{"id":24752,"date":"2016-03-05T16:25:25","date_gmt":"2016-03-05T15:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24752"},"modified":"2016-03-07T20:42:50","modified_gmt":"2016-03-07T19:42:50","slug":"zkusenost-s-inkluzi-ja-a-oni-proste-my","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24752","title":{"rendered":"Zku\u0161enost s inkluz\u00ed: J\u00e1 a oni? Prost\u011b my"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017de handicapovan\u00ed naru\u0161\u00ed v\u00fduku v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch? Velk\u00fd omyl, st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z nich tahouni t\u0159\u00eddy, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 ze zku\u0161enosti Jitka Topi\u010dov\u00e1, \u0159editelka Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly a mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly Regionu Karlovarsk\u00fd venkov, kde
\ninkluze funguje u\u017e 15 let.<\/strong><\/p>\n

OTOVICE (Karlovarsk\u00fd kraj) Ve t\u0159et\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly v Otovic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed jen t\u0159i kilometry od Karlov\u00fdch Var\u016f, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hodina angli\u010dtiny. \u017d\u00e1ci spojuj\u00ed stoly a u\u010ditelka Lenka \u0160tov\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 pexeso, aby si tr\u00e9novali nov\u00e1 slov\u00ed\u010dka.
\nV hlou\u010dku d\u011bt\u00ed je i David. Stejn\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f nach\u00e1z\u00ed nejv\u00edce. Premiant t\u0159\u00eddy, \u0159eklo by se. David ov\u0161em nespad\u00e1 do kolonky „b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k“. „M\u00e1 diagnostikovanou poruchu chov\u00e1n\u00ed,“ popisuje u\u010ditelka Lenka \u0160\u0165ov\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1. „Je ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 nadpr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b inteligentn\u00ed,“ p\u0159ipojuje se asistentka t\u0159\u00eddy Jitka.
\nNa ostatn\u00edch d\u011btech je vid\u011bt, \u017ee se Davidovi cht\u011bj\u00ed vyrovnat. Popoh\u00e1n\u00ed tak ostatn\u00ed spolu\u017e\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed, co jim s\u00edly sta\u010d\u00ed, aby u\u017e na n\u011b vy\u0161la \u0159ada a tak\u00e9 na\u0161li stejn\u00e1 slova.
\nV krou\u017eku sed\u00ed i Pepa, jeho\u017e vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed nab\u00e1d\u00e1, a\u0165 si karti\u010dku pexesa jde zv\u011bt\u0161it pod speci\u00e1ln\u00ed lupu. Tento t\u0159e\u0165\u00e1k m\u00e1 t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed. Zved\u00e1 se a ostatn\u00ed v klidu \u010dekaj\u00ed, a\u017e si anglick\u00e9 slovo p\u0159e\u010dte.
\nV otovick\u00e9 pobo\u010dce Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly Regionu Karlovarsk\u00fd venkov je z celkov\u00fdch 240 \u017e\u00e1k\u016f 48 se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm, z toho 20 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed. „M\u00e1me zku\u0161enosti s d\u011btmi s poruchami u\u010den\u00ed i chov\u00e1n\u00ed. A tak\u00e9 s poruchami autistick\u00e9ho spektra, sluchov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm, st\u0159edn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm zrakov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm, ale i fyzick\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm,“ jmenuje \u0159editelka Jitka Topi\u010dov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Maj\u00ed toho za sebou v\u00edc ne\u017e dosp\u011bl\u00ed<\/p>\n

David je podle n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, o kter\u00fdch se hovo\u0159\u00ed v souvislosti s takzvanou inkluz\u00ed. Spole\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00fdch a handicapovan\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed v tuzemsk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch naplno propukne u\u017e v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.
\n„Mnoh\u00e9 d\u011bti s handicapem jsou tahouny t\u0159\u00eddy. Ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee v\u0161ichni. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na jejich osobnosti, na rodinn\u00e9m z\u00e1zem\u00ed. Maj\u00ed toho ale obecn\u011b za sebou \u010dasto v\u00edce ne\u017e dosp\u011bl\u00ed. Jsou velmi vyzr\u00e1l\u00e9,“ upozor\u0148uje \u0159editelka.
\nNen\u00ed ani v\u00fdjimkou, \u017ee t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed kolektivy vol\u00ed sv\u00e9 jakkoliv handicapovan\u00e9 spolu\u017e\u00e1ky do \u0161koln\u00edho parlamentu.
\nP\u0159edstava \u017e\u00e1k\u016f sed\u00edc\u00edch v zadn\u00edch lavic\u00edch, pln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na pomoci osobn\u00edho asistenta, je podle n\u00ed naprosto lich\u00e1.
\nPotvrzuje to i asistentka Jitka: „Pom\u00e1h\u00e1m v d\u016fsledku cel\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.“ Nav\u00edc n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti podle n\u00ed maj\u00ed zjevnou poruchu u\u010den\u00ed, ale diagnostikovan\u00ed od odborn\u00edk\u016f je\u0161t\u011b nejsou.
\nZrovna p\u0159ipravuje testy a kv\u00edzy na ostatn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty t\u0159e\u0165\u00e1k\u016f. D\u011bti si je obl\u00edbily a u\u010d\u00ed se d\u00edky nim i spolupracovat. Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch, kde prob\u00edh\u00e1 inkluzivn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, je pr\u00e1v\u011b to kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9. My\u0161lenka inkluze podle n\u00ed toti\u017e nen\u00ed jenom o pomoci handicapovan\u00fdm. V d\u016fsledku u\u010d\u00ed i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 d\u011bti ch\u00e1pat rozd\u00edly mezi lidmi.
\nNe v\u0161e je ale tak idylick\u00e9, jak se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t. P\u0159\u00edprava pedagog\u016f na hodinu v t\u00e9to \u0161kole neznamen\u00e1 jen d\u00e1t dohromady materi\u00e1ly pro \u017e\u00e1ky se speci\u00e1ln\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm pl\u00e1nem.
\nV\u00edc ne\u017e u\u010ditel\u00e9 v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch mus\u00ed pedagogick\u00fd sbor um\u011bt d\u011bti sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem a v\u00fdkladem zaujmout. „Pokud by nebyl u\u010ditel osobnost\u00ed, tak mu \u017e\u00e1ci nastav\u00ed takov\u00e9 zrcadlo, \u017ee to neustoj\u00ed,“ upozor\u0148uje \u0159editelka Topi\u010dov\u00e1. Dokumentuje to na p\u0159\u00edkladu Davida. Proto\u017ee lehce zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 u\u010divo, r\u00e1d pedagogy testuje a zkou\u0161\u00ed jejich ostra\u017eitost. „N\u011bkdy je to n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dat,“ usm\u00edv\u00e1 se u\u010ditelka \u0160\u0165ov\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1.
\nZhruba od \u010dtvrt\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy u\u017e d\u011bti s diagnostikovan\u00fdmi poruchami za ka\u017edou cenu necht\u011bj\u00ed vybo\u010dovat z \u0159ady, o pomoc asistenta se styd\u00ed p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi \u0159\u00edct. Neradi tak\u00e9 vypl\u0148uj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed. „\u0158\u00edk\u00e1me jim, a\u0165 si tedy zkus\u00ed v\u0161echno, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 jim p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me, \u017ee si v\u017edycky mohou \u0159\u00edct o pomoc,“ vysv\u011btluje Topi\u010dov\u00e1 rozd\u00edl mezi pouhou integrac\u00ed a opravdu \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou inkluz\u00ed.
\nSv\u00e9 o tom v\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed u\u010ditel \u0161es\u0165\u00e1k\u016f \u2013 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed pl\u00e1n m\u00e1 dokonce deset z nich, dv\u011b d\u011bti nav\u00edc doch\u00e1zej\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty do ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. „Od p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho \u0161koln\u00edho roku u\u017e ale budou se svoj\u00ed kmenovou t\u0159\u00eddou na v\u0161echny hodiny. Z\u00e1kon n\u00e1m to nyn\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje. Nebudou se u\u010dit n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bci tak podrobn\u011b, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 jim nic neute\u010de, co\u017e se moment\u00e1ln\u011b d\u011blen\u00edm d\u011bje,“ \u0159ekl Petr Pol\u00edvka.
\nT\u00edm podle n\u011bho tak\u00e9 v\u00edce zapadnou mezi spolu\u017e\u00e1ky. Tato t\u0159\u00edda vznikla a\u017e letos z \u017e\u00e1k\u016f ze dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u0161kol. „Sedli si v\u0161ichni rychle a dob\u0159e. I kdy\u017e mezi nimi prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ob\u010das klasick\u00e9 \u0161arv\u00e1tky. Jako norm\u00e1ln\u011b mezi d\u011btmi v pubert\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u011bku,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Pol\u00edvka.<\/p>\n

Co je ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Otovick\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kola ka\u017ed\u00fd rok nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d ro\u010dn\u00edky spolupracuje na velk\u00e9m projektu. Sami \u017e\u00e1ci nap\u0159\u00edklad vymysleli jeden, kter\u00fd se jmenoval „J\u00e1 a oni, prost\u011b my“. C\u00edlem bylo p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit zdrav\u00fdm, co obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed jednotliv\u00e1 posti\u017een\u00ed. Schody tak nap\u0159\u00edklad museli za pomoci kamar\u00e1da sej\u00edt se zav\u00e1zan\u00fdma o\u010dima. Vyzkou\u0161eli si i invalidn\u00ed voz\u00edk. „I kdy\u017e jsme jim \u0159ekli, \u017ee jsou v roli posti\u017een\u00e9ho od pasu dol\u016f, zprvu se odstrkovali nohama,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Topi\u010dov\u00e1.
\nNejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00fakol ale je\u0161t\u011b u\u010ditele \u010dekal: jak n\u00e1zorn\u011b d\u011btem vysv\u011btlit, co je vlastn\u011b ment\u00e1ln\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed. Jedna z u\u010ditelek, kter\u00e1 vystudovala speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogiku, proto okop\u00edrovala matematick\u00e9 \u00falohy z vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdch skript a \u0159ekla jim, a\u0165 je vypo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed obvykle v po\u010dtech vynikaj\u00ed, se zprvu nedok\u00e1zali vyrovnat s nezdarem. Pot\u00e9 ale pochopili, \u017ee ne v\u017edy lze v\u0161e zvl\u00e1dnout snadno.
\nPozitiva spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se podle u\u010ditel\u016f ukazuj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v budouc\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b absolvent\u016f \u0161koly. T\u00edm, \u017ee nebyli jen mezi handicapovan\u00fdmi, se zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed l\u00e9pe za\u010dlenit do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho provozu \u2013 naj\u00edt si pr\u00e1ci a komunikovat s okol\u00edm.<\/p>\n

MICHAELA KAB\u00c1TOV\u00c1
\nLidov\u00e9 noviny<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u017de handicapovan\u00ed naru\u0161\u00ed v\u00fduku v b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch? Velk\u00fd omyl, st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z nich tahouni t\u0159\u00eddy, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 ze zku\u0161enosti Jitka Topi\u010dov\u00e1, \u0159editelka Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly a mate\u0159sk\u00e9 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24752"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24752\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24752"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}