{"id":24943,"date":"2016-03-16T12:59:36","date_gmt":"2016-03-16T11:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24943"},"modified":"2016-03-17T07:25:57","modified_gmt":"2016-03-17T06:25:57","slug":"osamelym-seniorum-by-mohl-v-budoucnu-delat-spolecnost-robot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=24943","title":{"rendered":"Osam\u011bl\u00fdm senior\u016fm by mohl v budoucnu d\u011blat spole\u010dnost robot"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstanou sami, by u\u017e za n\u011bkolik let mohli za\u010d\u00edt d\u011blat spole\u010dnost roboti s lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Na v\u00fdvoji pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho spole\u010dn\u00edka s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed pracuj\u00ed v\u011bdci z univerzity v Amsterodamu. Pe\u010dovatelku Alici v Praze p\u0159edstavila jedna z jej\u00edch matek, profesorka psychologie Elly Konijnov\u00e1. Dorazila na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0159adatel\u016f festivalu dokument\u016f o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech Jeden sv\u011bt.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"robot<\/a>
robot Alice<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

„Jsem r\u00e1d, \u017ee v\u00e1s vid\u00edm. T\u011b\u0161\u00ed m\u011b, \u017ee v\u00e1s pozn\u00e1v\u00e1m. Jmenuji se Robot. M\u016fj otec Karel \u010capek. Nemohu st\u00e1t, chodit. Pomo\u017ete mi pros\u00edm. M\u00e1te k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fd \u0161roubov\u00e1k? D\u011bkuji v\u00e1m za pomoc. Velmi se mi to l\u00edbilo,“ pozdravila jasnou \u010de\u0161tinou robotka Alice. Nau\u010dit ji mluvit gramaticky spr\u00e1vn\u011b d\u011blalo v\u011bdc\u016fm pot\u00ed\u017ee. Mate\u0159\u0161tinou pe\u010dovatelky Alice je holand\u0161tina.<\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdvoji robot\u016f s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed pracuje americk\u00e1 firma. Pro v\u00fdzkum poskytla sv\u016fj model RoboKind<\/a><\/i><\/span>. Robot s tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed d\u011bv\u010d\u00e1tka m\u011b\u0159\u00ed 60 centimetr\u016f. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho by se podle Konijnov\u00e9 lid\u00e9 b\u00e1li.<\/p>\n

Alice<\/a><\/i><\/span> je prototyp. M\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b sestru, kter\u00e1 poskytuje n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly. Odborn\u00edci se sna\u017e\u00ed ze dvou robot\u016f slo\u017eit jednoho funguj\u00edc\u00edho, kter\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal pohotov\u011b reagovat, usm\u00edvat se i mra\u010dit. T\u00fdm, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed psychologov\u00e9, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00ed experti, jazykov\u011bdci, pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 \u010di technici, u\u010d\u00ed Alici \u017e\u00edt a mluvit se star\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bkem. Nastavuje se rychlost reakc\u00ed, hloubka hlasu \u010di srozumitelnost. „N\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1 hlavn\u011b interakce, komunikace, lidsk\u00fd prvek,“ zd\u016fraznila Konijnov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Alice str\u00e1vila \u010das s n\u011bkolika seniorkami. \u017deny, kter\u00e9 se narodily ve 20. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, byly nejd\u0159\u00edv odta\u017eit\u00e9. Pak si s robotem ale pov\u00eddaly, zp\u00edvaly \u010di sledovaly fotbal v televizi. Poradil jim t\u0159eba sm\u011brovac\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla na dopis, prohl\u00ed\u017eel si s nimi fotografie a vypr\u00e1v\u011bl o jejich rodin\u011b, kontroloval jejich cvi\u010den\u00ed \u010di je doprovodil do kav\u00e1rny. Pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnice ale sama nechod\u00ed. Podle p\u0159edstav expert\u016f toti\u017e i ona mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b odk\u00e1z\u00e1na na pomoc, kterou j\u00ed budou sta\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 poskytovat. D\u00edky tomu se zbav\u00ed pocitu bezmoci a neu\u017eite\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd \u010dasto m\u00edvaj\u00ed, vysv\u011btlila Konijnov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch st\u00e1tech st\u00e1rne a st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed se do\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hodn\u011b vysok\u00e9ho v\u011bku. Opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b \u017eeny. Partnera a p\u0159\u00e1tele toti\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle statistick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu v roce 2014 \u017eilo v \u010cesku 127.000 lid\u00ed nad 85 let. V roce 2030 by jich podle demografick\u00e9 projekce mohlo b\u00fdt kolem 336.000. Mu\u017ei by tvo\u0159ili zhruba t\u0159etinu. Jen stolet\u00fdch a star\u0161\u00edch by mohlo b\u00fdt kolem 4000, nyn\u00ed je to asi tis\u00edcovka. V polovin\u011b stolet\u00ed by republika mohla m\u00edt zhruba 613.000 obyvatel nad 85 let, podle nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch propo\u010dt\u016f pak dokonce kolem 696.000. Stovku by za sebou mohlo m\u00edt a\u017e 5000 mu\u017e\u016f a p\u0159es 15.000 \u017een.<\/p>\n

Podle v\u011bdkyn\u011b nebude „dost rukou“, kter\u00e9 by se o pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 postaraly. Pe\u010dovatel\u00e9 a pe\u010dovatelky chyb\u011bj\u00ed u\u017e dnes. „Nem\u016f\u017eeme \u010dekat, a\u017e s prefabrikovan\u00fdmi roboty nasko\u010d\u00ed firmy. Je pot\u0159eba zohlednit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a lidsk\u00fd aspekt,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bdkyn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00fdzkumu byl etick\u00fd pohled. Experti cht\u011bli s Alic\u00ed vyzkou\u0161et, jestli je mo\u017en\u00e9 lidsk\u00fd kontakt nahradit um\u011bl\u00fdm a kam a\u017e se d\u00e1 vlastn\u011b zaj\u00edt. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 projekt kritizuj\u00ed. Pova\u017euj\u00ed za nemor\u00e1ln\u00ed, aby \u010dlov\u011bk tr\u00e1vil st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed s robotem.<\/p>\n

„O na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti m\u00e1me velmi idealizovanou p\u0159edstavu. Jak \u010dasto nav\u0161t\u011bvujete sv\u00e9 prarodi\u010de, star\u00e9 sousedy \u010di lidi, o nich\u017e v\u00edte, \u017ee jsou osam\u011bl\u00ed? Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u0161ichni p\u0159ejeme star\u00fdm d\u00e1m\u00e1m \u0161\u0165astnou rodinu, tu ale nemaj\u00ed a jsou samy. Stejn\u011b jako \u0159ada jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti. Samota je velmi bolestn\u00e1. \u00daleva je mnohem d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e to, \u017ee ji poskytne robot,“ je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dena Konijnov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ne\u017e se pe\u010dovatelky s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed dostanou na trh, potrv\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9ta. Prvn\u00ed modely nav\u00edc budou nejsp\u00ed\u0161 velmi drah\u00e9. Cena klesne a\u017e po \u010dase s p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Humanoidn\u00ed roboti u\u017e dnes pracuj\u00ed ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, v domovech pro seniory, s autistick\u00fdmi d\u011btmi \u010di ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad robot Zora<\/a><\/i><\/span>, kter\u00e9ho vyrobila francouzsk\u00e1 firma, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 lidem v Belgii, Francii \u010di Nizozemsku v rehabilita\u010dn\u00edch centrech cvi\u010dit, ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch zas t\u0159eba vysv\u011btluje matematiku. „D\u011bti Zoru miluj\u00ed. \u0158\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee u\u010ditel m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt klidn\u011b dom\u016f, cht\u011bj\u00ed jen robota. U\u010ditele ale dom\u016f nikdy nepo\u0161leme. Roboti budou v\u017edy jen podpora,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Konijnov\u00e1. Zoru maj\u00ed r\u00e1di i d\u0159\u00edve narozen\u00ed. Klidn\u011b ji pohlad\u00ed \u010di obejmou.<\/p>\n

Proti \u017eiv\u00e9mu person\u00e1lu maj\u00ed „stroje“ velkou v\u00fdhodu. Tou je trp\u011blivost. Zat\u00edmco u\u010ditel\u00e9 n\u011bkdy nedok\u00e1\u017eou podes\u00e1t\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit nech\u00e1pav\u00fdm \u0161kol\u00e1\u010dk\u016fm l\u00e1tku bez zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hlasu a p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zdravotn\u00edci nemaj\u00ed v\u017edy n\u00e1ladu poslouchat stejn\u00e9 historky pacient\u016f, robot to zvl\u00e1dne s p\u0159ehledem. „Na\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem je zajistit, aby sv\u011bt byl lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e te\u010f,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Konijnov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

ktk rot<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed ve st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z\u016fstanou sami, by u\u017e za n\u011bkolik let mohli za\u010d\u00edt d\u011blat spole\u010dnost roboti s lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Na v\u00fdvoji pe\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho spole\u010dn\u00edka s um\u011blou […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zdravi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=24943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24943\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=24943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=24943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=24943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}