{"id":24721,"date":"2016-02-26T12:52:44","date_gmt":"2016-02-26T11:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24721"},"modified":"2016-02-26T12:54:13","modified_gmt":"2016-02-26T11:54:13","slug":"neni-ta-inkluze-prilis-dokonala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24721","title":{"rendered":"Nen\u00ed ta inkluze p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 „dokonal\u00e1“…?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se naplno rozb\u011bhne projekt spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch a handicapovan\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed akci umanut\u011b podporuje. Jen\u017ee opravdu inkluze pom\u016f\u017ee v\u0161em d\u011btem?<\/strong><\/p>\n

foto: ardelfin \/ MorgueFile<\/p>\n

M\u00e1lokter\u00e9 t\u00e9ma vzbouz\u00ed posledn\u00ed dobou takov\u00e9 vlny emoc\u00ed jako tzv. inkluze ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Nen\u00ed divu: informac\u00ed je sice \u017ealostn\u011b poskrovnu, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b ch\u00e1pe, \u017ee se hraje o v\u00fdznamnou zm\u011bnu parametr\u016f dosavadn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

A tedy o v\u0161echny d\u011bti, nejenom o ty „inkludovan\u00e9“. Co to tedy vlastn\u011b ta inkluze je? Inkluze, tedy za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed, d\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat spole\u010dn\u011b d\u011bti tzv. zdrav\u00e9 s t\u011bmi, jim\u017e nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd osud po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eil \u017eivot u\u017e na sam\u00e9m po\u010d\u00e1tku. Aby v\u0161ak m\u011bla smysl, mus\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et „profit“ pro v\u0161echny \u2013 pro \u017e\u00e1ky bez posti\u017een\u00ed nesm\u00ed utrp\u011bt kvalita v\u00fduky, \u017e\u00e1ci se zdravotn\u00edm<\/span> posti\u017een\u00edm mus\u00ed dosahovat p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm stejn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f jako ve speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kole.<\/p>\n

\u0160kola v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zdaleka jen jakousi „v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linkou“ na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e sou\u010dasn\u011b tak\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm, kde pr\u00e1v\u011b kvalita nespo\u010detn\u00fdch interakc\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi ur\u010duje, jak\u00fd vztah ke vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b i do vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 budoucnosti z\u00edsk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pouh\u00e9 p\u0159e\u0159azen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ka se zdravotn\u00edm<\/span> posti\u017een\u00edm do „b\u011b\u017en\u00e9“ t\u0159\u00eddy proto nep\u0159edstavuje pra\u017e\u00e1dnou hodnotu samo o sob\u011b. Jestli\u017ee je v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u0161koly \u017e\u00e1k pro sv\u016fj handicap okol\u00edm fakticky „odsunut“ na okraj cel\u00e9 skupiny vrstevn\u00edk\u016f, jedn\u00e1 se o prav\u00fd opak inkluze!<\/p>\n

\u0160ance na \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed je u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f zdravotn\u00edho<\/span> posti\u017een\u00ed velmi odli\u0161n\u00e1. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je zejm\u00e9na potenci\u00e1l komunikovat se spolu\u017e\u00e1ky „jako rovn\u00fd s rovn\u00fdm“. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, nejnad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je to u \u017e\u00e1k\u016f s t\u011blesn\u00fdm a zrakov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm, podstatn\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed u \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se sluchov\u00fdm a ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm. U posledn\u00edch dvou kategori\u00ed pramen\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee z toho, \u017ee nedok\u00e1\u017eou se spolu\u017e\u00e1ky plnohodnotn\u011b komunikovat. Prvn\u00ed nesly\u0161\u00ed, co mu pov\u00eddaj\u00ed, druh\u00fd sly\u0161\u00ed, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou nedok\u00e1\u017ee adekv\u00e1tn\u011b (pokud v\u016fbec) reagovat.<\/p>\n

Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed bohu\u017eel od po\u010d\u00e1tku pojalo inkluzi jako ideologick\u00fd koncept: pro \u017e\u00e1ky s jak\u00fdmkoli druhem zdravotn\u00edho<\/span> posti\u017een\u00ed je nejlep\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v tzv. b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b. Tak to ov\u0161em nefunguje dokonce ani v jinak vz\u00fdvan\u00e9m Finsku. Zde jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017e\u00e1ci s lehk\u00fdm ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1ni ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol. S t\u00edm, \u017ee se s ostatn\u00edmi d\u011btmi „potk\u00e1vaj\u00ed“ ve v\u0161ech p\u0159edm\u011btech, v nich\u017e jim limity jejich posti\u017een\u00ed nebr\u00e1n\u00ed dosahovat stejn\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f jako jejich „zdrav\u00fdm“ vrstevn\u00edk\u016fm.
\nFinov\u00e9 toti\u017e dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed nen\u00ed ideologie, ale z\u00e1jem ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte. A \u017ee k dosa\u017een\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00edho optima vedou cesty velmi, velmi r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u2013 dokonce i u dvou \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se zcela toto\u017enou medic\u00ednskou diagn\u00f3zou.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak zp\u011bt k n\u00e1m. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee na cest\u011b k vysn\u011bn\u00e9mu c\u00edli ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed poru\u0161ilo \u00fastavu. Pouhou prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou k z\u00e1konu toti\u017e flagrantn\u011b omezilo pr\u00e1va rodi\u010d\u016f rozhodovat o sv\u00fdch d\u011btech se zdravotn\u00edm<\/span> posti\u017een\u00edm.
\nDefinovalo v n\u00ed „nejlep\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem \u017e\u00e1ka“ tak, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ednostn\u011b za\u0159azen do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy. Z\u00e1kon s\u00e1m nic podobn\u00e9ho neobsahuje.<\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmu blahu „spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed“ se od po\u010d\u00e1tku vyhne pouze nepatrn\u00e9 procento d\u011bt\u00ed s opravdu t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm stupn\u011bm zdravotn\u00edho<\/span> posti\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed sm\u011bj\u00ed aspirovat na za\u0159azen\u00ed do speci\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed teprve po dlouh\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, kdy se poradensk\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed „vzhledem k pr\u016fb\u011bhu a v\u00fdsledk\u016fm dosavadn\u00edho poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed“ kone\u010dn\u011b odhodl\u00e1 p\u0159ece jen vydat doporu\u010den\u00ed pro za\u0159azen\u00ed do speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly \u010di t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/p>\n

Podle \u00fastavy lze sice pr\u00e1va ob\u010dan\u016fm omezit v\u00fdhradn\u011b z\u00e1konem, vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka v\u0161ak zavazuje poradensk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 budou \u017e\u00e1dosti rodi\u010d\u016f o povolen\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed posuzovat, a maj\u00ed tedy faktickou mo\u017enost „veta“. Zkuste h\u00e1dat, jak asi budou rozhodovat s v\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee podle obecn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159edpisu „nejlep\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1jmem \u017e\u00e1ka“ je v\u017edy za\u0159azen\u00ed do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy a teprve pot\u00e9, co se „neujme“ \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z po\u010detn\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly tzv. podp\u016frn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, bude mo\u017eno uva\u017eovat o p\u0159echodu do speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly.<\/p>\n

Diametr\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1zor rodi\u010d\u016f se pak d\u00e1 logicky posuzovat jako poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v d\u00edt\u011bte. V tomto kontextu proto nen\u00ed v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm stra\u0161en\u00edm ve\u0159ejnosti, \u017ee si na vzdoruj\u00edc\u00ed rodi\u010de m\u016f\u017ee, resp. mus\u00ed do\u0161l\u00e1pnout „soci\u00e1lka“.<\/p>\n

V zem\u00edch, kde si na inkluzi jenom nehraj\u00ed, se podobn\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zm\u011bny p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed po l\u00e9ta. Nezbytn\u00e1 je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bna ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pedagog\u016f na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch a dlouhodob\u00e1, prakticky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava u\u010ditel\u016f ji\u017e „slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edch“. Bez d\u016fkladn\u011b upraven\u00e9ho „pedagogick\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu“ nelze s podobn\u00fdm projektem v\u016fbec za\u010d\u00edt. D\u00e1le mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouho dop\u0159edu kvalifikovan\u011b p\u0159ipraven a n\u00e1sledn\u011b politicky vyjedn\u00e1n odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed objem rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f s v\u00fdhledem na \u0159adu let dop\u0159edu.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 inkluzivn\u00ed „aran\u017em\u00e1“ se mus\u00ed nap\u0159ed bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b alespo\u0148 jeden \u0161koln\u00ed rok pe\u010dliv\u011b ov\u011b\u0159ovat na pilotn\u00edm vzorku \u0161kol, aby se mohly je\u0161t\u011b v p\u0159edstihu odstranit v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tak z\u00e1sadn\u00edch zm\u011bn v\u017edy objev\u00ed. A po celou dobu je nezbytn\u00e9 trp\u011bliv\u011b a pravideln\u011b informovat ve\u0159ejnost \u2013 \u010d\u00edm\u017e nemysl\u00edm n\u011bjak\u00e9 propagandistick\u00e9 \u010dastu\u0161ky ve stylu „My to zvl\u00e1dneme!“ p\u016fl roku p\u0159ed ostr\u00fdm startem.<\/p>\n

Porovnejte si to s naprosto tristn\u00ed situac\u00ed u n\u00e1s. Je\u0161t\u011b \u017ee pan\u00ed ministryn\u011b ji\u017e na\u0161la vin\u00edky: Blesk, ni\u010demn\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogov\u00e9 a zaprodanci z \u0159ad rodi\u010d\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed s posti\u017een\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed paniku mezi u\u010diteli i rodi\u010di, co\u017e u t\u011bch i on\u011bch vyvolalo ned\u016fv\u011bru. Nic nov\u00e9ho pod sluncem: podobnou paniku \u0161\u00ed\u0159il i jist\u00fd chlape\u010dek ve zn\u00e1m\u00e9 poh\u00e1dce C\u00edsa\u0159ovy nov\u00e9 \u0161aty.<\/p>\n

O autorovi: Martin Odehnal, b\u00fdval\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f odboru speci\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161kolstv\u00ed na ministerstvu \u0161kolstv\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se naplno rozb\u011bhne projekt spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch a handicapovan\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed akci umanut\u011b podporuje. Jen\u017ee opravdu inkluze pom\u016f\u017ee v\u0161em d\u011btem?<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17941,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24721"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24721\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}