Na poli l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u011bdy do\u0161lo k ozn\u00e1men\u00ed n\u011bkolika d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch objev\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou v budoucnu p\u0159isp\u011bt k daleko lep\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di.<\/p>\n
Tk\u00e1n\u011b z 3D tisk\u00e1rny <\/p>\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9mu t\u00fdmu ze Severn\u00ed Karol\u00edny se na 3D tisk\u00e1rn\u011b poda\u0159ilo vytisknout funk\u010dn\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148. Nejde nav\u00edc jen o samostatn\u00fd org\u00e1n, kter\u00fd je nutno spojit se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed, ale p\u0159\u00edmo o sou\u010d\u00e1stku dostate\u010dn\u011b odolnou a silnou, kter\u00e1 se vpracuje do t\u011bla a o v\u0161echno se postar\u00e1 sama.
\nV oblasti regenerativn\u00ed medic\u00edny jde o zcela z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u011bc \u2013 mo\u017enost m\u00edt po ruce org\u00e1n na m\u00edru, kter\u00fd t\u011blo neodm\u00edtne a kter\u00fd bude fungovat od prvn\u00edho okam\u017eiku. Vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny jsou implantov\u00e1ny s v\u00fdpln\u00ed z biologick\u00e9ho plastu, kter\u00fd se postupem \u010dasu rozlo\u017e\u00ed (podobn\u011b jako plastov\u00e1 ta\u0161ka, ale rychleji) a uvoln\u00ed m\u00edsto bu\u0148k\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edjemce. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je i soustava kan\u00e1lk\u016f, kter\u00e1 se postar\u00e1 o v\u00fd\u017eivu kysl\u00edkem a \u017eivinami, dokud org\u00e1n neproroste \u017eiln\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Oprava neuron\u016f <\/p>\n
Kanadsk\u00fd t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z University of Alberta se rozhodl vy\u0159e\u0161it neurologickou z\u00e1hadu v\u011bk\u016f a zam\u011b\u0159il se na to, jak za \u00fa\u010delem l\u00e9\u010dby p\u0159inutit k pr\u00e1ci jednotliv\u00e9 neurony. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno: neurony v t\u011ble vedou elektrick\u00e9 impulzy centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a spojuj\u00ed se v k\u0159i\u017eovatk\u00e1ch, kter\u00fdm \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me synapse. Izoluje je obal z lipoproteinu zvan\u00e9ho myelin, kter\u00fd z\u00e1rove\u0148 funguje jako urychlova\u010d cesty elektrick\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. P\u0159i naru\u0161en\u00ed tohoto obalu nebo p\u0159i po\u0161kozen\u00ed jak\u00e9koli \u010d\u00e1sti neuronu se cesta sign\u00e1lu zpomal\u00ed, nebo p\u0159\u00edmo zastav\u00ed, co\u017e v kone\u010dn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi vede a\u017e k paral\u00fdze org\u00e1n\u016f. A proto\u017ee se neurony ned\u011bl\u00ed, neum\u00ed se o obnoven\u00ed postarat samy. V\u011bdci se jim rozhodli pomoci s laserem, kter\u00fd vys\u00edl\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 pulzy o trv\u00e1n\u00ed patn\u00e1cti milisekund, a p\u0159i testech se jim t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem povedlo po\u0161kozen\u00e9 neurony „sva\u0159it“.
\nV laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch v\u0161e fungovalo dokonale, a pokud se osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi, nab\u00eddne tak z\u00e1chranu plnohodnotn\u00e9ho \u017eivota pacient\u016fm posti\u017een\u00fdm r\u016fzn\u00fdmi neurologick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n
L\u00e9k brzd\u00edc\u00ed Alzheimera <\/p>\n
T\u00fdmu britsk\u00fdch, nizozemsk\u00fdch a \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f se poda\u0159il z\u00e1sadn\u00ed objev na poli boje s Alzheimerovou chorobou. A jak u\u017e to v podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech chod\u00ed, bylo to \u00fapln\u011b n\u00e1hodou. Zjistili toti\u017e, \u017ee l\u00e9k, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na rakovinu, si um\u00ed poradit i s n\u00e1stupem Alzheimerovy choroby. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 slo\u017eka bexaroten dok\u00e1\u017ee toti\u017e p\u0159im\u011bt bu\u0148ky k tvorb\u011b apolipoproteinu E. Ten um\u00ed odstra\u0148ovat protein amyloid, jeho\u017e m\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed v mozku vede k odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed neuron\u016f a k Alzheimerov\u011b chorob\u011b.
\nNen\u00ed to ov\u0161em z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd v\u0161el\u00e9k, proto\u017ee v okam\u017eiku, kdy se Alzheimer rozjede naplno, u\u017e je na n\u011bj kr\u00e1tk\u00fd i tenhle l\u00e9k, jako prevence by ale mohl fungovat dokonale. Dok\u00e1\u017ee toti\u017e zachytit prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi nemoci, kdy prvotn\u00ed m\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed amyloidu v mozku poskytuje dokonal\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro dal\u0161\u00ed vlnu tvorby amyloidov\u00e9ho plaku. P\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed na hl\u00edstic\u00edch (obl\u00edben\u00e9m pokusn\u00e9m „kr\u00e1l\u00edku“ podobn\u00fdch proces\u016f) se l\u00e9\u010dba poda\u0159ila, tak\u017ee v\u011bdci pokra\u010duj\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Na poli l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u011bdy do\u0161lo k ozn\u00e1men\u00ed n\u011bkolika d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch objev\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou v budoucnu p\u0159isp\u011bt k daleko lep\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24712"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24712\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}