{"id":24537,"date":"2016-02-15T13:20:36","date_gmt":"2016-02-15T12:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24537"},"modified":"2016-02-15T13:20:36","modified_gmt":"2016-02-15T12:20:36","slug":"dite-a-dospivajici-s-tezkym-zdravotnim-postizenim-v-rodine-a-ve-skole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24537","title":{"rendered":"D\u00edt\u011b a dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm v rodin\u011b a ve \u0161kole"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rodi\u010de o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed narozen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte si samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159ej\u00ed, aby bylo zdrav\u00e9. Handicap a s n\u00edm spojen\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 zm\u011bny \u017eivota jednotlivce a rodiny se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, a\u017e kdy\u017e nastanou. Nikdo se na to p\u0159edem nep\u0159ipravuje, snad s v\u00fdjimkou rodin, kde se nap\u0159. v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generaci nebo v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edbuzenstvu vyskytla d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 vada nebo opakovan\u011b analogick\u00e1 nemoc.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Cheb \u2013 Vyrovnat se s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm jak u d\u011bt\u00ed, tak u dosp\u011bl\u00fdch, to je pro v\u011bt\u0161inu relativn\u011b zdrav\u00fdch lid\u00ed, ne-li pro v\u0161echny, \u00fakol nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fd. Ale nen\u00ed ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e je rodi\u010d\u016fm sd\u011bleno, \u017ee jejich d\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1 vrozenou nebo \u010dasn\u011b \u010di pozd\u011bji z\u00edskanou t\u011b\u017ekou vadu, vyd\u011bs\u00ed je to. N\u00e1roky na rodinu jsou najednou jin\u00e9, a nav\u00edc extr\u00e9mn\u00ed. T\u00fdkaj\u00ed se zabezpe\u010den\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o d\u00edt\u011b s v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm senzorick\u00fdm omezen\u00edm sou\u010dasn\u011b s eliminac\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee sourozenc\u016f nebo nap\u0159. s vyrovn\u00e1n\u00edm se s reakcemi okol\u00ed. Je pot\u0159eba p\u0159edej\u00edt jak mo\u017enosti odm\u00edtnut\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte ze strany rodi\u010d\u016f, tak jejich podlehnut\u00ed pocitu ne\u0159e\u0161itelnosti situace a beznad\u011bje, obsedantn\u00edmu sebeobvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed se nebo my\u0161lenk\u00e1m typu „pro\u010d zrovna moje d\u00edt\u011b, pro\u010d j\u00e1“. Pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj d\u00edt\u011bte nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosem ignorace vady ani jejich nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pe\u010dovatelsk\u00e9 sklony, pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 u matek.<\/p>\n

\u0160ok, pocity zklam\u00e1n\u00ed a bezmoci odezn\u00ed rychleji, kdy\u017e maj\u00ed rodi\u010de dostatek informac\u00ed o posti\u017een\u00ed a o mo\u017enostech l\u00e9\u010dby \u010di kompenzace, o kontaktech na instituce, kter\u00e9 jim a jejich d\u00edt\u011bti mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1pomocny, kdy\u017e maj\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s rodi\u010di jin\u00fdch podobn\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a mohou porovnat v\u00fdvoj d\u011bt\u00ed navz\u00e1jem. D\u00edt\u011b s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm je pot\u0159eba co nejd\u0159\u00edve v\u00e9st k osamostat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed se. Nutn\u00e1 je kompenzace toho, co je nefunk\u010dn\u00ed nebo v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u0161patn\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed, jako prevence deprivace a omezen\u00fdch pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch proces\u016f. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby d\u00edt\u011b nez\u016fstalo izolov\u00e1no a nenastupovalo do \u0161koly se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed omezenou jen na \u010dleny rodiny.<\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u011b izolovan\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017ee v intern\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0161kole pro \u017e\u00e1ky se stejn\u00fdm \u010di podobn\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm dlouhodob\u011b psychicky trp\u011bt nejen odd\u011blen\u00edm od rodiny, ale i ztr\u00e1tou v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed co do n\u00e1rok\u016f na p\u00e9\u010di a pozornost okol\u00ed. To plat\u00ed i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, je-li integrov\u00e1no do norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly. Tam se nav\u00edc jako dal\u0161\u00ed psychick\u00e1 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed realita, kdy se d\u00edt\u011b srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 se zdrav\u00fdmi vrstevn\u00edky a kdy je vystaveno jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nezralosti, kter\u00e1 se projevuje \u010dasto v jejich nevhodn\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed a koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. Na ob\u011b varianty pln\u011bn\u00ed povinn\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky je pot\u0159eba d\u00edt\u011b v dostate\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159edstihu p\u0159ipravit. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b za\u0159azen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm handicapem do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0161koly je pot\u0159eba p\u0159edem informovat zam\u011bstnance \u0161koly, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dle aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situace usnadnit vstup d\u00edt\u011bte do t\u0159\u00eddy motiva\u010dn\u00edm pohovorem s budouc\u00edmi spolu\u017e\u00e1ky. Tot\u00e9\u017e se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159estupu d\u00edt\u011bte na jinou \u0161kolu.<\/p>\n

Puberta a dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jsou pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm. Z\u00e1sadn\u011b se m\u011bn\u00ed a nov\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vztah k sob\u011b sam\u00e9mu a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i k p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9mu handicapu, a to i tehdy, je-li na n\u011bj zvykl\u00fd od narozen\u00ed nebo od \u010dasn\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed. Vznikne-li t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed a\u017e v tomto obdob\u00ed, je to pro mlad\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka mnohem t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed a bolestn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Objev\u00ed se rozpor mezi st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami a mo\u017enostmi jejich uspokojen\u00ed. Dosavadn\u00ed styl a hodnoty se razantn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou se v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezuj\u00ed, a to nejen u osoby s posti\u017een\u00edm, ale u cel\u00e9 rodiny. Obrann\u00e9 psychick\u00e9 mechanismy jsou masivn\u00ed a v\u011bt\u0161inou sebedestruktivn\u00ed\u2026<\/p>\n

K tomu, aby se \u010dlov\u011bk s novou a stresuj\u00edc\u00ed situac\u00ed vyrovnal, pot\u0159ebuje oporu u sv\u00fdch nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch. Velkou v\u00fdhodou je p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd vztah s o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edm person\u00e1lem a kontakty s organizacemi poskytuj\u00edc\u00edmi odborn\u00e9 konzultace, pom\u016fcky a jinou pomoc. V\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee pomoci erudovan\u00fd psycholog, p\u0159\u00edp. jin\u00fd, osobnostn\u011b siln\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk vybaven\u00fd empati\u00ed a zku\u0161enostmi, k n\u011bmu\u017e m\u00e1 doty\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fv\u011bru. Je vhodn\u00e9 napojit se na skupinu osob se stejn\u00fdm nebo podobn\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm, jej\u00ed\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt \u010dlov\u011bku osobn\u00edm vzorem a mohou mu poskytnout tolik pot\u0159ebnou korek\u010dn\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enost a model nov\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch hodnot. Je pot\u0159eba, aby dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mu handicap p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, nejsou absolutn\u011b nekompenzovateln\u00e1,a aby p\u0159ijal skute\u010dnost, \u017ee do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry bude limitov\u00e1na jeho profesn\u00ed orientace a tak\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011br st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010di vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly nebo zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky adaptace na nov\u011b vzniklou situaci z\u00e1vis\u00ed na individu\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnostech \u010dlov\u011bka jako osobnosti, na temperamentu, motivaci a v\u016fli, na \u00farovni p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho intelektu, na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, na dostupnosti vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch a pracovn\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed, na materi\u00e1ln\u00edm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1zem\u00ed a na skute\u010dn\u00e9 opo\u0159e v jeho okol\u00ed i v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch instituc\u00edch. Z\u00e1kladem je schopnost a dovednost osoby s handicapem postarat se v maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e samostatn\u011b o sebe, o svou hygienu, stravu, obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u00e1le o vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00edch prac\u00ed, o zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159epravy do \u0161koly, do pr\u00e1ce, k l\u00e9ka\u0159i a na \u00fa\u0159ady. Mus\u00ed se nau\u010dit vykomunikovat to, co pot\u0159ebuje, a v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se seberealizovat pracovn\u011b a zvl\u00e1dat n\u00e1roky zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prob\u00edh\u00e1-li adaptace \u010dlov\u011bka s t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm a kompenzace jeho handicapu optim\u00e1ln\u011b, m\u011bl by bez komplexu m\u00e9n\u011bcennosti postupn\u011b zvl\u00e1dnout i navazov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch kontakt\u016f i s osobami bez posti\u017een\u00ed a v dosp\u011blosti pat\u0159i\u010dn\u011b dovednostn\u011b a v\u011bdomostn\u011b vybaven obst\u00e1t v partnersk\u00e9 a rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 roli. Dr\u017eme v\u0161em takov\u00fdm d\u011btem a mlad\u00fdm lidem i jejich rodi\u010d\u016fm palce!<\/p>\n

Ji\u0159ina Hradeck\u00e1
\nChebsk\u00fd den\u00edk
\nhttp:\/\/chebsky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rodi\u010de o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed narozen\u00ed sv\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte si samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159ej\u00ed, aby bylo zdrav\u00e9. Handicap a s n\u00edm spojen\u00e9 nutn\u00e9 zm\u011bny \u017eivota jednotlivce a rodiny se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, a\u017e […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21563,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24537\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}