{"id":25258,"date":"2016-04-14T11:11:57","date_gmt":"2016-04-14T09:11:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25258"},"modified":"2016-04-14T11:11:57","modified_gmt":"2016-04-14T09:11:57","slug":"psychiatricti-pacienti-nejsou-nebezpecnejsi-nez-zbytek-populace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25258","title":{"rendered":"Psychiatri\u010dt\u00ed pacienti nejsou nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zbytek populace"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00ed Centrum du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed (CDZ) funguje v pra\u017esk\u00fdch Bohnic\u00edch. Psychiatr Miroslav Pastucha, kter\u00fd se na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed komunitn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pod\u00edlel, zde pracuje jako vedouc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159. Za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m psychiatrie pova\u017euje jej\u00ed stigmatizaci.<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Co si od reformy psychiatrie slibujete?<\/p>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b dost velk\u00e9 skupiny obyvatel, kter\u00e1 je nyn\u00ed velmi ned\u016fstojn\u00e1. A\u0165 proto, \u017ee zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota tr\u00e1v\u00ed v l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e1ch, tak proto, \u017ee pro n\u011b nejsou slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 by jim pom\u00e1haly \u017e\u00edt d\u016fstojn\u00fd \u017eivot v norm\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed a nau\u010dit se vyrovnat se sv\u00fdm handicapem.<\/p>\n

– To je hlavn\u00edm smyslem CDZ?<\/p>\n

Ano. Tito lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo \u017e\u00edt mezi ostatn\u00edmi lidmi a p\u00e9\u010de v t\u011bchto centrech jim to umo\u017en\u00ed. Jde o to, aby s nimi n\u011bkdo v komunit\u011b byl a pracoval a oni nemuseli doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt do sto kilometr\u016f vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch nemocnic a \u00fastav\u016f, kde tr\u00e1v\u00ed \u010das v nep\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u0161echny slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed, by m\u011bli m\u00edt po ruce. Je to tak\u00e9 slu\u017eba pro v\u0161echny, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s nebo na\u0161ich bl\u00edzk\u00fdch m\u016f\u017ee potkat z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 psychick\u00e1 porucha. Posl\u00e1n\u00edm CDZ by m\u011bla b\u00fdt osv\u011bta a spolupr\u00e1ce s m\u00edstn\u00edmi slu\u017ebami, jako jsou \u00fa\u0159ady, zdravotn\u00edci, \u0161koly, policie, a tak d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

– Jak\u00e9 vid\u00edte nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my reformy?<\/p>\n

Psychiatrie a psychiatri\u010dt\u00ed nemocn\u00ed za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti velkou stigmatizaci nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi oblastmi. A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o politickou reprezentaci, \u00fa\u0159ady, zam\u011bstnavatele ale i nepsychiatrick\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Nesm\u00edme zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee jsou to lid\u00e9 z masa a kost\u00ed jako v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed a maj\u00ed stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Je p\u0159itom paradoxn\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b psychiatrickou p\u00e9\u010di, ale styd\u00ed se o tom mezi sebou mluvit, p\u0159iznat se.<\/p>\n

– Nejsou argumentem ve\u0159ejnosti pro to, aby byli nemocn\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e izolov\u00e1ni, i tragick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady z minul\u00e9ho roku?<\/p>\n

Argumenty to jist\u011b jsou, ale velmi emotivn\u00ed a neracion\u00e1ln\u00ed. Statisticky nejsou psychiatri\u010dt\u00ed pacienti nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed populace. Lid\u00e9 se schizofreni\u00ed, depresemi nebo \u00fazkost\u00ed jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e uzav\u0159en\u00ed, stydliv\u00ed, maj\u00ed strach z ostatn\u00edch. Jsou to \u010dasto lid\u00e9 \u0161ikanovan\u00ed, spole\u010dnost je odsouv\u00e1 na okraj a chov\u00e1 se s nepochopen\u00edm v\u016f\u010di jejich handicapu. Ten psychick\u00fd je toti\u017e mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b vid\u011bt a zp\u016fsobuje men\u0161\u00ed l\u00edtost a solidaritu ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u011blesn\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed. Pokud se dostanou s n\u011bk\u00fdm do sporu, tak je na n\u011b automaticky pohl\u00ed\u017eeno jako na ty, co nemaj\u00ed pravdu, jsou bl\u00e1zni. Ve sv\u00fdch \u017eivotech si mnoz\u00ed z nich pro\u017eili pobyty na uzav\u0159en\u00fdch odd\u011blen\u00edch, omezov\u00e1n\u00ed na osobn\u00ed svobod\u011b \u010di nedobrovoln\u00e9 pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f. Pokud je \u010dlov\u011bk vystaven takov\u00e9mu dlouhodob\u00e9mu spole\u010densk\u00e9mu stresu a opovrhov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee ob\u010das n\u011bkomu takzvan\u011b bouchnou saze, je podez\u00edrav\u00fd a mo\u017en\u00e1 i n\u011bkde n\u011bco hroziv\u00e9ho provede. P\u0159irovnal bych to ke zv\u00ed\u0159eti, kter\u00e9 je zahn\u00e1no do kouta. V extr\u00e9mn\u00ed situaci bojuje o sv\u016fj \u017eivot a m\u016f\u017ee kousnout.<\/p>\n

– M\u011bn\u00ed se vztah l\u00e9ka\u0159 \u2013 pacient?<\/p>\n

Nemocn\u00ed n\u00e1m vlivem dosavadn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed. Jsme jedin\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd obor, kde existuje mezi l\u00e9ka\u0159em a pacientem nap\u011bt\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba, aby pacienti za\u010dali m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee jsme tady pro n\u011b a pom\u00e1h\u00e1me jim. My nejsme p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nad\u0161en\u00ed z toho, kdy\u017e m\u00e1me n\u011bkoho omezovat na svobod\u011b a nedobrovoln\u011b l\u00e9\u010dit. Kdy\u017e se vztahy mezi lidmi a nemocn\u00fdmi zlep\u0161\u00ed, klesne po\u010det konfliktn\u00edch situac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Psychicky nemocn\u00ed by se tedy od po\u010d\u00e1tku nem\u011bli izolovat?<\/p>\n

Budou podporov\u00e1ni, aby \u017eili se sv\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm v komunit\u011b. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se ale i spole\u010dnost mus\u00ed nau\u010dit \u017e\u00edt s nimi. Te\u010f, kdy\u017e byli vy\u010dlen\u011bni v l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e1ch, lidi nev\u00ed, jak to vypad\u00e1, kdy\u017e je n\u011bkdo psychicky nemocn\u00fd. A v\u017edycky m\u00e1te v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed strach z toho, co nezn\u00e1te. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed se to i v na\u0161em pohledu nap\u0159\u00edklad na ty vra\u017edy. Kdy\u017e vra\u017ed\u00ed n\u011bkdo, kdo je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, nevzbuzuje to v n\u00e1s takov\u00fd strach, proto\u017ee s norm\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bkem m\u00e1me zku\u0161enost. Ale ud\u011bl\u00e1\u00adli to n\u011bkdo psychicky nemocn\u00fd, p\u0159ipoj\u00ed se k tomu n\u00e1lepka n\u011b\u010deho nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho, co\u017e dohromady strach zn\u00e1sob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– Co je z pohledu pr\u00e1ce v CDZ nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m?<\/p>\n

Nar\u00e1\u017e\u00edme na to, \u017ee syst\u00e9m nen\u00ed nastaven\u00fd tak, abychom ho mohli vyu\u017e\u00edvat. Na\u0161i pacienti \u010dasto nemaj\u00ed napln\u011bn\u00e9 ani z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby. Nemaj\u00ed kde bydlet, nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem. My jsme ji\u017e schopni nemocn\u00e9 vyt\u00e1hnout z nemocnice a poskytovat jim komunitn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, ale nemaj\u00ed kde bydlet. U n\u00e1s neexistuj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 byty, jako je tomu v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, kam bychom za nimi doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli a pom\u00e1hali jim. Na\u0161e pacienty h\u016f\u0159 n\u011bkdo zam\u011bstn\u00e1. Bojujeme se syst\u00e9mem a v\u011bt\u0161ina na\u0161eho \u00fasil\u00ed je, aby \u010dlov\u011bk neskon\u010dil pod mostem a p\u0159e\u017eil. Na z\u00e1pad od n\u00e1s u\u017e d\u00e1vno pochopili, \u017ee kdy\u017e poskytnete lidem mo\u017enost \u017e\u00edt norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot, b\u00fdt aktivn\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fd prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, je to mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jim platit dlouhodob\u00e9 pobyty v l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e1ch anebo d\u016fchody a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n

– A co ji\u017e funguje?<\/p>\n

Poprv\u00e9 m\u00e1me t\u00fdm bohat\u00fd na zdravotn\u00edky a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00edky, kter\u00fd funguje pro ur\u010denou sp\u00e1dovou oblast. Nejen psychiatrie, ale i \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch medic\u00ednsk\u00fdch obor\u016f by se m\u011bla vracet zp\u011bt do komunity. To je sou\u010dasn\u00fd modern\u00ed trend. Lid\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed b\u00fdt dlouho ve velk\u00fdch nemocnic\u00edch a betonov\u00fdch monstrech, ta by m\u011bla provozovat specializovanou p\u00e9\u010di vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje a \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159e. V\u0161e ostatn\u00ed pak m\u00e1 prob\u00edhat na m\u00edstn\u00ed poliklinice a doma.<\/p>\n

Pra\u017esk\u00fd den\u00edk
\nhttp:\/\/www.prazsky.denik.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00ed Centrum du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed (CDZ) funguje v pra\u017esk\u00fdch Bohnic\u00edch. Psychiatr Miroslav Pastucha, kter\u00fd se na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed komunitn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pod\u00edlel, zde pracuje jako vedouc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159. Za […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25258"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25258\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}