{"id":25231,"date":"2016-04-13T10:32:48","date_gmt":"2016-04-13T08:32:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25231"},"modified":"2016-04-13T10:36:38","modified_gmt":"2016-04-13T08:36:38","slug":"valachova-dovrsuje-rozpad-ceskeho-skolstvi-nasilne-vnuceni-inkluze-nevidomy-senator-promlouva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25231","title":{"rendered":"Valachov\u00e1 dovr\u0161uje rozpad \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed. N\u00e1siln\u00e9 vnucen\u00ed inkluze. Nevidom\u00fd sen\u00e1tor promlouv\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nevidom\u00fd sen\u00e1tor a b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Sjednocen\u00e9 organizace nevidom\u00fdch a slabozrak\u00fdch \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky Milan Pe\u0161\u00e1k (foto) na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkladech vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d n\u00e1siln\u00e9 vnucov\u00e1n\u00ed inkluze z\u00e1sadn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed toleranci a vst\u0159\u00edcnost ve\u0159ejnosti k lidem se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm a po\u0161kod\u00ed je ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed i v dal\u0161\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. \u0160kolsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem p\u0159ijat\u00fdm v roce 2015 je dle n\u011bho dovr\u0161ov\u00e1n rozpad \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o takzvanou inkluzi, zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed kritick\u00e9 hlasy, \u017ee po\u0161kod\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161echny: b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ky, \u017e\u00e1ky s lehk\u00fdm ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm i u\u010ditele. M\u00e9n\u011b inteligentn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ci nebudou st\u00edhat v\u00fduku, budou zdr\u017eovat ty norm\u00e1ln\u00ed a u\u010ditel\u00e9 nebudou zvl\u00e1dat se v\u011bnovat t\u011bm m\u00e9n\u011b inteligentn\u00edm… Co o tom soud\u00edte?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u017de to \u017eel s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed popisujete celkem realisticky. Kdy\u017e vych\u00e1z\u00edte z nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f, ze \u0161patn\u00fdch v\u00fdchodisek, nikdy nem\u016f\u017eete doj\u00edt k dobr\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm. A k dobr\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm nedojdete ani v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nespr\u00e1vn\u011b stanov\u00edte priority. Prioritou ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed by m\u011bly v\u017edy b\u00fdt vzd\u011bl\u00e1van\u00e9 a vychov\u00e1van\u00e9 d\u011bti. M\u00e1m velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd pocit, \u017ee v dlouhodob\u00e9m tlaku na prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed inkluzivn\u00edch postup\u016f o za\u010dle\u0148ovan\u00e9 d\u011bti ani jejich spolu\u017e\u00e1ky p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nejde \u2013 a v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b u\u017e v\u016fbec ne. \u0158ekl bych, \u017ee jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e objektem, rukojm\u00edmi, s nimi\u017e nakl\u00e1daj\u00ed ti, kdo cht\u011bj\u00ed a\u017e pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed za ka\u017edou cenu p\u0159ij\u00edt s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm nov\u00fdm a ud\u011blat si na tom kari\u00e9ru. V\u017edy\u0165 cel\u00e1 kauza dnes vrchol\u00edc\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00edm \u0161kol pro lehce ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00e9 za\u010dala t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkdo z \u010cR \u017ealoval vrchnosti do Bruselu \u010di \u0160trasburku, soud na z\u00e1klad\u011b zkreslen\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f n\u011bjak rozhodl a my zase nem\u00e1me dost s\u00edly a odvahy efektivn\u011b se br\u00e1nit. Dokonce nem\u00e1me s\u00edlu ani odvahu napravit, co se d\u011blo \u0161patn\u011b. A tak s velkou pompou vylejeme s vani\u010dkou i d\u00edt\u011b. Skoro doslova.<\/p>\n

Ale existuje je\u0161t\u011b jeden a podstatn\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fsledek, toti\u017e, \u017ee n\u00e1siln\u00e9 vnucov\u00e1n\u00ed inkluze z\u00e1sadn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed toleranci a vst\u0159\u00edcnost ve\u0159ejnosti k lidem se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Jak to?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jestli\u017ee rodi\u010d z\u00edsk\u00e1 dojem, \u017ee ohledy na posti\u017een\u00e9ho spolu\u017e\u00e1ka ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed jeho syna \u010di dcery, bude na\u0161tvan\u00fd. A proto, \u017ee s t\u00edm nebude schopen cokoli ud\u011blat, jeho na\u0161tvanost, mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo hn\u011bv \u010di vztek se s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed obr\u00e1t\u00ed proti cel\u00e9 skupin\u011b lid\u00ed se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm. A i kdyby se to projevilo jen minim\u00e1ln\u011b, jen \u201epouh\u00fdm\u201c poklesem ochoty pom\u00e1hat t\u011bmto lidem, men\u0161\u00edm pochopen\u00edm pro situace, v nich\u017e si nemohou pomoci a poradit sami, poklesem vst\u0159\u00edcnosti k jejich opravdov\u00fdm speci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010di specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, bude to \u0161patn\u011b. M\u00edsto inkluze, tedy v\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed lid\u00ed s posti\u017een\u00edm a jejich rodi\u010d\u016f do spole\u010dnosti dos\u00e1hneme p\u0159esn\u00e9ho opaku. Po kolik\u00e1t\u00e9 ji\u017e…<\/p>\n

Stra\u0161n\u011b r\u00e1d bych se m\u00fdlil, ale d\u016fvodn\u011b se ob\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee zaveden\u00edm inkluze bude v praxi pop\u0159eno to, co je prezentov\u00e1no jako jej\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos \u2013 \u017ee kdy\u017e si zdrav\u00e9 d\u011bti na ty posti\u017een\u00e9 zvyknou u\u017e ve \u0161kole, budou k nim tolerantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i v dosp\u011bl\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Bude to naopak. Proto se d\u016fvodn\u011b ob\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee inkluze, jak je prosazov\u00e1na dnes, p\u0159isp\u011bje k vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed, tedy segregaci, lid\u00ed se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Co mysl\u00edte t\u011bmi \u0161patn\u00fdmi v\u00fdchodisky?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00edm \u0161patn\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskem, by\u0165 nevysloven\u00fdm, je, \u017ee d\u016fsledky zdravotn\u00edho posti\u017een\u00ed jsou vhodnou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, kompenza\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky a pom\u016fckami, vhodn\u00fdmi pedagogick\u00fdmi \u010di jin\u00fdmi kompenza\u010dn\u00edmi postupy odstraniteln\u00e9. Nejsou a \u017eel nikdy nebudou. M\u016f\u017ee se n\u00e1m to nel\u00edbit, ale zdravotn\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed v\u017edy z\u016fstane posti\u017een\u00edm, handicap z\u016fstane handicapem.<\/p>\n

Zdrav\u00ed nen\u00ed standardn\u00ed a n\u00e1rokovou v\u00fdbavou k \u017eivotu, a kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bku nen\u00ed d\u00e1no, v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 instituci a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi je st\u00e1t ani nikdo jin\u00fd neoprav\u00ed jako auto v autoservisu. \u010clov\u011bk s posti\u017een\u00edm se m\u016f\u017ee vyrovnat lidem zdrav\u00fdm, ale jen n\u011bkdy, tu a tam, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech. V\u017edy jej to v\u0161ak bude st\u00e1t v\u00edc sil, energie, \u010dasu, dovednost\u00ed, zku\u0161enost\u00ed a kdo v\u00ed \u010deho je\u0161t\u011b… D\u011bl\u00e1te-li n\u011bco n\u00e1hradn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem \u2013 a to pokud jste obda\u0159eni omezen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed s sebou v\u017edy nese, d\u011blat prost\u011b mus\u00edte \u2013 nikdy to nebude srovnateln\u00e9 s t\u00edm, jako kdy\u017e tut\u00e9\u017e v\u011bc d\u011bl\u00e1te p\u0159irozen\u011b, jako drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch. Kdo tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je to jinak, pop\u00edr\u00e1 z\u00e1sady zdrav\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, evoluci i logiku ekonomie.<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1m to s plnou v\u00e1\u017enost\u00ed jako nevidom\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd v \u017eivot\u011b dos\u00e1hnul mnoh\u00e9ho \u2013 a zdaleka nemluv\u00edm jen o zvolen\u00ed sen\u00e1torem. Pot\u00fdk\u00e1m se s t\u00edm p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 str\u00e1nky textu, p\u0159i cest\u011b nejen do pr\u00e1ce, ale t\u0159eba ke kontejneru s odpadkov\u00fdm ko\u0161em, v\u00fdb\u011bru ko\u0161ile a kravaty \u010di placen\u00ed bankovkou z pen\u011b\u017eenky. Nest\u011b\u017euji si, ale \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m to proto, abychom si uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee to v\u0161echno, v\u0161echny ty ka\u017edodenn\u00ed banality, se l\u00e9pe d\u011blaj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, za pou\u017eit\u00ed zraku. Stejn\u011b tak se s d\u016fsledky sv\u00e9ho handicapu pot\u00fdk\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk se sluchov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m rozhovoru, t\u011blesn\u011b posti\u017een\u00fd, kdy\u017e napadne p\u00e1r centimetr\u016f sn\u011bhu, \u010dlov\u011bk s ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm, kdy\u017e mus\u00ed \u010delit a reagovat na v\u0161echny samoz\u0159ejmosti i \u00faskal\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Podlehli jsme iluzi, \u017ee kdy\u017e je d\u00edky modern\u00ed technice mo\u017en\u00e9 i se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm d\u011blat to, co d\u0159\u00edve ne\u0161lo, \u017ee to jde stejn\u011b snadno, stejn\u011b efektivn\u011b, ve stejn\u00e9m \u010dase. Nen\u00ed tomu tak a nikdy tomu tak nebude. A kdy\u017e se to poda\u0159\u00ed, chce to v\u011bt\u0161inou hodn\u011b dobrou p\u0159\u00edpravu. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed a specializovanou p\u0159\u00edpravu… D\u016fvod je stejn\u00fd jako u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sportovce. Na mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta v\u00a0ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u011b nem\u016f\u017eete jet jen tak z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 sjezdovky. \u017d\u00edt se zdravotn\u00edm handicapem a zvl\u00e1dat b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 situace, v\u00a0mnoh\u00e9m se vyrovnat t\u011bm bez handicapu, to je velk\u00e9 mistrovstv\u00ed, mistrovstv\u00ed (by\u0165 jen vlastn\u00edho) sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

Co bude podle v\u00e1s inkluze znamenat pro syst\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cR?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0158ekl bych, \u017ee \u0161kolsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem p\u0159ijat\u00fdm v\u00a0roce 2015 je dovr\u0161ov\u00e1n rozpad \u010desk\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1m-li, \u017ee je dovr\u0161ov\u00e1n, tak t\u00edm implicitn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee za\u010dal mnohem d\u0159\u00edve. Za\u010dal u\u017e n\u011bkdy na p\u0159elomu tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. \u0160koln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed pl\u00e1ny zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159estupu d\u00edt\u011bte ze \u0161koly na \u0161kolu, t\u0159eba v\u00a0d\u016fsledku st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed, se ono octne \u201ev cizin\u011b\u201c, proto\u017ee jeho nov\u00ed spolu\u017e\u00e1ci se neu\u010dili to, co se u\u010dil on, a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch se bude op\u011bt u\u010dit to, co se ji\u017e u\u010dil. A to rad\u011bji nemluv\u00edm o dobr\u00e9m byznysu centr\u00e1ln\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch maturit \u010di utopii centr\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edch zkou\u0161ek…<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e bylo spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 otev\u0159\u00edt cestu integrovan\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, jak se stalo v\u00a090. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, jeho bezb\u0159eh\u00e9 prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0letech n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch zp\u016fsobilo pokles \u00farovn\u011b znalost\u00ed a dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1ci zejm\u00e9na se smyslov\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm maj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Opravdu pokles znalost\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uka\u017ete mi matematika na druh\u00e9m stupni b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0161koly nebo \u010dasto i pedagogick\u00e9ho asistenta nevidom\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, kter\u00fd um\u00ed v\u00a0Braillov\u011b p\u00edsmu zapsat oby\u010dejn\u00fd slo\u017een\u00fd zlomek… A tak nevidom\u00e9 d\u011bti dnes \u010dasto \u201ep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed\u201c dikt\u00e1t \u00fastn\u011b, tak n\u011bjak \u00fastn\u011b \u0159e\u0161\u00ed i rovnice \u010di jin\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 \u00falohy… Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b klesla \u00farove\u0148 speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol, tedy \u0161kol pro zrakov\u011b, sluchov\u011b, t\u011blesn\u011b a jinak posti\u017een\u00e9, ne t\u011bch, co se jim p\u0159ed tot\u00e1ln\u00edm zmaten\u00edm jazyk\u016f, jeho\u017e jsme v\u00a0resortu \u0161kolstv\u00ed (by\u0165 nejen tam) sv\u011bdky, \u0159\u00edkalo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed. A pokud mi n\u011bkdo chce oponovat konstatov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee po\u010det student\u016f \u010di absolvent\u016f vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol se v\u00a0t\u00e9to dob\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161il, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, \u017ee pro m\u011b je t\u00edm opravdov\u00fdm argumentem, kter\u00fd n\u011bco vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o kvalit\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, zam\u011bstnanost. A ta nepochybn\u011b klesla. U absolvent\u016f se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm klesla \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b v\u00edc ne\u017e zam\u011bstnanost b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u201ezdrav\u00fdch\u201c absolvent\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pokud bude u\u010ditel vysv\u011btlovat n\u011bjakou l\u00e1tku, bude m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e9 tempo \u201ep\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky\u201c. Jak to m\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00e1k s\u00a0lehk\u00fdm ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm st\u00edhat? Jak mu v tom m\u016f\u017ee pomoci asistent? To mu to zopakuje? Nebo se bude muset \u201ekolona\u201c \u0159\u00eddit tempem nejpomalej\u0161\u00edho vozu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00edte p\u0159\u00edklad z\u00a0dopravy, mo\u017en\u00e1 by st\u00e1lo za p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed, \u017ee tam pro pomal\u00e9 vozy z\u0159izujeme zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9 j\u00edzdn\u00ed pruhy. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jsme pochopili, \u017ee konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed v\u016fz jede v\u017edy v\u00a0\u010dele kolony, je ironie. Podobn\u011b se soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9 j\u00edzdn\u00ed pruhy des\u00edtky let budovaly i v\u00a0oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. \u0158\u00edkalo se tomu speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Dnes si namlouv\u00e1me, \u017ee jsme chyt\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed a m\u016f\u017eeme speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed ru\u0161it.<\/p>\n

Pokud bude ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b skupinka \u017e\u00e1k\u016f s LMP a asistenty, nebude ru\u0161it ostatn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ky z koncentrace? Jedn\u00e1 se i o d\u011bti s poruchou chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 autismus, ADHD… D\u011bti mohou b\u00fdt nezvladateln\u00e9, vyk\u0159ikovat…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost asistent\u016f, paraleln\u00ed v\u00fduka i \u017e\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed se z\u00a0d\u016fvodu sv\u00e9ho posti\u017een\u00ed nemohou pln\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnit v\u00fduky, kladou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1roky na pr\u00e1ci hlavn\u00edho u\u010ditele i na koncentraci \u017e\u00e1k\u016f. By\u0165 je to obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011b\u0159it, mo\u017en\u00e1 to ovliv\u0148uje i kvalitu v\u00fduky. J\u00e1 ale chci mluvit o n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Podstatn\u00e9 z\u00a0hlediska inkluze, tedy za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do kolektivu, je tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b asistenta \u010di sv\u00e9ho u\u010ditele, nikdy nen\u00ed t\u00edm \u201eoby\u010dejn\u00fdm d\u00edt\u011btem, p\u0159irozen\u00fdm par\u0165\u00e1kem ostatn\u00edch \u017e\u00e1k\u016f\u201c. A\u0165 se n\u00e1m to l\u00edb\u00ed, \u010di nikoli, a\u0165 si to p\u0159ipust\u00edme, nebo ne, osobn\u00ed nebo pedagogick\u00fd asistent je \u010dinitelem, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b ve sm\u011bru vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed, odd\u011blen\u00ed, p\u016fsob\u00ed protiinkluzivn\u011b. Bez n\u011bj by v\u0161ak vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b pro d\u00edt\u011b se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm nem\u011blo u\u017e v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd efekt. Protiinkluzivn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed tak\u00e9 ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u00falevy v\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed, v\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed l\u00e1tky, kterou mus\u00ed posti\u017een\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b zvl\u00e1dnout a tak d\u00e1le. A tak je ot\u00e1zkou, zda v\u00fdsledkem onoho inkluzivn\u00edho nebo spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je inkluze, tedy v\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed, nebo jej\u00ed opak.<\/p>\n

Je dob\u0159e, \u017ee jsme se dostali k problematice hodnocen\u00ed. Jak se bude ostatn\u00edm \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm vysv\u011btlovat, \u017ee \u201ehloup\u00fd Honza\u201c m\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mku ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b? Nem\u016f\u017ee to pak vyvolat nevra\u017eivost?<\/strong><\/p>\n

To se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vysv\u011btluje ji\u017e nyn\u00ed a i na internetu koluj\u00ed spamy, kter\u00e9 tuto skute\u010dnost karikuj\u00ed. \u017del velmi p\u0159esn\u011b a realisticky. U\u017e dnes se t\u011b\u017eko vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei hrajeme v\u00edce lig. Nikam nevede, \u017ee si to nechceme p\u0159ipustit, a abychom se tomu ubr\u00e1nili, s\u00a0pohybem politiky doleva st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji ozna\u010dujeme sout\u011b\u017e za cosi ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edho a\u017e nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho. M\u016f\u017ee se to komukoli nel\u00edbit, ale sout\u011b\u017e \u010dasto v\u00a0brut\u00e1ln\u00ed form\u011b boje o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed neprob\u00edh\u00e1 jen v\u00a0\u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u010di rostlinn\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i p\u0159\u00edrody, ale t\u00e9\u017e po celou dobu existence lidstva. Aby ona sout\u011b\u017e nem\u011bla nep\u0159ijateln\u011b brut\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu, je regulov\u00e1na spole\u010densk\u00fdmi normami. Ale sout\u011b\u017e tu je, p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 a bude existovat, by\u0165 si zak\u00e1\u017eeme o n\u00ed mluvit.<\/p>\n

Op\u011bt v\u0161ak podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, n\u011bco, o \u010dem se nemluv\u00ed. U\u017e v\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole d\u011bti u\u010d\u00edme, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 krit\u00e9rium se d\u00e1 relativizovat, zm\u011bk\u010dit \u010di zpochybnit. Ignorujeme skute\u010dnost, \u017ee to, co je snadno pochopiteln\u00e9, v\u00a0mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech i p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho, nen\u00ed pochopiteln\u00e9 a nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 pro d\u00edt\u011b. D\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ece nen\u00ed jen n\u011bjak\u00fd dosp\u011bl\u00fd men\u0161\u00edho vzr\u016fstu. Nav\u00edc krit\u00e9rium \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti v\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b, uplatn\u011bn\u00ed se v\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9m povol\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di vyd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed si pen\u011bz se relativizovat ned\u00e1. Bu\u010f pr\u00e1ci z\u00edsk\u00e1m, nebo ne a nen\u00ed k\u00a0tomu co dodat. Bu\u010f si vyd\u011bl\u00e1m na sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby, nebo ne. A kdy\u017e si nevyd\u011bl\u00e1m, nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed to n\u011bjak\u00e1, velmi \u010dasto lichv\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1, p\u016fj\u010dka. I zde je jedinou dobrou cestou p\u0159iznat si pravdu.<\/p>\n

Relativizujeme a znejednozna\u010d\u0148ujeme nejen hodnocen\u00ed, ale jeho prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00ed hodnoty. P\u0159i\u010dteme-li k\u00a0tomu ekonomickou stimulaci k\u00a0znefunk\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed rodin (berou se jen ekonomi\u010dt\u00ed utopist\u00e9), m\u00e1me tu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u016fvody, pro\u010d stav spole\u010dnosti jde od des\u00edti k\u00a0p\u011bti a vypad\u00e1, jak vypad\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Co ot\u00e1zka \u0161ikany? V\u00edme, \u017ee d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 n\u011bjak vybo\u010duj\u00ed z kolektivu, a\u0165 u\u017e chov\u00e1n\u00edm, zjevem, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed situac\u00ed a podobn\u011b b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0161ikanov\u00e1ny… Nehroz\u00ed, \u017ee se budou d\u011bti vysm\u00edvat posti\u017een\u00fdm d\u011btem jako \u201ement\u00e1l\u016fm\u201c \u010di \u201ekripl\u016fm\u201c?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hroz\u00ed. Ale to hroz\u00ed a hrozilo v\u017edy. Prevenc\u00ed nen\u00ed segregace, tedy absolutn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed. \u0160ikana byla v\u017edy, m\u016f\u017eeme jen diskutovat o tom, jestli v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b, kdy\u017e si tak po\u0159\u00e1d namlouv\u00e1me, jak jsme st\u00e1le hum\u00e1nn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nen\u00ed drasti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nemus\u00edme v\u0161ak mluvit o t\u011bchto extr\u00e9mn\u00edch projevech. Ono dostatek \u0161kody nap\u00e1ch\u00e1, pokud se ty takzvan\u011b zdrav\u00e9 d\u011bti nau\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee ty posti\u017een\u00e9 jsou zv\u00fdhod\u0148ov\u00e1ny, z\u00edskaj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee jsou zv\u00fdhod\u0148ov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b, nau\u010d\u00ed se je podce\u0148ovat, v\u0161t\u00edp\u00ed si p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee neum\u00ed, \u017ee nejsou schopni, \u017ee jsou neschopni, tedy invalidn\u00ed. Tak se lid\u00e9 s\u00a0posti\u017een\u00edm ozna\u010dovali za minul\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a my jsme se sna\u017eili o zm\u011bnu. Jen\u017ee n\u011bjak jsme nena\u0161li tu pravou m\u00edru. Zm\u011bnu jsme p\u0159ehnali, ono pomysln\u00e9 kyvadlo vych\u00fdlili do opa\u010dn\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed polohy, kde se dokonce mo\u017en\u00e1 ani nezastav\u00ed, a pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00e9ho kruhov\u00e9ho pohybu se p\u0159eklop\u00ed do toho extr\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd tu ji\u017e byl.<\/p>\n

A jestli\u017ee se oni inkluzivn\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed pou\u010den\u00ed takzvan\u00ed zdrav\u00ed spolu\u017e\u00e1ci dostanou do \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edch funkc\u00ed, stanou-li se zam\u011bstnavateli, ty lidi s\u00a0posti\u017een\u00edm nikdy nezam\u011bstnaj\u00ed a budou je pova\u017eovat za lidi druh\u00e9 kategorie. Krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho tak\u00e9 d\u00edky sv\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed zku\u0161enosti. To bude tak\u00e9 v\u00fddobytkem dne\u0161n\u00edho inkluzivn\u00edho \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9\u017e zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1mitky, \u017ee pedagogov\u00e9 ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch maj\u00ed vystudovanou speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogiku, v\u011bd\u00ed, jak se maj\u00ed k d\u011btem se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami chovat, zat\u00edmco pedagog z klasick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladky toto vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nem\u00e1 a ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd kurs to nedok\u00e1\u017ee nahradit. Stejn\u011b tak asistent se st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm nem\u016f\u017ee nahradit vysoko\u0161kolsky vzd\u011blan\u00e9ho speci\u00e1ln\u00edho pedagoga…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Paradoxn\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed doba, kter\u00e1 je charakteristick\u00e1 vysokou specializac\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na trhu pr\u00e1ce, se vyzna\u010duje devalvac\u00ed specializovan\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f. D\u016fkazem, \u017ee inkluze je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ideologi\u00ed, je pro m\u011b skute\u010dnost, \u017ee speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogov\u00e9 jsou nejen podce\u0148ov\u00e1ni a podhodnocov\u00e1ni, ale \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1ni jako necht\u011bn\u00fd a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed element. A ze syst\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jsou vytla\u010dov\u00e1ni sp\u00ed\u0161 do oblasti soci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010di podobn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rokem bojovali o svou existenci na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, kdy podle v\u00fdkladu n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f jejich vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro v\u00fduku na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole. Byli nuceni k\u00a0tomu, aby t\u0159eba v\u00a0pades\u00e1ti studovali druhou vysokou \u0161kolu, oby\u010dejn\u00e9 u\u010ditelstv\u00ed, proto\u017ee to speci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za kvalifikaci. Obsahem jejich studijn\u00edch program\u016f byly tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, jako t\u0159eba zkou\u0161ka z\u00a0t\u011blocviku. Hovo\u0159\u00edm o vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti moj\u00ed man\u017eelky a mnoha jej\u00edch kolegy\u0148. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogika jako odborn\u00e1 discipl\u00edna se vyv\u00edjely t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b stolet\u00ed; speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagogika jako discipl\u00edna jsou likvidov\u00e1ny b\u011bhem p\u00e1r let. Ale obnovit je tak rychle nep\u016fjde. Pokud to p\u016fjde v\u016fbec…<\/p>\n

Co ot\u00e1zka jazyk\u016f? M\u00e1 v\u016fbec cenu, aby se d\u00edt\u011b p\u016fvodn\u011b ze speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly u\u010dilo dva sv\u011btov\u00e9 jazyky, kdy\u017e je n\u011bkdy r\u00e1do, \u017ee v\u016fbec zvl\u00e1dne mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tak zaprv\u00e9: D\u016fsledkem zmaten\u00ed jazyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsem zm\u00ednil v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 z prvn\u00edch odpov\u011bd\u00ed, zast\u00edr\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly nejsou jen pro d\u011bti s\u00a0ment\u00e1ln\u00edm handicapem. A o tom, \u017ee m\u00e1 smysl, aby se i d\u011bti nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed, nevid\u00edc\u00ed nebo sed\u00edc\u00ed na voz\u00edku u\u010dily ciz\u00ed jazyky jako jin\u00e9 d\u011bti, snad nem\u016f\u017ee pochybovat nikdo mysl\u00edc\u00ed. A v\u00a0r\u00e1mci individu\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho pl\u00e1nu bude nepochybn\u011b \u0159e\u0161ena ot\u00e1zka v\u00fduky jazyk\u016f u t\u011bch d\u011bt\u00ed, kde to m\u00edra posti\u017een\u00ed neumo\u017e\u0148uje. Op\u011bt za podstatnou v\u0161ak pova\u017euji jinou ot\u00e1zku, a to jak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me vlastn\u00ed mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk.<\/p>\n

Mateme pojmy a t\u00edm komol\u00edme nejen mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk, ale tak\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed \u010di vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta, skute\u010dnosti, reality, v\u011bc\u00ed a vztah\u016f. V\u00a0oblasti \u0161kolstv\u00ed to ji\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00edc ne\u017e patn\u00e1cti lety za\u010dalo t\u00edm, \u017ee jsme v\u00fdukou \u010di u\u010den\u00edm naz\u00fdvali procesy, kter\u00e9 jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdchovou \u010di p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed. Za\u010dali jsme m\u00edsto vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u00e1t divadlo, kter\u00e9 se vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm a hodnocen\u00edm jeho v\u00fdsledk\u016f m\u00e1 jen m\u00e1lo spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. A nyn\u00ed v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0inkluz\u00ed nep\u0159izn\u00e1me, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 do\u0161lo k\u00a0n\u011bkolika chyb\u00e1m p\u0159i um\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed romsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed do zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0161kol, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 romsk\u00e9 d\u011bti byly do \u0161kol pro lehce ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00e9 za\u0159azeny nespr\u00e1vn\u011b, ale m\u00edsto toho ty \u0161koly ru\u0161\u00edme, by\u0165 byly dobrodin\u00edm pro d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 lehk\u00fdm ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm trp\u00ed a v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b se tr\u00e1pily a byly tam ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 se objevuje v\u00fdhrada, \u017ee se ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 revolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bna, ani\u017e by se tato v\u011bc n\u011bkde p\u0159ed t\u00edm vyzkou\u0161ela aspo\u0148 n\u011bkolik let v pilotn\u00edch projektech… \u010cili se takto experimentuje s d\u011btmi a \u010desk\u00fdm \u0161kolstv\u00edm, s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co relativn\u011b dob\u0159e funguje a je zab\u011bhl\u00e9…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tato pseudorevolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bna se sice nevyzkou\u0161ela u n\u00e1s, ale v\u00a0zahrani\u010d\u00ed se zku\u0161enosti najdou. Proto\u017ee u\u017e leccos pamatuju a je\u0161t\u011b si to pamatuju, v\u00edm, \u017ee speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly ru\u0161ili v\u00a080. letech t\u0159eba v\u00a0It\u00e1lii. Poznali, \u017ee to nen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 cesta a alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st syst\u00e9mu tamn\u00edho speci\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161kolstv\u00ed zachovali. Obdobn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky m\u011bli je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edve i ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku; pak tam za\u010dali speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly vyu\u017e\u00edvat jako metodick\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b pro u\u010ditele b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol, kde se integrovan\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u011bti s\u00a0posti\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Nepot\u0159ebujeme zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 projekty, kter\u00e9 realit\u011b stejn\u011b prakticky nepom\u00e1haj\u00ed, proto\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme po jejich ukon\u010den\u00ed schopni zajistit z\u00a0dom\u00e1c\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Moud\u0159\u00ed se pou\u010d\u00ed z\u00a0historie, ze zku\u0161enost\u00ed jin\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Nebylo by t\u0159eba lep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, \u017ee by d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami m\u011bly sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, ale byly s ostatn\u00edmi \u017e\u00e1ky v jedn\u00e9 \u0161kole \u2013 budov\u011b a z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ovaly by se s nimi t\u0159eba t\u011blocviku a dal\u0161\u00edch \u0161koln\u00edch akc\u00ed mimo p\u0159\u00edmou v\u00fduku?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osobn\u011b si nemysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to plnohodnotn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. B\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol je a v\u017edy bude v\u00edc ne\u017e \u0161kol pro posti\u017een\u00e9. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, obdobn\u011b jako je tomu dnes, mohou slou\u017eit k \u201edoh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed\u201c n\u011bjak\u00e9ho deficitu, t\u0159eba v\u00a0oblasti poruch u\u010den\u00ed. Zdravotn\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ak takov\u00fd charakter nem\u00e1, je trval\u00e9. Nevidom\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b neprohl\u00e9dne, nesly\u0161\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b bude pot\u0159ebovat znakov\u00fd jazyk celo\u017eivotn\u011b, ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti se \u017eel v\u0161echny kognitivn\u00ed funkce neobnov\u00ed. P\u00e1r t\u0159\u00edd nen\u00ed alternativou speci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161kol\u00e1m. A pokud bychom \u0161li cestou, \u017ee v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b budeme vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat t\u0159eba p\u011bt ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, nemysl\u00edm, \u017ee bychom dos\u00e1hli kvalitn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdtky se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed t\u00e9\u017e financ\u00ed. \u017de byl schv\u00e1len z\u00e1kon, ani\u017e by n\u011bkdo po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vy\u010d\u00edslil n\u00e1klady. Nav\u00edc ministr financ\u00ed Andrej Babi\u0161 odm\u00edtl na inkluzi vy\u010dlenit pen\u00edze nav\u00edc…<\/strong><\/p>\n

To je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd ne\u0161var \u010desk\u00e9 legislativy. V\u00a0devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech musely b\u00fdt z\u00e1kony p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny i s\u00a0podz\u00e1konn\u00fdmi normami, neschvalovalo se, na co nebyly pen\u00edze. Pak levicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy za\u010daly st\u00e1t zadlu\u017eovat a schvalovat z\u00e1kony, ani\u017e by na jejich uplatn\u011bn\u00ed byly zaji\u0161t\u011bny pen\u00edze. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jsme p\u0159i schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed posledn\u00ed novely \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona poukazovali na to, \u017ee sliby tehdej\u0161\u00edho ministra \u0161kolstv\u00ed Chl\u00e1dka jsou jist\u011b dob\u0159e m\u00edn\u011bny, ale jsou to po\u0159\u00e1d jen sliby. Jen to ukazuje, \u017ee \u0159e\u0161\u00edme ned\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bci pro medi\u00e1ln\u00ed efekt, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ty d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, t\u0159eba jako ot\u00e1zky financov\u00e1n\u00ed, jsou p\u0159ekryty a upadnou do ned\u016fle\u017eitosti. Nav\u00edc hr\u00e1t vabank o pen\u00edze t\u00edm, \u017ee si bereme jako rukojm\u00ed tu d\u011bti, tu n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho, je pro m\u011b eticky nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9, by\u0165 je to tak\u0159ka ka\u017edodenn\u00ed praxe.<\/p>\n

Rovn\u011b\u017e existuj\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee inkluze povede k tomu, \u017ee bohat\u00ed rodi\u010de daj\u00ed sv\u00e9 d\u011bti na soukrom\u00e9 \u0161koly. A mohly by vznikat i soukrom\u00e9 \u0161koly pro d\u011bti s LMP bohat\u00fdch rodi\u010d\u016f…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e mnohokr\u00e1t jsem v tomto rozhovoru \u0159ekl, \u017ee inkluze v dne\u0161n\u00edm pojet\u00ed povede ke sv\u00e9mu opaku, tedy k segregaci. Pro\u010d se rodi\u010de sna\u017e\u00ed d\u00e1t sv\u00e9 d\u011bti do jazykov\u00fdch a jin\u00fdch v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdch \u0161kol? Pro\u010d tolik usiluj\u00ed, aby se jejich ratolesti dostali na v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 gymn\u00e1zia? Proto\u017ee \u00farove\u0148 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd a kvalita vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed na druh\u00e9m stupni z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol kles\u00e1. Chyb\u00ed tahouni t\u0159\u00edd nebo jich tam je zatracen\u011b m\u00e1lo. Jestli\u017ee \u00farove\u0148 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed inkluz\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edme, nem\u016f\u017eeme se divit, \u017ee rodi\u010de budou hledat jin\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. A nenamlouvejme si, \u017ee tomu zabr\u00e1n\u00edme, kdy\u017e v\u00edcelet\u00e1 gymn\u00e1zia \u010di v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 \u0161koly zru\u0161\u00edme. Dokud ta mo\u017enost bude, rodi\u010de v\u017edy budou pro sv\u00e9 d\u011bti cht\u00edt to nejlep\u0161\u00ed. A a\u017e ta mo\u017enost doopravdy nebude, budeme zp\u011bt v bol\u0161evick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o d\u011bti s t\u011blesn\u00fdm posti\u017een\u00edm, tak bezbari\u00e9rov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy jsou dost drah\u00e9. Stoj\u00ed to za to utr\u00e1cet miliony kv\u016fli p\u00e1r \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm? Respektive budou na to pen\u00edze, aby \u0161koly-z\u0159izovatel\u00e9 provedly stavebn\u00ed \u00fapravy?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stoj\u00ed. Nav\u00edc ty pen\u00edze se nebudou utr\u00e1cet od nyn\u011bj\u0161ka, bezbari\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u00fapravy \u0161kol se prov\u00e1d\u00ed u\u017e od sametov\u00e9 revoluce. Trouf\u00e1m si \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161koln\u00edch budov, kde je to stavebn\u011b a technicky mo\u017en\u00e9, ji\u017e bezbari\u00e9rov\u00fdmi \u00fapravami pro\u0161lo. Tak\u017ee tady \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd velk\u00fd pr\u016f\u0161vih neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1m. Mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy a u\u010debny budou pro prostorov\u00e9 pot\u0159eby \u017e\u00e1k\u016f s kompenza\u010dn\u00edmi pom\u016fckami mal\u00e9, ale i to nen\u00ed nic nov\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Je ale rozumn\u00e9 zamyslet se i nad d\u016fvody, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed komplikuj\u00ed a kter\u00e9 by jej komplikovat nem\u011bly.<\/p>\n

Je toti\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, jestli integrovan\u00e9mu, inkluzivn\u00edmu \u010di spole\u010dn\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed br\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1r schod\u016f \u010di \u00fazk\u00e9 dve\u0159e (tedy parametry objektu \u0161koly), nebo uzav\u0159en\u00ed \u010di v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9ho ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch komunika\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f, jimi\u017e vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 (tedy zrak \u010di sluch), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b zda je omezena funk\u010dnost onoho m\u00edsta, kde se znalosti a v\u011bdomosti zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Objekty a prost\u0159ed\u00ed je mo\u017eno m\u011bnit, ostatn\u011b \u010dlov\u011bk i jin\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy to d\u011blaj\u00ed po celou dobu sv\u00e9 existence. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, br\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed posti\u017een\u00ed, m\u011bly by b\u00fdt upraveny zp\u016fsob a m\u00edsto vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Jestli\u017ee v\u0161ak doktr\u00edn\u011b \u010di ideologii p\u0159izp\u016fsobujeme \u010dlov\u011bka, je to nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

www.parlamentnilisty.cz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nevidom\u00fd sen\u00e1tor a b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident Sjednocen\u00e9 organizace nevidom\u00fdch a slabozrak\u00fdch \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky Milan Pe\u0161\u00e1k (foto) na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkladech vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d n\u00e1siln\u00e9 vnucov\u00e1n\u00ed inkluze z\u00e1sadn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25232,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rozhovory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25231","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25231"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25231\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/25232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25231"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25231"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25231"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}