{"id":25667,"date":"2016-05-31T12:27:24","date_gmt":"2016-05-31T10:27:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25667"},"modified":"2016-05-31T12:31:25","modified_gmt":"2016-05-31T10:31:25","slug":"v-eu-predloni-na-predavkovani-drogami-zemrelo-nejmene-6800-lidi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/?p=25667","title":{"rendered":"V EU p\u0159edloni na p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed drogami zem\u0159elo nejm\u00e9n\u011b 6800 lid\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nejm\u00e9n\u011b 6800 lid\u00ed zem\u0159elo v roce 2014 v Evropsk\u00e9 unii na p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed drogami, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje oproti p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu roku n\u00e1r\u016fst. Ve sv\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b o tom dnes informovalo Evropsk\u00e9 monitorovac\u00ed centrum pro drogy a drogovou z\u00e1vislost (EMCDDA).<\/strong><\/p>\n

ilustra\u010dn\u00ed foto: sxc.hu<\/p>\n

Nejv\u00edce lid\u00ed po p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u0159elo v N\u011bmecku a Brit\u00e1nii, v po\u010dtu \u00famrt\u00ed na milion obyvatel vede ve statistice Estonsko p\u0159ed \u0160v\u00e9dskem a Irskem. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice p\u0159edloni podle zpr\u00e1vy zem\u0159elo na p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed drogami 37 lid\u00ed, co\u017e \u010cesko \u0159ad\u00ed na konec \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9n\u011b mrtv\u00fdch z p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed drogami na milion obyvatel m\u00e1 krom\u011b \u010ceska (5,2) ji\u017e jen Portugalsko (4,5), Ma\u010farsko (3,4), Slovensko (3,1), Bulharsko (3,1) a Rumunsko (2,4). Celkem na sledovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed – EU, Norsko a Turecko – p\u0159ipad\u00e1 na milion obyvatel ve v\u011bku 15 a\u017e 64 let v pr\u016fm\u011bru 18,3 \u00famrt\u00ed z p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny v\u0161ech osob, kter\u00e9 na p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edloni zem\u0159ely, byli mu\u017ei. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk \u00famrt\u00ed pak \u010dinil 38 let. V naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se u\u017eivatel\u00e9 drog p\u0159ed\u00e1vkovali opioidy (82 procent), k nim\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na heroin. Pravd\u011bpodobnost \u00famrt\u00ed je p\u0159itom u u\u017eivatel\u016f opioid\u016f v Evrop\u011b p\u011btkr\u00e1t a\u017e desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u jejich vrstevn\u00edk\u016f, uv\u00e1d\u00ed zpr\u00e1va EMCDDA. \u010casto ale k fat\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm vede i kombinace n\u011bkolika n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n

U\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog se krom\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed pod\u00edl\u00ed i na zhor\u0161en\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho stavu. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv na zdrav\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 populace m\u00e1 podle zpr\u00e1vy konop\u00ed, a to proto, \u017ee je v\u016fbec nej\u010dast\u011bji zneu\u017e\u00edvanou neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vykovou l\u00e1tkou. Jeho pravideln\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee podle ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch studi\u00ed v\u00e9st nap\u0159\u00edklad k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu riziku psychotick\u00fdch symptom\u016f, p\u0159i u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v obdob\u00ed dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat i k rozvoji schizofrenie \u010di ke vzniku intelektov\u00e9 poruchy.<\/p>\n

Zdravotn\u00ed rizika se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee si u\u017eivatel n\u00e1vykov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky aplikuje injek\u010dn\u011b. Tento zp\u016fsob u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159itom nad\u00e1le hraje v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed viru hepatitidy C a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch i HIV. Pod\u00edl p\u0159enosu HIV v Evrop\u011b p\u0159ipisovan\u00fd injek\u010dn\u00edmu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog se dlouhodob\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed na n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e osm procent) a v posledn\u00edch letech po\u010det nov\u011b diagnostikovan\u00fdch n\u00e1kaz t\u00edmto virem mezi evropsk\u00fdmi injek\u010dn\u00edmi u\u017eivateli drog dokonce m\u00edrn\u011b kles\u00e1. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se zbytkem Evropy se vymykaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b pobaltsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, kde je injek\u010dn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etinu n\u00e1kaz HIV.<\/p>\n

Aby zabr\u00e1nila \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoc\u00ed, poskytuje v\u011bt\u0161ina evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016fm drog zdarma injek\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dky. V roce 2014 se jich takto ve 23 zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 poskytly evropsk\u00e9 agentu\u0159e data, rozdalo nejm\u00e9n\u011b 36 milion\u016f. \u010cesko ro\u010dn\u011b jednomu injek\u010dn\u00edmu u\u017eivateli drog poskytlo p\u0159edloni v pr\u016fm\u011bru asi 150 injek\u010dn\u00edch st\u0159\u00edka\u010dek.<\/p>\n

Na l\u00e9\u010dbu se podle zpr\u00e1vy EMCDDA evrop\u0161t\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 drog nej\u010dast\u011bji dostav\u00ed z vlastn\u00edho popudu \u010di na radu rodiny (45 procent). V roce 2014 podstoupilo l\u00e9\u010dbu z\u00e1vislosti na neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch drog\u00e1ch ve 30 sledovan\u00fdch zem\u00edch celkem 1,5 milionu lid\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se j\u00ed podrobili lid\u00e9 z\u00e1visl\u00ed na opioidech, n\u00e1sledovan\u00ed u\u017eivateli konop\u00ed a kokainu. Substitu\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu z\u00e1vislosti na opioidech, nej\u010dast\u011bji pomoc\u00ed metadonu, obdr\u017eelo 680.000 lid\u00ed. V \u010cesku substitu\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu p\u0159edloni podstoupilo 30 a\u017e 40 procent vysoce rizikov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f opioid\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u0158ada zem\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed injek\u010dn\u00edch u\u017eivatel\u016f drog zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm m\u00edstnost\u00ed pro aplikaci drog pod odborn\u00fdm dohledem. V Evrop\u011b je takov\u00fdch m\u00edst v sou\u010dasnosti u\u017e 70.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nejm\u00e9n\u011b 6800 lid\u00ed zem\u0159elo v roce 2014 v Evropsk\u00e9 unii na p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed drogami, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje oproti p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmu roku n\u00e1r\u016fst. Ve sv\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b o tom […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spolecnost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=25667"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25667\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/14127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=25667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=25667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.invarena.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=25667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}