00ed trp\u00edc\u00edch touto z\u00e1ke\u0159nou chorobou napadaj\u00edc\u00ed kostn\u00ed d\u0159e\u0148. B\u011bhem dvou let by se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich mohli do\u010dkat l\u00e9\u010dby, kter\u00e1 je nemoci zbav\u00ed &#8211; pomoc\u00ed \u00fapravy jejich DNA.<\/strong><br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdm Pavla Ot\u00e1hala z \u00dastavu molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed genetiky Akademie v\u011bd dokon\u010duje projekt, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 jako prvn\u00ed v \u010cesku \u0161anci z\u00edskat povolen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt genovou terapii v r\u00e1mci klinick\u00fdch test\u016f na lidech. Ot\u00e1hal \u00fazce spolupracuje se St\u00e1tn\u00edm \u00fastavem pro kontrolu l\u00e9\u010div, kter\u00fd novou l\u00e9\u010dbu a jej\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed schvaluje. S kontrolory se rad\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, aby p\u0159ede\u0161el tomu, \u017ee jeho \u017e\u00e1dost zam\u00edtnou. &#8222;Pomoc\u00ed genov\u00e9 terapie chceme l\u00e9\u010dit lymfoblastickou leukemii. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b jsme to ji\u017e vyzkou\u0161eli v laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch na zv\u00ed\u0159atech,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bdec.<\/p>\n<p>Zm\u011bny v DNA jsou jedn\u00edm z nejdiskutovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejperspektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch medic\u00ednsk\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b u\u017e se poda\u0159ilo n\u011bkolik pacient\u016f touto cestou zachr\u00e1nit. Krom\u011b leukemie \u010di HIV se hovo\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch nemocech, jako t\u0159eba o Duchennov\u011b svalov\u00e9 dystrofii. Tou v \u010cesku trp\u00ed des\u00edtky chlapc\u016f. Postupn\u011b jim ochabuj\u00ed svaly, kolem t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9ho roku u\u017e se neobejdou bez invalidn\u00edho voz\u00edku a nejpozd\u011bji ve t\u0159iceti zem\u0159ou, nebo\u0165 jim sel\u017ee srdce \u010di pl\u00edce. Kanad\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci ale nyn\u00ed zjistili, \u017ee tuto a dal\u0161\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 choroby by v budoucnu m\u011blo j\u00edt l\u00e9\u010dit pomoc\u00ed proteinu Cas9, kter\u00fd lze pou\u017e\u00edt ke genetick\u00fdm \u00faprav\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Pro pacienty s Duchennovou svalovou dystrofi\u00ed je to budoucnost,&#8220; hodnot\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry pr\u00e1ce, je\u017e vy\u0161la v magaz\u00ednu American Journal of Human Genetics, profesor molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie Petr Dvo\u0159\u00e1k z L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Mluv\u010d\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho l\u00e9kov\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Lucie \u0160ustkov\u00e1 p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee povolen\u00ed takto p\u0159evratn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci mus\u00ed p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e p\u0159istoup\u00ed k lidsk\u00fdm pacient\u016fm, svou metodu d\u016fsledn\u011b vyzkou\u0161et na zv\u00ed\u0159atech: aby se ujistili, \u017ee \u00fapravou DNA nezp\u016fsob\u00ed jin\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, t\u0159eba rakovinu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1sahy do genetick\u00e9 v\u00fdbavy nav\u00edc vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed i z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, co mohou zm\u011bny v organismu zp\u016fsobit za p\u00e1r let, chyb\u00ed i jasn\u00e9 mantinely, jak\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy jsou je\u0161t\u011b ospravedlniteln\u00e9. V\u00fdzkumem lidsk\u00e9ho genomu a manipulace s n\u00edm se proto ned\u00e1vno zab\u00fdvala i vl\u00e1dn\u00ed Rada pro v\u00fdzkum, v\u00fdvoj a inovace. Jej\u00ed bioetick\u00e1 komise, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edsed\u00e1 profesor Dvo\u0159\u00e1k z Brna, doporu\u010dila \u010desk\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016fm, aby se \u010d\u00e1sti experiment\u016f vyhnuli. Jde konkr\u00e9tn\u011b o z\u00e1sahy do pohlavn\u00edch bun\u011bk. &#8222;Takov\u00e9 \u00favahy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 etick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pochybnosti, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1 rizika a jsou p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9,&#8220; stoj\u00ed ve stanovisku.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale Dvo\u0159\u00e1k nepochybuje, \u017ee zm\u011bny DNA se stanou b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed medic\u00edny. &#8222;Bude to standardn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd postup, kter\u00fd zvl\u00e1dnou kvalitn\u00ed nemocnice, a p\u016fjde to p\u0159es poji\u0161\u0165ovnu. To ale obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed spoustu klinick\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek a vezme to n\u011bkolik let,&#8220; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>V genetick\u00fdch \u00faprav\u00e1ch vid\u00ed budoucnost nejen l\u00e9ka\u0159i, ale tak\u00e9 obchodn\u00edci. Na newyorskou burzu Nasdaq tento t\u00fdden vstoupila prvn\u00ed spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 sv\u016fj byznys postaven\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b na genetick\u00e9m in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed &#8211; firma Editas Medicine. Ta u\u017e v minul\u00fdch letech z\u00edskala od investor\u016f, jako je Bill Gates \u010di Google Ventures, miliardu dolar\u016f. U jej\u00edho vzniku st\u00e1la jedna z pr\u016fkopnic pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho proteinu Cas9, profesorka univerzity v Berkeley Jennifer Doudnaov\u00e1. Pr\u00e1v\u011b ona se se sv\u00fdm t\u00fdmem pod\u00edlela na objevu t\u00e9to biochemick\u00e9 technologie.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 2011 se Doudnaov\u00e1 osamostatnila a sv\u00e9 patenty p\u0159evedla na novou firmu Caribou Biosciences, kterou s n\u00ed zakl\u00e1dal i \u010desk\u00fd v\u011bdec Martin J\u00ednek. Jeho jm\u00e9no zmi\u0148uje magaz\u00edn Science mezi spoluautory objevu Cas9 a vystupuje i v report\u00e1\u017ei o pr\u00e1ci Doudnaov\u00e9 a spol. v den\u00edku New York Times. Caribou Biosciences, kde m\u00e1 J\u00ednek majetkov\u00fd pod\u00edl a sed\u00ed v jeho v\u011bdeck\u00e9 rad\u011b, od investor\u016f, mimo jin\u00e9 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho farmaceutick\u00e9ho koncernu Novartis, vybral 11 milion\u016f dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 noviny<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>V \u010cesku se ro\u010dn\u011b narod\u00ed zhruba sedm des\u00edtek d\u011bt\u00ed s lymfoblastickou leukemi\u00ed, celkem tu \u017eije p\u0159es tis\u00edc lid\u00ed trp\u00edc\u00edch touto z\u00e1ke\u0159nou chorobou napadaj\u00edc\u00ed kostn\u00ed d\u0159e\u0148. <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24054\" title=\"Genetick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed bude l\u00e9\u010dit i v \u010cesku\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24054"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24054\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}