Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) dnes ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee krv\u00e1civ\u00e1 hore\u010dka zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 virem ebola se p\u0159estala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 Lib\u00e9rii. Loni v listopadu se ebola podle WHO p\u0159estala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v Sie\u0159e Leone a koncem prosince v Guineji. <\/p>\n
Ebole za v\u00edce ne\u017e dva roky, od za\u010d\u00e1tku prosince 2013, v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe podlehlo p\u0159es 11.300 lid\u00ed z v\u00edce ne\u017e 29.000 naka\u017een\u00fdch, co\u017e bylo nejv\u00edce v historii t\u00e9to n\u00e1kazy.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fadaje o epidemii eboly v Africe, kter\u00e1 kon\u010d\u00ed:<\/p>\n
– Ebola je jednou z nejob\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chorob na sv\u011bt\u011b. Je vysoce naka\u017eliv\u00e1 a \u00famrtnost na ni dosahuje a\u017e 90 procent.<\/p>\n
– Neexistuje na ni zcela spolehliv\u00fd l\u00e9k, ani vakc\u00edna, \u0159ada z nich se testuje. Nejv\u00edce nad\u011bj\u00ed bylo vkl\u00e1d\u00e1no do americko-kanadsk\u00e9ho l\u00e9\u010diva ZMapp, japonsk\u00e9ho antivirotika Avigan \u010di n\u011bkter\u00fdch vakc\u00edn. Dal\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tku proti ebole vyvinul letos t\u00fdm virolog\u016f v americk\u00e9 farmaceutick\u00e9 firm\u011b Gilead Sciences pod veden\u00edm \u010desk\u00e9ho v\u011bdce p\u016fvodem z Chomutova Tom\u00e1\u0161e Cihl\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n
– Epidemie vypukla 6. prosince 2013 v Guineji (\u017ee jde o ebolu bylo potvrzeno v b\u0159eznu 2014) a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila se v b\u0159eznu 2014 do Lib\u00e9rie a v kv\u011btnu 2014 do Sierry Leone a dal\u0161\u00edch africk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Do Evropy a USA dorazilo n\u011bkolik naka\u017een\u00fdch ebolou, v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161lo o zdravotn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed nemocn\u00e9 v Africe o\u0161et\u0159ovali. N\u011bkolik z nich se uzdravilo, naopak nap\u0159\u00edklad v madridsk\u00e9 nemocnici na ebolu zem\u0159eli dva \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed naka\u017een\u00ed v Africe a v USA ebole podlehl Liberijec rovn\u011b\u017e infikovan\u00fd v Africe.<\/p>\n
– Epidemie eboly si dosud vy\u017e\u00e1dala p\u0159es 11.300 ob\u011bt\u00ed, naka\u017een\u00fdch je hl\u00e1\u0161eno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 29.000. Nejv\u00edce osob (p\u0159es 4800) na ni zem\u0159elo v Lib\u00e9rii, asi 3900 ob\u011bt\u00ed hl\u00e1sila Sierra Leone a v\u00edce ne\u017e 2500 Guinea.<\/p>\n
– Nemoc zp\u016fsobuje virus ebola, nazvan\u00fd podle \u0159eky Ebola v Kon\u017esk\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 republice (Kongo; d\u0159\u00edve Zair), kde byla tato nemoc v roce 1976 poprv\u00e9 identifikov\u00e1na. Epidemie tehdy propukla v kon\u017esk\u00e9 vesnici Yambuku a v Nza\u0159e v sousedn\u00edm S\u00fad\u00e1nu a zem\u0159elo na ni 431 ze 602 naka\u017een\u00fdch. Nov\u00fd virus tam objevil tehdy 27let\u00fd belgick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Peter Piot.<\/p>\n
– Diagnostika eboly je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, proto\u017ee prvotn\u00ed symptomy mohou p\u0159ipom\u00ednat nap\u0159\u00edklad ch\u0159ipku. Pacienta su\u017euje slabost a jeho teplota rychle stoup\u00e1. \u010cast\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou pr\u016fjem, zvracen\u00ed, vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010di t\u00e9\u017e vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, pak za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed selh\u00e1vat org\u00e1ny, nejprve j\u00e1tra a ledviny.<\/p>\n
– Symptomy se mohou objevit dva a\u017e 21 dn\u016f po naka\u017een\u00ed. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se krv\u00ed, sekrety a t\u011blesn\u00fdmi tekutinami nemocn\u00e9ho; je t\u0159eba se proto vyvarovat nap\u0159\u00edklad i kontaktu s pou\u017eit\u00fdmi ru\u010dn\u00edky. \u010cast\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi jsou zdravotn\u00edci o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed nemocn\u00e9, pokud nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed rukavice, masky a ochrann\u00e9 br\u00fdle. \u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010dem viru n\u011bkdy a\u017e sedm t\u00fddn\u016f po uzdraven\u00ed.<\/p>\n
– P\u0159irozen\u00fdmi hostiteli viru ebola jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i \u017eiv\u00edc\u00ed se ovocem. V Africe byly zdokumentov\u00e1ny i p\u0159\u00edpady n\u00e1kazy p\u0159i kontaktu s uhynul\u00fdmi \u010di nemocn\u00fdmi opicemi, lesn\u00edmi antilopami \u010di dikobrazy.<\/p>\n
– V sou\u010dasnosti je zn\u00e1mo p\u011bt kmen\u016f viru ebola, z nich\u017e t\u0159i (Ebola, S\u00fad\u00e1n a Bundibugyo) napadaj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. \u010ctvrt\u00fd kmen z Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed slonoviny, nazvan\u00fd Ta\u00ef Forest podle tamn\u00edho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku, kde se poprv\u00e9 objevil, dosud zp\u016fsobil jen jedno zaznamenan\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u00e1t\u00fd kmen Reston napad\u00e1 opice a prasata.<\/p>\n
– V\u0161echny dosavadn\u00ed epidemie eboly postihly africk\u00fd kontinent. Nejv\u00edce ob\u011bt\u00ed (431) p\u0159ed tou sou\u010dasnou si vy\u017e\u00e1dal u\u017e prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd v\u00fdskyt eboly v roce 1976 (v Kongu a S\u00fad\u00e1nu). Druh\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det lid\u00ed (254) zabil virus eboly v roce 1995 rovn\u011b\u017e v Kongu, 224 osob j\u00ed podlehlo v roce 2000 v Ugand\u011b a posledn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed epidemie eboly postihla v roce 2007 Kongo, kde na ni tehdy zem\u0159elo 187 lid\u00ed. WHO uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v letech 1976-2013 vypuklo v Africe celkem 24 r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f propuknut\u00ed nemoci, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch bylo naka\u017eeno p\u0159es 1700 lid\u00ed a zem\u0159elo p\u0159es 1200 osob.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace (WHO) dnes ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee krv\u00e1civ\u00e1 hore\u010dka zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 virem ebola se p\u0159estala \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 Lib\u00e9rii. Loni v listopadu se ebola podle WHO […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24178"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24178\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}