{"id":24690,"date":"2016-02-25T13:23:37","date_gmt":"2016-02-25T12:23:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24690"},"modified":"2016-02-25T13:23:37","modified_gmt":"2016-02-25T12:23:37","slug":"vzdelavani-sluchove-postizenych-deti-prilis-problemu-ktere-inkluze-neresi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24690","title":{"rendered":"Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed: p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 inkluze ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Odborn\u00edci maj\u00ed jasno, prosp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 inkluze by byla jasn\u00e1 koncepce vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch<\/strong> <!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Praha \u2013 Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed koncepce ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed, m\u00e1lo odborn\u00edk\u016f, nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. To jsou jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 doprov\u00e1z\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Inkluze nen\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem ani \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, shoduj\u00ed se odborn\u00edci. Pozornost by se m\u011bla zam\u011b\u0159it jinam. V \u010cesku toti\u017e chyb\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, jak v\u016fbec sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00e9 d\u011bti vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat. Prezident Asociace organizac\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch, nedosl\u00fdchav\u00fdch a jejich p\u0159\u00e1tel (ASNEP) Petr Vysu\u010dek za\u017eil problematiku vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei. S\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed mezi u\u017eivatele znakov\u00e9ho jazyka, je nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed situace sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed se v\u011bnuje cel\u00fd profesn\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n<p>Inkluze nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed znakov\u00fd jazyk, do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol podle n\u011bj nen\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, naopak m\u016f\u017ee paradoxn\u011b v\u00e9st a\u017e k jejich vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed ze spole\u010dnosti. &#8222;Domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee pro nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed znakov\u00fd jazyk jako mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk, je inkluzivn\u00ed zp\u016fsob vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s c\u00edlem, aby z nich vyrostly &#8222;zdrav\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed jedinci&#8220;, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou schopni pln\u011b se za\u010dlenit do v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a b\u00fdt jako sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed segregac\u00ed,&#8220; uvedl.<\/p>\n<p>Inkluzivn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jako takov\u00e9 je podle jeho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed vhodn\u00fdm trendem a logick\u00fdm krokem k tomu, aby d\u011bti s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami mohly nav\u0161t\u011bvovat b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0161koly v m\u00edst\u011b sv\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b. Upozor\u0148uje v\u0161ak, \u017ee u nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed je situace jin\u00e1. &#8222;Jako jedin\u00ed maj\u00ed jin\u00fd, to jest sv\u016fj jazyk, kter\u00fdm je \u010desk\u00fd znakov\u00fd jazyk,&#8220; vysv\u011btlil Vysu\u010dek.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b jazykov\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra p\u0159edstavuje jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi se d\u011bti se sluchov\u00fdmi pot\u00ed\u017eemi od mali\u010dka setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Kritick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se u d\u00edt\u011bte rozv\u00edj\u00ed \u0159e\u010d, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u00e1stupem do \u0161koly. Kdy\u017e se u mal\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte zjist\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161patn\u011b sly\u0161\u00ed, mus\u00ed se rodi\u010de na z\u00e1klad\u011b rad odborn\u00edk\u016f a l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f rozhodnout, zda s n\u00edm budou komunikovat b\u011b\u017enou mluvenou \u010de\u0161tinou, nebo znakov\u00fdm jazykem. Pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho je vhodn\u00e9 n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>Tato volba je p\u0159itom z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. A\u010dkoliv to nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u010desk\u00fd mluven\u00fd jazyk a \u010desk\u00fd znakov\u00fd jazyk se od sebe podstatn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Jde o dva naprosto ciz\u00ed jazyky, jako jsou t\u0159eba \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina a angli\u010dtina. Podle r\u016fzn\u00e9ho stupn\u011b poruchy sluchu mohou d\u011bti fungovat s kompenza\u010dn\u00edmi pom\u016fckami, naslouchadly, kochlerov\u00fdmi implant\u00e1ty. Ani ty nemus\u00ed nezaru\u010dit, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b usly\u0161\u00ed jako ostatn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 psycholo\u017eka Mark\u00e9ta \u0160m\u00eddov\u00e1 m\u00e1 se vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed zku\u0161enosti z \u010ceska i ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 se podle n\u00ed na nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice d\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fazce, pouze z l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho pohledu. &#8222;Na\u0161e evropsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost je st\u00e1le velmi medic\u00ednsky orientovan\u00e1, nem\u00e1 r\u00e1da odli\u0161nosti od tak zvan\u00e9ho norm\u00e1lu a chce je okam\u017eit\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159sky opravit,&#8220; vysv\u011btlila s t\u00edm, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b od toho, jak se spole\u010dnosti stav\u00ed k odli\u0161nostem. M\u00edsto toho, jak d\u011btem se sluchov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm pomoci ve spole\u010dnosti usp\u011bt, se podle n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 db\u00e1 na to, jak jim opravit sluch. To v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech nelze.<\/p>\n<p>S \u00fazk\u00fdm pohledem na problematiku sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch souhlas\u00ed i Andrea Hud\u00e1kov\u00e1, \u0159editelka \u00dastavu jazyk\u016f a komunikace nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch Filosofick\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je podle n\u00ed d\u011btem umo\u017enit, aby m\u011bly krom\u011b slu\u0161n\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 mo\u017enost naj\u00edt si ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b kamar\u00e1dy. &#8222;\u010casto se hled\u00ed na zn\u00e1mky a na to, jak to ud\u011blat, aby d\u011bti prosp\u00edvaly v hodin\u011b. To se jim \u010dasto da\u0159\u00ed. Trp\u00ed ale nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm kontaktem,&#8220; vysv\u011btlila Hud\u00e1kov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Cizinec mezi spolu\u017e\u00e1ky<\/p>\n<p>K tomu, aby se d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 ke komunikaci vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 znakov\u00fd jazyk, domluvilo v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b se sv\u00fdmi spolu\u017e\u00e1ky a u\u010diteli, pot\u0159ebuje nutn\u011b tlumo\u010dn\u00edka. Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b si tak neust\u00e1le m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipadat jako cizinec. Nav\u00edc kolem sebe nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed vzory. &#8222;Pr\u00e1v\u011b nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed pedagogov\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed d\u011btem i jejich rodi\u010d\u016fm za jazykov\u00fd a osobnostn\u00ed vzor \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edho, stejn\u011b jako u d\u011bt\u00ed sly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch ve vztahu ke sly\u0161\u00edc\u00edm pedagog\u016fm,&#8220; vysv\u011btluje Hana Marie Kune\u0161ov\u00e1, \u0161\u00e9fredaktorka \u010dasopisu sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch Gong.<\/p>\n<p>Nedostatek \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch je podle odborn\u00edk\u016f z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. &#8222;Nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0161koly maj\u00ed v USA nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed \u0159editele, nejen u\u010ditele. M\u016f\u017eete tam v\u00e9st kvalifikovanou diskuzi ve znakov\u00e9m jazyce s nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edky, poradci pro \u0161kolskou politiku, s nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edmi psychology, lingvisty, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdmi experty, \u00fa\u010detn\u00edmi, se soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pracovn\u00edky,&#8220; vyjmenovala Mark\u00e9ta \u0160m\u00eddov\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010desk\u00fd syst\u00e9m d\u011btem s t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch sluchov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nedovoluje usp\u011bt.<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Na\u0161im sly\u0161\u00edc\u00edm rodi\u010d\u016fm, pota\u017emo cel\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, chyb\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed vzory dosp\u011bl\u00fdch nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch, v televizi jim je neukazuj\u00ed,&#8220; dodala. Podle Hud\u00e1kov\u00e9 to nav\u00edc vede k tomu, \u017ee si nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bti mohou myslet, \u017ee a\u017e vyrostou, budou sly\u0161et. Kolem sebe toti\u017e vid\u00ed pouze sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Z tohoto hlediska je pro znakuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bti velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, setk\u00e1vat se se znakuj\u00edc\u00edmi dosp\u011bl\u00fdmi. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kola tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. &#8222;D\u00edky kvalitn\u00edmu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u0159eba speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly, kde jsou obklopeni jazykem, kter\u00fd je jim smyslov\u011b dostupn\u00fd, a v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde vid\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00e9 nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed u\u010ditele, se kter\u00fdmi se mohou identifikovat, a kde se p\u0159irozen\u011b u\u010d\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dovednosti, se budou l\u00e9pe orientovat ve sv\u011bt\u011b, budou m\u00edt pevn\u011b ukotven\u00fd mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk, sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele a l\u00e9pe se v\u010dlen\u00ed do sly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti,&#8220; uvedl Vysu\u010dek.<\/p>\n<p>O za\u0159azen\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, nebo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly rozhoduj\u00ed rodi\u010de a odborn\u00edci ze Speci\u00e1ln\u00edho pedagogick\u00e9ho centra. U d\u011bt\u00ed se sluchov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm nikdy nen\u00ed jist\u00e9, zda se nau\u010d\u00ed mluvenou \u0159e\u010d zcela. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159estup na znakovou \u0159e\u010d, kter\u00e1 se pro n\u011b stane ciz\u00edm jazykem, je problematick\u00fd. &#8222;Toto je bohu\u017eel p\u0159\u00edpad mnoha sluchov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly syst\u00e9mem zanedb\u00e1ny \u2013 nerozvine se u nich po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jazyk, budou celo\u017eivotn\u011b v takzvan\u00e9m bezjazy\u010d\u00ed,&#8220; vysv\u011btlila \u0160m\u00eddov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem \u010desk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch je podle odborn\u00edk\u016f chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed koncepce, jak d\u011bti vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat. &#8222;Je t\u0159eba, aby se za podpory ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed ustanovil multidisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed t\u00fdm a vytvo\u0159ila se modern\u00ed koncepce vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 co chceme a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem toho dos\u00e1hneme,&#8220; popsala \u0160m\u00eddov\u00e1 s t\u00edm, \u017ee koncepce mus\u00ed zahrnovat v\u0161echny vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed stupn\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b ran\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed. Bez koncepce nepom\u016f\u017ee ani zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed modern\u00edch pom\u016fcek a postup\u016f. &#8222;V sou\u010dasnosti propagovan\u00e1 podp\u016frn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed nejsou vlastn\u011b ukotvena v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 koncepci, kdyby do\u0161lo na v\u011bc, tak nikdo nev\u00ed, jak je v praxi uplat\u0148ovat a nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b hodnotit. Nen\u00ed jak a podle \u010deho, nen\u00ed k\u00fdm. Jsou to pouh\u00e9 vrtkav\u00e9 berli\u010dky bez solidn\u00edho z\u00e1kladu,&#8220; dodala.<\/p>\n<p>Nutnost koncepce zd\u016fraz\u0148uje i Andrea Hud\u00e1kov\u00e1. &#8222;Je technicky nemo\u017en\u00e9 komunikovat tak, aby to vyhovovalo v\u0161em. Koncepce by m\u011bla obsahovat, jak\u00e9 jsou na\u0161e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed c\u00edle,&#8220; vysv\u011btlila. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b by se dle n\u00ed m\u011bly p\u0159ipravit dokumenty, jak d\u011bti p\u0159i vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u011blovat, jak\u00e1 bude koncepce vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ve znakov\u00e9m jazyce, ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b jako druh\u00e9m jazyce a v dal\u0161\u00edch ciz\u00edch jazyc\u00edch, nebo jak se budou d\u011bti vyu\u010dovat o kultu\u0159e a historii nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch. Ta se nyn\u00ed u\u010d\u00ed pouze na vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00c1CLAVA BURDOV\u00c1<br \/>\nPra\u017esk\u00fd den\u00edk<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.prazsky.denik.cz\/\">http:\/\/www.prazsky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Odborn\u00edci maj\u00ed jasno, prosp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 inkluze by byla jasn\u00e1 koncepce vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00edch<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18796,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24690"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24690\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}