Bone-Bone, skryt\u00e1 v hor\u00e1ch centr\u00e1ln\u00ed Indon\u00e9sie, se sv\u00fdmi domky a me\u0161itami podob\u00e1 jin\u00fdm mal\u00fdm vesnic\u00edm na souostrov\u00ed. Ov\u0161em s jednou v\u00fdjimkou: ve jm\u00e9nu boje proti tab\u00e1ku je tam v\u0161ude zak\u00e1z\u00e1no kou\u0159it, a\u010dkoliv Indon\u00e9san\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ku\u0159\u00e1k\u016fm na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n
„D\u011bkujeme v\u00e1m, \u017ee nekou\u0159\u00edte, \u0159ekn\u011bte ‚ne‘ cigaret\u011b,“ stoj\u00ed na panelu p\u0159i vjezdu do v\u00edsky na ostrov\u011b Sulawesi. Bone-Bone se stala v Indon\u00e9sii prvn\u00ed obc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zcela zak\u00e1zala kou\u0159en\u00ed. „Kochejte se kr\u00e1sami krajiny a \u010derstv\u00fdm vzduchem na\u0161\u00ed vesnice,“ stoj\u00ed na jin\u00e9m panelu.<\/p>\n
Deset let od doby, co vstoupil v platnost tento v Indon\u00e9sii neobvykl\u00fd z\u00e1kaz, nenajdete mezi 800 obyvateli vesnice \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho ku\u0159\u00e1ka.<\/p>\n
Zm\u011bna v\u0161ak nenastala ze dne na den. V roce 2000 za\u010dala obec t\u00edm, \u017ee zak\u00e1zala prodej cigaret. O t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji byl vyd\u00e1n z\u00e1kaz kou\u0159en\u00ed na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech a v roce 2006 byl naprost\u00fd z\u00e1kaz kou\u0159en\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en i na dom\u00e1cnosti.<\/p>\n
Pokud si p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd ku\u0159\u00e1k p\u0159ece jen doma zap\u00e1l\u00ed, hroz\u00ed mu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ud\u00e1n\u00ed sankce. Ty nej\u010dast\u011bji ur\u010duje starosta obce. V\u011bt\u0161inou jde o obecn\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, jako je \u00faklid me\u0161ity t\u00e9to velmi zbo\u017en\u00e9 muslimsk\u00e9 vesnice. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed provinilci byli dokonce nuceni se ve\u0159ejn\u011b omluvit.<\/p>\n
N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed vesni\u010dan\u00e9 se od doby, co byli nuceni p\u0159estat kou\u0159it, c\u00edt\u00ed l\u00e9pe. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kov\u00e1\u0159 Amir, otec dev\u00edti d\u011bt\u00ed, kou\u0159il 40 cigaret denn\u011b. Nyn\u00ed si uv\u011bdomuje v\u00fdhody \u017eivota bez cigaret. „U\u0161et\u0159\u00edm pen\u00edze a dokonce mohu platit \u0161koln\u00e9 za sv\u00e9 d\u011bti,“ citovala jej agentura AFP.<\/p>\n
Starostu obce Muhammada Idrise vedly k zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1kazu kou\u0159en\u00ed hlavn\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fvody. N\u011bkter\u00e9 chud\u00e9 rodiny nemohly pos\u00edlat d\u011bti do \u0161koly, proto\u017ee jejich otcov\u00e9 utratili p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho pen\u011bz za cigarety a nav\u00edc se i d\u011bti st\u00e1valy z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na tab\u00e1ku.<\/p>\n
„\u0160el jsem na univerzitu s dal\u0161\u00edmi 13 studenty z vesnice, ale jen \u0161est z nich z\u00edskalo diplom. Ostatn\u00ed nedostudovali, proto\u017ee pen\u00edze na \u0161koln\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vali za cigarety,“ vysv\u011btluje Idris.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edklad Bone-Bone n\u00e1sledoval tucet dal\u0161\u00edch vesnic, kter\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1sily na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00e1kaz kou\u0159en\u00ed. To bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky decentralizaci, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sledovala po p\u00e1du dikt\u00e1tora Suharta v roce 1998.<\/p>\n
Boj proti tab\u00e1ku je ale v t\u00e9to zemi v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii se zhruba 250 miliony obyvatel, z nich\u017e 30 procent dosp\u011bl\u00fdch kou\u0159\u00ed, okrajov\u00fdm jevem. Podle expert\u016f zde nemoci spojen\u00e9 s kou\u0159en\u00edm ro\u010dn\u011b usmrt\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 200.000 lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Podle Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) v Indon\u00e9sii kou\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b t\u0159etiny mu\u017e\u016f, co\u017e je nejv\u00edce na sv\u011bt\u011b. \u017deny v t\u00e9to muslimsk\u00e9 zemi kou\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n
V Indon\u00e9sii jsou cigarety levn\u00e9, stoj\u00ed v p\u0159epo\u010dtu m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 27 K\u010d. Reklama na n\u011b je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 a ku\u0159\u00e1ci jsou m\u00e1lo informov\u00e1ni o nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kou\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje pro jejich zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Indon\u00e9sie je jedinou zem\u00ed jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, kter\u00e1 neratifikovala konvenci WHO o boji proti kou\u0159en\u00ed. Tab\u00e1kov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl je tam velmi vlivn\u00fd a lukrativn\u00ed. Na ulic\u00edch jsou \u010dasto vid\u011bt d\u011bti, jak kou\u0159\u00ed cigarety naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 kretek s h\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dkem, kter\u00e9 jsou v zemi velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Loni v srpnu indon\u00e9sk\u00e9 ministerstvo pr\u016fmyslu schv\u00e1lilo o 50 procent vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed produkci cigaret na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i roky. Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed vyty\u010dilo program boje proti tab\u00e1ku, ale jak p\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9, jeho aplikace, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o omezen\u00ed reklamy, je velmi pomal\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bone-Bone, skryt\u00e1 v hor\u00e1ch centr\u00e1ln\u00ed Indon\u00e9sie, se sv\u00fdmi domky a me\u0161itami podob\u00e1 jin\u00fdm mal\u00fdm vesnic\u00edm na souostrov\u00ed. Ov\u0161em s jednou v\u00fdjimkou: ve jm\u00e9nu boje proti […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zpravy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25656"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25656\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}